Ancient battering ram: yees duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Ancient battering ram: yees duab
Ancient battering ram: yees duab

Video: Ancient battering ram: yees duab

Video: Ancient battering ram: yees duab
Video: 15 AMAZING Ancient Ranged Weapons 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Thaum cov phab ntsa tau pib txhim kho nyob ib puag ncig lub nroog qub los tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, qhov no tau ua lub zog rau lub ntsej muag ntawm rab phom tua, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa. Cia wb mus saib lawv.

Zoo ntawm phab ntsa-tus ntaus

Nws ntseeg tau tias thawj phab ntsa-tiav tau tsim los ntawm Carthaginian masters - Patherasmen thiab Geras. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm 500 BC. e., thiab cov Carthaginians siv nws thaum lub sij hawm siege ntawm Gadis (Cadiz), ib lub nroog nyob rau hauv Spain. Zoo li nws los yog tsis, txawm tias cov masters no yog thawj tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov battering ram, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem hais meej. Tab sis cov neeg sau keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, piav qhia txog Carthaginian sieges, tau hais tias, nrog rau lwm lub tshuab siege, kuj tau siv battering ram.

Thawj phom

Ib tug qub battering ram rau ua txhaum lub rooj vag los yog phab ntsa, tom qab hu ua ib tug battering ram, yog ib tug dog dig log ntawm tshauv los yog spruce. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, rab phom hnyav heev, thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias nws yuav tsum nqa los ntawm tes, qee zaum txog li ib puas tus tub rog yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv nws txoj haujlwm.

ram phom
ram phom

Txhua yam yog nkim heev ntawm kev siv tib neeg thiab tsis yooj yim heev,thiaj li pib txhim kho ntxiv. Lub battering ram - ib tug ram - yog Ameslikas dai ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb thav duab, thiab ces ntsia rau ntawm lub log. Nws yooj yim dua los siv nws li no. Tam sim no, txhawm rau xa rab phom mus rau qhov chaw thiab viav vias rau kev tawm tsam, yuav tsum muaj neeg tsawg tsawg.

Ram rab phom
Ram rab phom

Rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, lub hau hlau txuas nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm lub cav, uas zoo li tus ram lub taub hau. Vim li no, lub cav sib ntaus sib tua feem ntau hu ua qhov ntawd - "ram". Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov laus hais tias: "zoo li ib tug yaj ntawm lub rooj vag tshiab", nws yog ib tug yaj, thiab tsis yog ib tug tiag tiag tsiaj.

Tab sis qhov kev txhim kho tsis tau tso tseg. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov tub rog tsav lub ram, pob zeb thiab xub ya, boiling dej thiab kub resin poured. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tub rog, lub thav duab nrog lub cav tau npog nrog lub ntsej muag los ntawm sab saud, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog los ntawm txhua sab. Yog li ntawd, kev quab yuam detachment, swinging lub battering ram, tsawg kawg yog ib yam kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov hmoov phem ntog thiab nchuav los ntawm cov phab ntsa. Xws li ib tug ram npog rau nws sab nraud zoo ib yam li cov tsiaj reptile nto moo pib hu ua "tortoise".

Ancient phab ntsa riam phom
Ancient phab ntsa riam phom

Qee lub sij hawm tus vaub kib yog ib qho qauv uas muaj ntau lub plag tsev, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej battering ram. Yog li, nws tau dhau los ua phab ntsa tib lub sijhawm ntawm ntau qib.

Tab sis riam phom zoo li no, rau qhov laj thawj pom tseeb, loj heev thiab hnyav, yog li ntawdsiv tsis tu ncua.

battering rams
battering rams

Falcon - ib tug qub tub rog battering ram

Thaum tus battering ram thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia, nws tsis paub meej, tab sis pib txij li ib nrab xyoo pua 12th, cov ntaub ntawv sau tau hais txog kev ntes cov nroog nrog "hmuv". Nws tuaj yeem xav tias yog thaum ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm sieges, hauv kev ua tsov ua rog internecine, uas cov neeg tawm tsam thawj zaug tau pib siv lub falcon - ib hom riam phom battering ram.

Qhov tseeb, tus falcon tsis txawv ntawm nws cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov paub analogues. Tib lub log liab qab tshem tawm ntawm chains lossis ropes. Muaj tseeb tiag, qee zaum ib tsob ntoo tau hloov los ntawm txhua lub tog raj kheej hlau. Los ntawm txoj kev, raws li ib tug ntawm cov versions, cov nqe lus "lub hom phiaj yog zoo li ib tug falcon" yog los ntawm cov koom haum nrog cov tsos ntawm ib tug Lavxias teb sab phom.

