Philosophy: keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab philosophy los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau 19th caug xyoo

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:51

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog lub neej ntawm kev ntseeg Lavxias teb sab ntshiab thiab nws lub ntsiab lus txuas ntxiv mus tsis kawg. Ntau thiab ntau qhib, tshiab, txhais ua cov lus niaj hnub no raug tshuaj xyuas. Puas yog cov Slavs muaj kev xav txhua? Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab philosophy pib nrog Ancient Russia, thiab nws lub hnub qub tuaj thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab philosophy

Kev xav hauv tebchaws Russia thaum ub nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv xws li tsis yog, vim Russia yog kev ntseeg tag nrho. Lawv coj Greek thiab Byzantine lub tswv yim thiab txhais ua lus ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov lus ntawm Cyril thiab Methodius, feem ntau yog ib feem uas txuas nrog cov ntseeg Vajtswv, nrog rau cov neeg ntseeg lub neej. Philosophy tuaj ntawm no raws li ib yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus thib ob. Tab sis nws tseem yog. Thiab nws tsis yog ib qho xwm txheej uas ib tug ntawm cov kwv tij uas raug suav hais tias yog enlighteners, Cyril, tau raug hu ua ib tug philosopher. Lub npe no siab heev. Saum nws tsuas yog lub npe ntawm kev ntseeg.

Thawj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj Lavxias tau suav tias yog "Kev Qhia Txog Txoj Cai thiab Kev Hlwb", sau los ntawm Metropolitan Hilarion. "Lo lus" tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev lig kev cai ntawm Byzantine homiletics. Qhov no yog lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauvlub tsev teev ntuj, tshaj lub ntxa ntawm tub huabtais Vladimir, lub Baptist ntawm Russia. Nws pib nrog ib zaj lus piv txwv los ntawm Phau Qub, ces tig mus rau Qhov Tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws li kev coj ncaj ncees txog qhov kev ntseeg tau muab rau Russia feem ntau.

Tau kawg, rau cov neeg Lavxias nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas Byzantium nyob txog thaum nws poob rau xyoo 1453. Txawm hais tias kev sib raug zoo tsis yog nyob ze.

Feem ntau los ntawm qhov xav tau los piav qhia lub ntiaj teb kev txiav txim thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog Vajtswv thiab lub xeev, lub tswv yim tshwm sim hauv Russia. Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab philosophy yog complex.

Cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab philosophy

Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev xav yog qhov nyuaj dua, vim tias cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws Russia feem ntau raug tsim txom, tau kawg, los ntawm tsoomfwv. Nikolai Onufrievich Lossky sau txog qhov no. Keeb Kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Philosophy, nws phau ntawv, qhia tias kev tsim txom tsuas yog xaus rau xyoo 1860. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1909 xwb Lavxias teb sab philosophy "ua pa" nrog lub zog tshiab, thiab txawm tom qab ntawd lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 puas tag nrho cov hauj lwm. Lossky phau ntawv qhia txog tag nrho txoj hauv kev uas Lavxias lub tswv yim tau taug kev. Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Philosophy yog thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws hom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws raug txwv hauv nws lub tebchaws. Nws yog thawj zaug luam tawm ua lus Askiv nyob rau hauv 1951, ces muab txhais ua lwm yam lus, thiab nyob rau hauv Russia nws tsuas yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1991. Tau kawg, muaj cov ntawv luam hauv Lavxias txawm tias ua ntej - cov tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm CPSU, tab sis cov haujlwm ntawm Nikolai Onufrievich tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov neeg zoo tib yam.

