Asia yog lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nov yog thaj chaw ntawm qhov sib txawv. Ntawm no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws saum hiav txwv theem - Mount Everest, thiab qis tshaj - Hiav Txwv Tuag. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Asia uas tus dej ntev tshaj plaws, tus Yangtze, ntws. Kuj tseem muaj lub hiav txwv Caspian tshwj xeeb. Nws yog lub pas dej loj. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, Asia yog lub tebchaws uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, muaj 53 lub tebchaws uas muaj ntau haiv neeg, hom lus thiab kab lis kev cai.
thaj chaw, nws yog kev cai faib Asia mus rau sab hnub tuaj, Sab Qab Teb, Central thiab North. Teb chaws Europe xaus qhov twg, North Asia pib?
Russian Asia
Sab qaum teb ntawm Asia sab av loj yog txuam nrog Siberia. Nws yog bounded nyob rau sab hnub poob los ntawm lub roob Ural, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj los ntawm tus dej Kolyma, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb los ntawm lub uplands ntawm lub Kazakh steppes thiab Arctic hiav txwv nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb. Yog li, North Asia yog cov roob ntawm sab qab teb Siberia, thaj chaw Arctic kob, hauv nruab nrab Siberia, sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Siberia thiab sab hnub poob Siberian tiaj.
Geographic nta
Pib los ntawm West Siberian Plainqhov saum npoo ntawm qhov no ntawm cov teb chaws Es Xias yog maj mam nce mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov cheeb tsam yog qaij mus rau sab qaum teb, vim li ntawd cov dej ntws ntawm no nqa lawv cov dej los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb thiab, ib txwm muaj, koom rau hauv lub phiab ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm dej hiav txwv - Arctic Ocean.
Kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov chaw no hnyav heev, los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj nws continentality nce. Nws yog nyob rau hauv North Asia uas tus ncej txias ntawm peb Northern Hemisphere nyob.
Lub xeev ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation kuj hla dhau ib cheeb tsam xws li North Asia. Lub teb chaws uas ciam teb Russia ntawm no yog Kazakhstan (yav tas los Soviet koom pheej), Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia.
North Asia=Siberia
Niaj hnub Siberia yog, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum tau piav qhia saum toj no, thaj chaw ntawm Russia, thaum keeb kwm thaj tsam Siberian txuas ntxiv mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kazakhstan thiab Lavxias Far East.
thaj chaw, North Asia (tsis muaj Far East) muab faib ua:
- Sab Hnub Tuaj: cov koom pheej ntawm Yakutia, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia; cheeb tsam - Amur thiab Irkutsk; Thaj Chaw - Trans-Baikal thiab Krasnoyarsk; Cov cheeb tsam - Kemerovo, Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kurgan thiab Tyumen (nrog Yamalo-Nenets thiab Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs);
- Central Siberia;
- North-Eastern Siberia.
Siberia tau los ua ib feem ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 16th-17th centuries. Niaj hnub no, nws thaj chaw, uas suav tias muaj neeg nyob tsawg, yog lub tsev tsuas yog 19 lab tus tib neeg.
Uniquefeature
Sab qaum teb ntawm Asia nrog cov xwm txheej huab cua zoo li no muaj thaj chaw tshwj xeeb.
thaj chaw no muaj npe nrov rau nws ntau thaj chaw toj roob hauv pes: los ntawm steppes mus rau arctic suab puam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm Siberia yog taiga. Tsis muaj qhov twg hauv Russia nws txuas mus rau sab qaum teb thiab nqis mus rau sab qab teb kub xws li nyob rau sab qaum teb Asia. Hauv qee qhov chaw, qhov dav ntawm thaj tsam taiga siab tshaj 2,000 km.
Ua tsaug rau lub caij ntuj sov sov, cov nroj tsuag taiga zoo siab rau sab qaum teb ntawm Arctic Circle. Lub caij ntuj no, nrog rau qhov ntsuas kub tsawg, tsis tso cai rau cov ntoo ntoo loj hlob, vim tias taiga maj mam nkag mus rau sab qab teb. Ntawm no latitudes, muaj steppes nyob rau hauv Western Siberia, thiab broad-leaved forests nyob rau hauv Eastern Siberia.
tsob ntoo tseem ceeb ntawm North Asia yog larch. Nws tso cov koob rau lub caij txias thiab tiv taus Frost. Ze ze rau ntawm Lake Baikal hauv hav zoov koj tuaj yeem pom Siberian ntoo thuv, nrov npe hu ua cedar.
roob toj siab yog npog nrog cov hav zoov spruce-fir, thiab cov bass qhuav yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv steppe zaub.
Pawg neeg ntawm North Asia
Ntau cov neeg hauv paus txawm thiab pab pawg neeg nyob hauv Siberia.
Buryats
Nov yog ib ceg ntawm haiv neeg Mongolian, cov neeg hauv paus txawm hauv Buryatia, Trans-Baikal Territory thiab thaj tsam Irkutsk. Buryats tau muab faib ua pawg neeg thiab pab pawg, nrog rau raws li kev koom tes ntawm thaj chaw.
Northern Asia yog lub tebchaws ntawm cov neeg teev dab teev mlom, thiab Buryats tsis muaj kev zam. Zoo li Mongolian feem ntauhaiv neeg, pawg neeg Buryat yog ib tug txhawb nqa ntawm lub npe hu ua "kev ntseeg dub" - Tengrim lossis shamanism.
Yakuts
Cov pawg neeg loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb Asia yog Yakuts. Qhov no yog cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Yakutia, lawv hom lus yog ib ceg ntawm pawg Turkic. Txoj hauj lwm tsoos yog kev yug nyuj. Cov Yakuts muaj qhov kev sim tshwj xeeb ntawm kev yug tsiaj nyuj nyob rau sab qaum teb latitudes hauv kev nyab xeeb sab av loj. Tsis muaj kev vam meej tsawg dua yog cov kev paub hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ntses, kev yug tsiaj nees, kev ua haujlwm ua tub rog thiab kev ua tub rog, nrog rau kev lag luam.
Txij thaum immemorial, cov Yakuts raug suav hais tias yog cov me nyuam ntawm Niam Xwm, pe hawm lub polymorphism ntawm Aiyy thiab hwm shamanism. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, North Asia tau ntsib thawj cov neeg Lavxias, thiab kev hloov pauv loj rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv tau pib tsis yog rau cov Yakuts xwb, tab sis kuj rau Chukchi, Evens thiab lwm haiv neeg.
Lub tebchaws thib peb ntawm thaj av Siberian yog Tuvans. Lawv yog cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob hauv Tuva. Hom lus yog Tuvan, uas yog los ntawm pawg Sayan ntawm cov lus Turkic. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Tuvans yog cov neeg ntseeg, tab sis qee qhov chaw muaj kev ntseeg hauv paus txawm, shamanism, tau khaws cia.
Evenki
Los yog txoj kev qub - Tungus. Cov lus Evenki belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm cov lus Altaic, pawg Tungus-Manchu. Ob peb hom lus sawv tawm. Cov haiv neeg tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pab pawg Tungus nrog cov neeg nyob sab hnub tuaj Siberia. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim ntawm haiv neeg tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias niaj hnub no muaj peb pawg uas muaj kev lag luam thiab kab lis kev cai sib txawv: cov neeg nuv ntses,pastoralists thiab reindeer herders.
Altaians
Lub npe nrov rau cov neeg hauv paus txawm hais lus Turkic ntawm Altai. Muaj ob pawg raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm haiv neeg: sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb Altaians.
