Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib qho ntawm ntau hom conifers ntawm tsev neeg Pine, lub npe nrov spruce, tshuav nws lub npe rau cov neeg Loos thaum ub. Qhov no yog qhov txhais ntawm lo lus "resin" suab zoo li. Nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj ntsuab, spruce nyob ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw thiab belongs rau ib tug genus uas muaj yuav luag 50 hom nroj tsuag faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb no: los ntawm Northern Europe thiab Central Asia mus rau North America. Nws yog hom spruce, hom ntoo twg? Nws nyob hauv ntiaj teb ntev npaum li cas thiab nws siv li cas? Cia peb sim nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no.
Kev piav qhia ntawm spruce
siab, upright, evergreen slender tree with a dense cone-shaped crown, narrower at a young age, spruce covered with branch to the very base. Lawv lub cev yog qhov nyuaj rau pom - nws yog zais los ntawm qhov dav tshaj plaws spruce "paws". Cov ntoo hluas muaj cov tawv tawv du nrog cov xim av xim av, ntawm cov laus spruce trunks nws yog thinner, tev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov koob yog rab koob-puab thiab tuaj yeem nyob ntawm cov ceg mus txog 7-9 xyoo, txawm tias muaj qhov tsis zooecology, cov ntsiab lus no raug txo, thiab nyob rau hauv lub nroog ib puag ncig, lub sij hawm ntawm kev txuag ntawm koob tsis pub tshaj 3 xyoos. Cov koob yog ib leeg, tetrahedral lossis flattened, spirally teem rau ntawm ceg. Cones dai, elongated, cylindrical. Ripening nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, lawv qhib thaum lub noob yog dispersed. Cov noob flakes ntawm lub khob hliav qab nrog lub hauv paus dav npog cov noob me me, muab cov tis qhwv ncig lawv.
yam ntxwv ntawm tsob ntoo
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm spruce yog qhov tsis meej: nws yog ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsis zoo nkauj hauv ntiaj teb. Nws yog undemanding rau av fertility, zoo kawg nkaus siv paus ntawm cov av tsis zoo. Nws tsis ntshai ntawm shady slopes thiab me ntsis waterlogging ntawm cov av npog. Nws yog incredibly Frost-resistant, thiab nws tsis ntshai ntawm ib tug sharply continental kev nyab xeeb. Tab sis feem ntau hom tsis tiv taus roj thiab haus luam yeeb, txawm li cas los xij, tsob ntoo yog siv hauv kev tsim kho hauv nroog thiab siv ob qho tib si hauv ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg cog qoob loo rau cov chaw ua si thiab kev tiv thaiv snow strips. Dwarf lossis undersized cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj yog qhov zoo rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj toj roob hauv pes ntawm lub vaj me me, swb thiab pob zeb vaj.
European spruce, lossis hom spruce
Lub npe ntawm tsob ntoo no hais rau nws tus kheej thiab qhia meej nws qhov chaw nyob. European spruce hlob nyob rau hauv European ib feem ntawm Russia. Nws yog lub hauv paus uas tsim cov taiga. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Siberia thiab European Russia, cov massifs ntawm ntau spruce yog maj hloov los ntawm Siberian spruce. tsob ntoo no yog dab tsi? Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hom no. Nyob rau hauv xaiv loj hlob tej yam kev mob sprucetxawv qhov txawv ntawm larch thiab ntoo thuv, tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv intraspecific ntse. Lawv nyiam ntxoov ntxoo heev uas nws nyuaj heev kom loj hlob hauv thaj chaw qhib ntoo, txij li txawm tias nyob rau theem ntawm cov tua uas tau pib loj hlob, lawv raug puas tsuaj los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts los yog sunburn. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv raug kev txom nyem heev los ntawm cov nyom hluav taws uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov raws caij nyoog.
Lub Sijhawm thiab nta ntawm tsob ntoo loj hlob
thawj 10 xyoo, tsob ntoo spruce hlob qeeb. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev loj hlob nce siab, thiab tom qab 100-120 xyoo nws nres dua. Tsis sib xws, spasmodic kev loj hlob txawv European spruce. Tias qhov no yog lub siab ntev tau paub ntev. Yog tias muaj kev tso cai, nws yooj yim nyob mus txog 250-300 xyoo. Cov av zoo tshaj plaws rau nws yog loams thiab sandstones. Ntawm lawv, nws tsim ib qho kev sib sib zog nqus hauv paus system uas khov kho nws mus rau saum npoo. Tab sis spruce yog tus hlub ntawm qhov chaw ntub dej heev. Ntawm cov av uas muaj dej ntau dhau, tsob ntoo tsim ib qho me me ntawm cov hauv paus hauv paus thiab, nrog cua daj cua dub, tsis tuaj yeem tuav thiab tawg mus rau hauv av. Spruce tolerates txawm me ntsis waterlogging, yog hais tias nws muaj ib tug ntws cim. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub hauv paus system ntawm spruce yog ho me dua li cov ntoo thuv, uas piav qhia nws instability nyob rau hauv cua. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm tsob ntoo yog tias nws cov ceg qis tsis tuag thiab nyob twj ywm qhuav, yog li nws yog qhov tsaus thiab ntub dej hauv hav zoov spruce.