Lwm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub ncauj lus no tau sau los ntawm Vasily Vasilyevich Zenkovsky. Nws keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Philosophy tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv ob phau ntawv nyob rau hauv 1948-1950. Thawj lub ntim yog ib daim ntawv qhia kws kho moblub tsev teev ntuj sciences, uas tau ntse tiv thaiv. Phau ntawv no coj nws lub koob meej thoob ntiaj teb, nws tau muab txhais ua lus Askiv tam sim.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Maslin sau phau ntawv "Lub Keeb Kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Philosophy". Maslin yog lub taub hau ntawm pab pawg neeg sau ntawv, uas kuj suav nrog Myslivchenko, Medvedeva, Polyakov, Popov thiab Pustarnakov. Phau ntawv no hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev xav hauv tebchaws los ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th txog rau tam sim no. Maslov hu lub sij hawm ntawm lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv Kievan Rus lub sij hawm ntawm kev xyaum ua haujlwm. Thiab nws qhia txog lub xyoo pua 17th raws li lub sijhawm ntawm kev xav tsis thoob rau kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev zoo nkauj, nrog rau kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb hauv cov teeb meem keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Lavxias.

Lub tswv yim hauv tsev: keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab philosophy ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th

XVIII xyoo pua tau cim los ntawm kev hloov kho. Lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev kav ntawm Peter the Great - lub sijhawm sib ze nrog Western kab lis kev cai, kev hloov pauv loj thiab ua tiav.

Cov neeg sawv cev zoo ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog Antioch Dmitrievich Kantemir, Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev thiab Archbishop Feofan Prokopovich. Lub tom kawg tau sawv rau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb. Cantemir thuam tib neeg thiab kev sib raug zoo. Nws qhia ntau lo lus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab philosophy. Tatishchev yog rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev ntseeg, teem lub hom phiaj ntawm tib neeg los sib npaug ntawm sab ntsuj plig rog. Kev koom tes rau lub tswv yim ntawm Russia ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, yog qhov loj heev. Nws nrhiav tau cov khoom siv hauv Lavxias teb sab.

Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Lavxias Txoj Cai - G. S. Skovoroda

XVIII caug xyoo muabLub ntiaj teb no ntawm lwm tus neeg txawj ntse - Grigory Savvich Skovoroda, Ukrainian yug hauv 1722. Nws yog Ukrainian hero rau hnub no.

Grigory Savvich khaws cia ua neeg phem, ua ib tug mlom hauv ntiaj teb no, tsis tau pib ua tsev neeg. Vladimir Franzevich Ern, kuj yog ib tug neeg txawj ntse Lavxias teb sab, kho Skovoroda cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws sau thiab luam tawm phau ntawv Grigory Skovoroda. Lub Neej thiab Kev Qhia.”

Skovoroda muaj lus qhuab qhia txog peb lub ntiaj teb - lub ntiaj teb loj coenobitic, lossis macrocosm, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias, lub ntiaj teb me me, lossis lub ntiaj teb me - qhov no yog tib neeg, thiab hais txog lub ntiaj teb cim - phau Vajlugkub, rau uas Skovoroda yog heev ambivalent. Nws thiaj cem nws, ces nws hais tias cov duab hauv phau Vajlugkub yog “tsheb nqa cov khoom muaj nqis nyob mus ib txhis.”

Skovoroda sau 33 kev sib tham thiab nqa nrog nws nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab hauv qab nws lub xub pwg nyom, taug kev. Nws raug hu ua Lavxias Socrates.

Nineteenth century

20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th - lub sijhawm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm uas suav tias yog kev xav ua lawv lub neej txoj haujlwm. Cov no yog cov kawm tiav university. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin hu lawv "cov tub ntxhais hluas archival".

”. "Lubomudria" - txhais los ntawm Greek - yog kev xav, kev hlub ntawm kev txawj ntse. Lawv feem ntau nyiam ua si nrog cov ntsiab lus kev xav txawv teb chaws, txhais ua lus Lavxias.

Lubomudry ntseeghais tias nws yog tsim nyog los hloov lub predilection rau Fabkis cov tswv yim (lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub Enlightenment) nrog German idealism, vim hais tias qhov no yog lub tswv yim ntawm tus kheej ntawm tus ntsuj plig, intelligentsia thiab xwm. Lawv tsis quav ntsej txog kev coj noj coj ua, tab sis kawm txog natural sciences, physiology ntawm lub hlwb. Cov neeg txawj ntse xav nrhiav tus ntsuj plig hauv tib neeg lub cev.

Lub voj voog nres nws txoj haujlwm hauv xyoo 1825. Thiab ob txoj kev xav tau tshwm sim - Westerners thiab Slavophiles.