Tag nrho Is Taws Nem yog sau nrog cov lus hais txog ciliates-khau. Hos cov ntaub ntawv hais txog trumpeters txom nyem heev, feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem paub nrog lawv, sib nrug los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv dej feem ntau.
Infusoria-trumpeter qee zaum yuam kev rau suvok lossis rotifers. Cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse zoo li tsis zoo li qhov tseeb, tsawg tus neeg tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tias cov protozoa zoo kawg nkaus muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
Lub npe ntawm no infusoria hais rau nws tus kheej. Nws tuaj ntawm nws qhov tsos. Cov duab ntawm nws lub cev ciliates stentor zoo li lub gramophone yeeb nkab lossis horn. Nws zoo ib yam li lub ntsej muag nthuav dav, uas thaum kawg tig mus rau hauv lub tswb tib yam li ib qho cuab yeej cua. Txawm li cas los xij, ciliates zoo li qhov no tsuas yog thaum lawv nyob twj ywm. Yog tias muaj kev ntxhov siab, nws yuav zoo li lub pob tam sim ua tsaug rau nws cov leeg nqaij.
Freshwater ciliates-trumpeters sawv cev rau tsev neeg Trumpeter, nyob rau hauv lub genus Stentor (Trumpeter) nyob. Lub npe Stentor muaj nyob rau hauv ancient Greek myths xwb. Qhov no yog ib tug herald nrog lub suab muaj zog, nwssiv los tshaj tawm txoj cai ntawm vaj ntxwv.
Stentor luv lus piav qhia
Hauv luv, stentors yog dab tsi, lawv ntab thiab sessile ciliates. Infusoria-trumpeter (cov lus piav qhia luv luv): qhov qis dua yog ib qho kev cog lus, elongated stalk uas muaj peev xwm txuas cov ciliate rau cov khoom hauv qab dej. Qhov kev txiav txim no tshwm sim nrog kev pab los ntawm cov mucus secreted los ntawm stentors.
Cia siab tias yuav muaj kev phom sij, tus kws tshaj lij tus kws tshaj lij pib cog lus sai sai, thaum lub sijhawm nws lub cev tag nrho cog lus. Txhawm rau cawm nws txoj sia, tus kws tshaj lij ciliate tuaj yeem txo qis hauv ib feem ntawm ib qho thib ob los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm nws qhov ntev! Nws rov qab mus rau nws txoj haujlwm pib qeeb dua, lub sijhawm no yog 10 vib nas this. Lub contraction yog yooj yim los ntawm muaj cov leeg nqaij fibers hauv lub cell.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, nws muaj nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm ruaj ntseg zoo kawg li. Lub ciliate trumpeter muaj nyob rau hauv nws lub cev muaj pes tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov qhov me me uas cov pas nrig nrog cov lus qhia ntom ntom uas muaj tshuaj lom raug muab zais. Ib tug neeg ntaus riam phom no tuag tes tuag taw tam sim ntawd, qhov phem tshaj, nws tuag.
Infusoria yog kis ntawm kev kub ceev. Cov lus piav qhia yog qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg, nrog rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev txav ntawm nws cov kab sib npaug los ntawm cua, dej noog, kab thiab lwm yam kab mob. Cysts tsim ntawm kub qis dua 0 degrees C.
Zoo
Lub cev ntawm tus stentor muaj tus yam ntxwv funnel zoo, nws pem hauv ntej kawg yog nthuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tswb. Nws muaj ib qho peristomal teb, raws ntug sab nrauv uas ntev cilia sib koom ua kemembranella ncig lub qhov ncauj.
me me cilia hauv qab lub plhaub npog tag nrho lub cev ntawm ciliate nyob rau hauv kab ntev. Muaj ntau hom uas nws lub cev tsuas muaj lawv cov xim: tus trumpeter xiav lossis xiav thiab tus trumpeter ntsuab.
Ciliates tuaj hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm 1.2 hli mus rau 3 hli. Lawv cov tsos yuav zoo li hauv qab no:
• Motile.
• Sedentary.
• Colonial.
• Solitary.
• Puab-hloov hlwb.• Tsis yog -hloov cell shape.
Sab saum toj ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes yog npog nrog endoplasm, uas muaj lub qog zoo li, thiab lub plhaub ntom ntom.
Infusoria-trumpeter: taxonomy
Yog tias peb xav txog trumpeters los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm qhov systematics, ces cov protozoa no nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ciliated ciliates. Zoo li cov txheeb ze ze, lawv muaj ob hom cilia ntawm lawv lub cev - luv thiab ntev.
Short cilia, uas txhais tau tias ua luam dej, npog lub stentor lub cev kom sib npaug. Ntev cilia nyob ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj, ze ze rau ib leeg. Lawv pab coj dej mus rau qhov qhib qhov ncauj. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv tau pom, tshwj tsis yog qhov ntev, lawv cov qauv yog tib yam.
Khoom noj
Protozoa yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, suav nrog kev noj haus. Lawv noj dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas digestion tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug stentor yog ib lo lus nug uas nthuav heev. Lub ciliate trumpeter suav hais tias cov kab mob yog nws cov zaub mov tseem ceeb. Nrog rau lawv, khoom noj khoom haus kuj yog me me protozoa, planktonic algae thiab lwm yam uas nyob hauvdej particle.
Feem ntau cov trumpeters, ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm mechanics, ua luam dej nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm lub cev rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov kev txav qeeb no pab kom lawv ntes tau lawv cov tsiaj uas xav tau. Cov zaub mov me me nkag los ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhib ntxiv mus rau hauv tubular pharynx. Cov seem tom qab zom mov tawm los ntawm cov hmoov. Infusoria yog ib yam tsiaj uas voracious heev, nws lub qhov ncauj qhib, nws noj tas li. Tsuas yog thaum lub caij yug me nyuam, cov txheej txheem no nres. Lawv feem ntau raug suav hais tias yog cov neeg tua tsiaj.
Kev ua neej
Lub nuclei yog lub hauv paus tswj hwm ntawm lub stentor. Lawv tau tsim los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem hauv lub cell tuaj yeem ua tau raug thiab ua txhaum cai sai sai. Ciliates trumpeter muaj peev xwm ua tau sai sai coj nws lub cev rov qab mus rau nws daim ntawv qub tom qab kev puas tsuaj. Txawm tias thaum nws raug txiav rau hauv ob peb ntu, tom qab ib ntus ntawm lawv txhua tus tig mus rau hauv ib qho me me stentor, thiab tom qab ntawd, nrog kev noj zaub mov hnyav, tau txais nws qhov loj me.
Qhov tsuas yog xav tau rau qhov no yog qhov muaj cov macronucleus nyob rau hauv seem.
Thaum koj nqa dej los ntawm lub pas dej nrog cov nplooj poob thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas, koj yuav muaj sijhawm los saib xyuas lub neej ntawm cov neeg sawv cev me ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov tsiaj microscopic, uas yog qhov nthuav heev.
Stentor: internal structure
Tus stentor muaj ib lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuole. Nws muaj ib lub reservoir thiab coj raws. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature uas cov qauv ntawm ciliates sawv cev yog ib tug loj macronucleus nucleus. Ib sab ntawm nws muaj ob peb lub micronuclei me me.
Tus trumpeter kuj muaj lub hauv paus me me, qee zaum kuj muaj ob peb. Cov qauv ntawm ciliates yog raws li nram no: ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm digestive vacuole, cilia, muaju, lub qhov ncauj, lub plab zom mov, qhov chaw rau tshem tawm cov zaub mov seem (hmoov), ib tug nucleus thiab nucleolus, ib tug contractile vacuole.
Infusoria-trumpeter: luam tawm
Stentors nyiam yug me nyuam asexually. Nws yog ua los ntawm ntau qhov kev faib tawm, faib ua ob lossis budding, uas zoo li tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xeev dawb-tsav.
Thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam tsis muaj menyuam, kev faib tawm ntawm tag nrho cov nuclei tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem no rov ua dua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij ob lossis peb zaug hauv ib lub lis piam ntawm qhov sib txawv. Tus nqi ntawm hom kev yug me nyuam yog nyob ntawm ntau yam laj thawj, cov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob: kub, npaum li cas ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab lwm yam.
Kev faib ntawm micronucleus tshwm sim mitonically. Lub macronucleus faib nyob rau hauv ib tug peculiar txoj kev thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm DNA ob npaug. Thaum faib ciliates, qee qhov cytoplasmic organelles tuaj yeem pom. Lawv feem ntau xa mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv, uas muaj cilia tshiab thiab lub qhov ncauj qhib rov tsim dua.
Infusoria pib pub zog thiab loj hlob, tom qab ntawd nws rov ua dua. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua ntau qhov kev sim los teb cov lus nug ntawm lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas cov tsiaj no tuaj yeem tsim dua li kev sib deev.
Kev sim tau pom tias dhau losob peb tiam nyob rau hauv lub neej voj voog ntawm ciliates, cov txheej txheem kev sib deev ntawm kev yug me nyuam los yog conjugation yuav tsum tau tshwm sim, thaum lub sij hawm uas ob tug neeg kov ib leeg nrog lub plab mog. Ntawm qhov sib txuas, cov membrane dissolves, tsim ib tus choj cytoplasmic. Macronuclei pib tawg thiab faib ua 4 micronucleus nuclei. Peb ntawm lawv raug rhuav tshem tag nrho, thiab hauv plaub muaj kev faib ua ib nrab. Qhov tshwm sim yog tsim ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam nucleus hauv txhua ciliate.
Yog li, cov txheej txheem kev sib deev ntawm kev yug me nyuam tsis cuam tshuam qhov nce ntawm cov stentors. Nws tsuas yog pab txhawb rau kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces.
Stentor: tus nqi hauv xwm
Ciliates, zoo li lwm yam protozoa zoo sib xws, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim, dej huv los ntawm kev ua qias tuaj, noj cov kab mob phem thiab lwj cov organic seem. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov tsiaj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog qib dej paug.
Stentors hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov khoom. Yog tias qhov kev pom zoo ua rau qhov no, lawv nce nrawm heev, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov protozoa no tau dhau los ua zaub mov nyiam rau larvae thiab kib ntawm cov ntses, me crustaceans, kab ntawm dej cev thiab lawv cov larvae. Thaum kawg, dhau los, dhau los ua zaub mov rau cov tsiaj loj hauv dej, nrog rau cov ntses kib.
Koj tuaj yeem tham txog cov tsiaj zoo li no tsis muaj kawg. Lub ciliate trumpeter, lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej tseem yog qhov tsis paub, ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm.hla kev tshawb nrhiav rau tag nrho cov lus teb txog tus tsiaj no. Ntau yam tseem yuav tau ua kom paub thiab nkag siab zoo li no me me protozoan.