Spruce loj hlob tej yam kev mob
Spruce tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm European ib feem ntawm Russia, hauv Siberia thiab sab qab teb ntawm FarSab hnub tuaj. Tab sis qhov no yog tsob ntoo ilv heev.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los cog nws nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ruaj khov ntawm cov nroj tsuag - ntoo qhib, birch lossis ntoo thuv. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov av qhuav thiab tsis zoo, nyob rau hauv uas spruce hlob nyuaj, txij li cov av zoo moistened yog preferable rau nws. Spruce yog qhov xav tau ntau dua ntawm kev loj hlob ntau dua li ntoo thuv, uas tuaj yeem loj hlob zoo ntawm cov av xuab zeb qhuav. Tias yog vim li cas spruce thiab ntoo thuv tsis tshua loj hlob ib sab - lawv xav tau ntau yam xwm txheej.
Reproduction
Spruce yog ib qho yooj yim loj hlob los ntawm cov noob, uas yog ib qho yooj yim mus sau: cia li txiav ob peb spruce cones nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab tuav lawv nyob rau hauv tsev kom txog thaum qhuav tag. Koj tsis tas yuav tev lawv. Thaum qhuav, lub buds yuav qhib rau lawv tus kheej thiab tsim cov noob uas feem ntau muaj germination zoo. Lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv pots nrog calcined dej xuab zeb, tob tob los ntawm 1-1.5 cm. Cov thawv yog muab tso rau sab saum toj txee ntawm lub tub yees rau stratification. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tsim nyog, txij li hauv qhov xwm txheej tag nrho cov noob conifer raug rau qhov txias. Stratification stimulates lub germination ntawm seedlings. Cov noob tsis kho tuaj yeem pw hauv av tau ntau xyoo, tab sis yeej tsis tawg. Cov thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum khaws cia hauv qhov txias rau 3 lub hlis. Tom qab lub sij hawm no, ntim nrog cov noob cog tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ci thiab sov.
Hnub cog
Lub sijhawm sowing zoo tshaj plaws yog thaum xaus lub Kaum Hli - Kaum Ib Hlis. Yog tias koj cog cov noob hauvlub sijhawm no, tom qab ntawd lub thawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub tub yees thaum Lub Ob Hlis-Lub Peb Hlis. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cog qoob loo, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj, nruab hnub nrig nce, thiab tag nrho cov nroj tsuag pib loj hlob.
Lub sijhawm germination ntawm seedlings yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog dav watering, raws li ib tug yuav tsum ua raws li tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob. Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub sij hawm snowmelt, cov av yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog moist. Thaum tshav kub kub thiab av noo yog lub ntsiab mob rau kev ua kom cov nroj tsuag coniferous. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, tus me nyuam spruce yuav tsum sawv. Tias qhov no yog ib tug tiag tiag conifer yog tam sim no tshwm sim: cov koob tshwm ua ntej. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab sib npaug, uas yog, dej cov sprouts ntau npaum li qhov tsim nyog, zam ob qho tib si hauv qab dej thiab dej noo ntau dhau. Ib zaug txhua ob lub lis piam, cov tub ntxhais hluas Christmas yuav tsum tau noj thiab loosened lub topsoil.
Thaum huab cua sov thiab cov te rov qab los, cov yub me me tuaj yeem cog rau hauv av. Ua ntej cog, compost los yog humus tov nrog hauv av thiab ib co complex ntxhia chiv yog ntxiv rau lub qhov ua ntej cog. Ntau tsob ntoo Christmas tsis pub noj. Tom qab muab cov yub tso rau hauv ib lub qhov, cov hauv paus hniav yog ua tib zoo npog nrog av, tamped, spilled nrog dej thiab tsim ib tug me me
tsev ntsuab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npog, zaj duab xis los yog ib lub hub.
Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev nrawm nrawm ntawm cov noob.
Seedlings hauv tsev cog khoom yuav tsum tau tso cua txhua hnub. Lawv yuav tsum tau qhib, condensate tshem tawm thiab cov av noo los xyuas. Tom qab 7-10 hnub ntawm chaw nyob, koj tuaj yeem ua tautshem tawm, thiab mulch cov av ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas kom khaws cov av noo. Raws li txoj cai, spruce seedlings yog zus nyob rau hauv ntim hauv chaw zov me nyuam rau 3-4 xyoos. Txij li thaum tsob ntoo hlob qeeb heev, lub sijhawm zoo li no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev vam meej ntxiv ntawm conifer hu ua spruce. Seedlings ntawm lub hnub nyoog no yog ntau yoog mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, lawv tsis ntshai Frost thiab sunburn. Lawv kuj tau cog nrog ib qho hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus thiab dej zoo.
Spruce ntau yam thiab lawv siv
Zoo li ntau cov conifers, spruce yog qhov zoo nkauj heev. Nws yeej ib txwm ua ib qho khoom dai ntawm Lavxias teb sab vaj tse, vaj thiab chaw ua si. Niaj hnub no, ua tsaug rau ib qho kev xaiv loj, ntau hom spruce ntoo siv hauv vaj paj tsim tsim tau bred. Ib tsob ntoo Christmas, tus kheej cog los ntawm cov noob, yuav tsis tsuas yog kho qhov chaw, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem dhau los ua poj koob yawm txwv ntawm tsev neeg kev coj noj coj ua. Qhov no txoj kev loj hlob spruces los ntawm noob yog haum rau tag nrho cov siab hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li cultivation yog ib tug guarantee ntawm zoo heev adaptation ntawm yub mus rau lub climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm cheeb tsam. Ntawm cov hom uas twb muaj lawm, dwarf spruce attracts tshwj xeeb mloog ntawm toj roob hauv pes tsim. Tsawg-loj hlob ntau yam tsis pub tshaj ib 'meter' nyob rau hauv qhov siab, muaj ib tug dav ntom crown.
Lawv yog qhov zoo rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj vaj paj, pob zeb thiab alpine swb. Ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nrhiav-tom qab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj no yog Nidiformis spruce.
Dwarf forms: description
Nidiformis - ntau yam nrog lub ntsej muag puag ncig thiab lub hauv paus chaw so. Qhov siabtsob ntoo NW nyuam qhuav ncav cuag 1 m, thiab lub crown ncav cuag ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 m. Lub flattened crown yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug zes, vim hais tias lub ntsiab ceg ntawm tsob ntoo yog tsis tuaj, thiab heev heev tua loj hlob kiv cua. Gorgeous luv luv tsaus ntsuab koob, heev ntom thiab tusyees npog cov ceg. Tsob ntoo hlob qeeb heev, ntxiv tsis ntau tshaj 3-4 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab 5-7 cm nyob rau hauv dav ib xyoos twg. Lub herringbone yog undemanding rau cov av, loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv moderately fertile sandstones ntawm ib tug acidity theem, tab sis yuav tuag yog hais tias cov av yog tas li nyob ze ntawm lub hauv paus system. Qhov no spruce, zoo li tag nrho cov ntoo coniferous qis, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm, yog qhov zoo nkauj heev. Thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob qeeb tso cai rau koj txuag tau ib zaug tsim toj roob hauv pes rau ntau xyoo. Nydiformis nyuaj, tab sis cov nroj tsuag hluas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias muaj kev hem thawj ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav frosts.
Evergreen dwarf conifers: kev yug me nyuam
Cov ntawv luv tsis yog hom ntshiab thiab nthuav tawm tsuas yog vegetatively - cuttings thiab layering, tab sis tsis noob.
Qhov tseeb yog tias cov nroj tsuag zoo li no tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau hom conifers, thiab raws li txoj cai, siab zoo tib yam, thiab tsis yog dwarf conifers loj hlob los ntawm lawv cov noob. Cov duab ntawm cov hniav tsis zoo nkauj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob xws li conifer ntawm koj tus kheej, tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev sab laug - mus rau lub khw. Bonsai ntoo feem ntau yog muag hauv ntim. Txoj cai yooj yim thaum yuav qhov kev yuav khoom kim heev no yog kev ntseeg ruaj khov,hais tias lub hauv paus system ntawm yub yog muaj zog, zoo tsim, tsis puas yog mechanically los yog kab tsuag. Thiab ua ntej mus rau tom khw, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov duab ntawm lub kaus mom, nta, qhov loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kev saib xyuas nws.
Ntau hom coniferous khaws cia zoo rau ntau xyoo, tsis hais ntau yam. Cov tsiaj tsis loj tuaj yeem pib muaj lub ntsej muag kheej kheej, thiab dhau sijhawm ua lub khob hliav qab. Txawm li cas los xij, spruce thiab ntoo thuv yog cov ntoo zoo li no uas nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog Russia yam tsis muaj cov ntoo zoo nkauj no.