Txoj kev tawm tsam ramming

Phab ntsa-beater yeej yog ib txoj kev ua phem heev, yog li kev tawm tsam kuj tau tsim tawm tsam nws siv:

  • Yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua kom lub tshuab ua kom zoo, ib lub hnab ntim nrog cov khoom muag, ntaub plaub lossis chaff tau qis dua ntawm phab ntsa mus rau theem ntawm nws lub taub hau.
  • Cov dej phwj tuaj, dej kub npau, kub hnyiab, roj, pob zeb thiab xib xub tau nchuav rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog tus yaj. Cov neeg nyob ze tau sim tua hluav taws rau tus qauv ntoo ntawm rab phom.
  • Cov kwj deg tau khawb ntawm txoj hauv kev mus rau phab ntsa hauv nroog thiab muaj dej puv, ib lub pas dej tau muab pov rau hauv kwj deg, uas sawv thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam. Cov kev ntsuas no tiv thaiv Falcon los ntawm dov mus rau ntawm phab ntsa.
  • Yog hais tias nws muab tawm tias tus ram mus rau phab ntsacov nroog yuav raug xa los ntawm cov nees, cov hlau ntse ntse "hedgehogs" tau tawg mus rau hauv lawv txoj kev, uas yuav tsum tau tsoo rau hauv cov hooves ntawm cov tsiaj uas lawv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm horseshoe. Txoj kev tiv thaiv no, yog tias nws tsis ua tiav qhov kev tawm tsam ram, ces cuam tshuam nws txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv, muab sijhawm los rhuav tshem cov tub rog tawm tsam.

Visions

Lwm yam cuab yeej siv thaum ub hu ua "vices". Phab ntsa-ntaus riam phom, nyob rau hauv cov kev xav ib txwm muaj, yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li ib tug ram, tab sis cov flaws tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau nws tsim. Nov yog lub npe ntawm cov tshuab ntuav tshwj xeeb.

Nyob hauv tebchaws Russia, ob hom kev pabcuam raug siv - qib-slings, uas tau hais hauv annals li slings, thiab crossbows - cov cuab yeej mounted ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Tus tsim ntawm lub sling yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa ntawm tus ncej uas lub voj voog (ib lub mount rau lub lever uas tuaj yeem tig tau) thiab qhov ntev, tsis sib npaug ntawm nws tus kheej tau kho.

Ib lub sling (ib txoj siv nrog lub hnab ntim rau qhov projectile) tau txuas mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub zog, thiab cov hlua tau txuas mus rau lwm qhov kawg, uas cov neeg tshwj xeeb tau kawm rau qhov no yuav tsum rub - nro. Ntawd yog, lub pob zeb (tub ntxhais) tau ntim rau hauv lub hnab ris ntawm lub sling, thiab cov nruj nreem rub cov hlua khi. Lub lever, ya nce, launched lub projectile nyob rau hauv txoj kev coj. Qhov tseeb tias lub viav vias nrog lub zog tuaj yeem tig tau ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua qhov hluav taws kub yuav luag tsis txav tag nrho cov qauv.

Tom qab ntawd, txoj siv tawv nruj tau hloov nrog lub qhov hnyav, thiab cov kab txhawb nqa tau hloov los ntawm ib qho nyuaj dua.

riam phom zoo li no muaj zog ntau dua li cov tshuab ntuav ntuav. Feem ntau cov counterweight tau ua txav tau, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem kho qhov kev tua hluav taws. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws hu ua "trebuchet"

Crossbows-vices

Tus tsim ntawm lub easel self-firing pob zeb thrower yog qhov txawv ntawm cov hlua. Outwardly, nws zoo ib yam li ib tug ntoo khaub lig loj, uas yog, ib tug chute tau tsau rau ntawm ib tug ntoo puag, thiab ib tug hneev khi rau nws sab pem hauv ntej.

Falcon ancient tub rog battering ram
Falcon ancient tub rog battering ram

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tua kuj zoo ib yam li tus ntoo khaub lig, tab sis tsis yog ib tug xub, ib pob zeb (core) tau muab tso rau hauv lub chute. Txhawm rau kom hneev nti tiv taus cov khoom hnyav, nws tau tsim los ntawm ob peb txheej ntoo, sib txuas ntau hom ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau pasted nrog birch bark thiab qhwv nrog straps. Txoj hlua hneev yog ua los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu los yog txoj hlua hemp muaj zog.

Kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev pabcuam

Txij li thaum lub tshuab pov tseg tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tsis tshaj 100 m rau cov yeeb ncuab fortifications, lawv tau ua tsis tau rau cov yeeb ncuab archers. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg tua phom, cov vices raug fenced nrog palisade (tyn) thiab khawb ib ncig nrog moat.

phom phom
phom phom

Yuav luag txhua yam tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov projectiles rau lwm cov hlua, hnyav ntawm 3 txog 200 kg: pob zeb, lauj kaub ntim nrog cov sib tov sib xyaw, txawm tias tsiaj tuag. Qhov ntawd yog, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov mos txwv.

Nrog cov ntoo khaub lig, txhua yam nyuaj dua. Rau lawv, txheej txheem pob zebkernels, 20-35 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations, xub (bolts) kuj tau pom, uas, thaj, kuj tau siv rau tua. Lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj yog ib tug hlau pas nrig nrog ib tug hlau plumage, hnyav li ntawm 2 kg thiab 170 cm ntev. Muaj ib qho kev xav tias cov xub no yog siv rau tua, uas yog, lawv nqa ib tug flammable muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog lawv thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm.

Ob hom phom tau siv ua ke, ua kom sib ntxiv, ua tsaug rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tawm tsam tau nce ntau. Feem ntau, nws yog qhov muaj riam phom loj heev uas tau txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Pom zoo: