Cov ntaub ntawv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej - npe, nta thiab qhov tseeb nthuav

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:51

tus kws kho mob Hungarian Denes Gabor tau hais tias yav tom ntej tsis tuaj yeem pom, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tsim tau. Thiab cov lus no qhia txog qhov tseeb.

Yav tom ntej hauv kev txhim kho

Kuv paub tseeb tias nej coob leej tau pom 1998 zaj duab xis X-Files: Kev Sib Tw rau yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog ib zaj duab xis fantasy nrog thriller thiab detective ntsiab. Niaj hnub no peb tseem yuav tham txog cov ntaub ntawv uas yog yav tom ntej. Lawv tsis raug cais tawm, tab sis tsis tshua paub txog lawv. Vim tias lawv daim ntawv thov tseem me me. Tab sis dhau sij hawm, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muaj tseeb nce foothold hauv khw thiab siv dav.

Daim ntawv teev cov khoom peb yuav npog hnub no:

Airgel.

pob tshab aluminium.

hlau ua npuas ncauj.

Kev kho tus kheej pob zeb.

YGraphene.

Willow iav.

iav vuas.

khoom tsim los ntawm nceb.

Tam sim no cia peb nyob ntawm lawv txhua tus kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Airgel

Airgel yog cov khoom siv yav tom ntej uas tuaj yeem siv sai sai. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws tau luam tawm rov qab rau xyoo 2013. Txoj kev loj hlob yog lub hlwb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Suav. Qhov no nanomaterial tau rov ua duahais nyob rau hauv Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv. Ua tsaug rau nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Airgel (tshwj xeeb ua lus Lavxias li "frozen air" lossis "frozen smoke") yog lub teeb heev, vim nws lub ntsiab yog huab cua. Translucent, nrog me ntsis bluish tint, nws zoo li ib tug khov shaving ua npuas ncauj. Nws yog 99.8% huab cua, uas ua rau cov hlwb me me uas tuaj yeem pom nrog lub tshuab tsom iav xwb.

Airgel yog tsim los ntawm cov gel zoo tib yam. Tab sis es tsis txhob ua kua, nws muaj roj. Nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ceev (1000 npaug tsawg dua qhov ntom ntawm iav), nws yog qhov ruaj khov heev. Cov qauv Airgel tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau txhiab zaus lawv qhov hnyav. Nws kuj yog ib qho zoo thermal insulator thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw thov.

Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim ua rau nws yuav luag txhua yam. Tab sis airgel yuav pom kev siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho, raws li cov cua sov-insulating, noo noo-pov thawj, cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha.

pob tshab aluminium

Technologies tab tom mus tom ntej - thiab tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim tsis tu ncua hauv xov xwm uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim pob tshab txhuas. Cov khoom siv tshiab tshaj plaws no, uas nyuam qhuav tsim thiab muag raws li ILON hom, muaj txhuas, nitrogen thiab oxygen.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas quartz-oxynitride yog los hloov cov iav iav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem siv tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj no xwb. Cov khoom ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej yog cuam tshuam resistant. Nwsyuav luag tsis yooj yim rau khawb. Tib lub sijhawm, pob tshab txhuas yog ib nrab ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm iav.

Hnub no ALON pib siv. Microsoft twb siv hlau. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm "smart watch". Tej zaum muaj ib hnub cov qauv yuav ua los ntawm quartz-aluminium oxynitride. Tab sis tsuas yog thaum tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no poob. Kev siv nyiaj yav tom ntej yog nyob rau hauv billions tshwj tsis yog tus nqi yuav dhau los ua kev ywj pheej.

hlau ua npuas ncauj

Cov khoom siv hnyav no muaj lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los nres lub mos txwv hauv huab cua thiab tig mus ua hmoov av. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov npuas yuav txawv. Tsis muaj ib qho "daim ntawv qhia". Piv txwv li, dhau roj los ntawm cov hlau molten. Los yog ntxiv hmoov titanium hydride rau molten aluminium.

Hlau ua npuas ncauj yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tam sim no lawv zoo li xav paub, tab sis tsis ntev lawv yuav dhau los ua ib yam dab tsi zoo tib yam thiab paub.

Vim muaj cov hnab ntim huab cua, cov npuas dej muaj cov thermal insulating. Nws tsis nyob hauv dej, nws yooj yim txiav. Qhov no tso cai rau koj siv nws rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Ntxiv mus, nws muaj cov qauv zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj.

Cov khoom muaj suab nrov, tiv taus corrosion thiab tsis yaj txawm tias raug kub heev. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg twb tau ua tiav lawm. Txawm tias qhov kub ntawm 1482 ° C, nws oxidized, tab sis nws lub zog thiab cov qauv tau khaws cia. Qhov kub qis dua tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov pom thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv txhua.

Kev Kho Tus Kheej Kheej

Lub durability ntawm cov qauv tsim thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho lub tsev yog ib txwm tsis ntseeg. Cov neeg tsim kho tsis raug cai thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub tsev tshiab sai heev. Thiab nws txoj kev kho dua tshiab ib txwm xav tau kev siv nyiaj txiag loj.

Cov kws tshawb fawb Dutch tau daws qhov teeb meem no. Lawv tsim cov pob zeb kho tus kheej, uas muaj cov kab mob nyob thiab calcium lactate. Xav txog, pob zeb "patch" nws tus kheej! Lawv ua haujlwm li cas?

Cov kab mob nqus calcium lactate thiab tsim cov limestone. Nws ua rau cov kab nrib pleb thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov pob zeb, uas yuav txuag tau zoo ntawm kev kho yav tom ntej thiab ua kom lub neej ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Qhov bio-concrete no yog tsim los ntawm Henk Jonkers los ntawm Technical University of the Netherlands. Tus kws tshawb fawb thiab nws pab neeg tau siv 3 xyoos los ua qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb no. Henk hais tias nws xaiv cov kab kab mob uas tuaj yeem nyob tau ntau xyoo tsis muaj dej thiab oxygen. Cov kab mob no tau muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav tshwj xeeb. Lawv qhib thiab "tso" cov kab mob thaum dej nkag los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Cov khoom twb tau ua tiav kev sim ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub chaw cawm siav nyob ze ntawm lub pas dej.

Cov khoom no tseem tsis tau siv tam sim no. Thiab lub neej yav tom ntej yog undoubtedly nws.

Graphene

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov khoom no yog lub neej yav tom ntej. Nwsyog ib txheej ntawm carbon 1 atom tuab. Nws yog hu ua cov khoom thinnest nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas graphene tau txais los ntawm kev sib tsoo - cov kws tshawb fawb Andrey Geim thiab Konstantin Novoselov nyuam qhuav muaj kev lom zem. Rau kev lom zem, lawv tau tshuaj xyuas daim kab xev nplaum, uas yog siv los ua cov substrate rau graphite. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kab xev, lawv pib tev tawm cov pa roj carbon txheej los ntawm txheej. Thiab raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tau txais ib txheej zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom tuab. Xyoo 2010, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel rau qhov kev tshawb pom no.

Cov khoom ntawm graphene tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab nws lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Nws yog qhov muaj zog ntau dua li cov hlau, uas yuav ua rau cov khoom siv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tiv taus ntau dua rau kev lees paub. Thiab txawm tias kaum ob lub sij hawm yuav ua kom qhov ceev ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv Internet. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no yuav raug qhuas los ntawm txhua tus neeg siv ntawm kev sib raug zoo.

Graphene yog cov khoom siv yav tom ntej. Ib qhov tseeb nthuav txog nws tau hais tsis ntev los no los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau qhia tias ob-txheej monoatomic graphene tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov khoom siv zoo rau lub cev armor - tawv li pob zeb diamond, tab sis hloov tau.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom no kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Nws tuaj yeem ua mob rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Graphene paug ntawm cov dej saum npoo tuaj yeem ua rau lawv lom.

Txuas ntxiv peb cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv yav tom ntej zoo kawg.

Willow iav

Cov iav no yog muab los ntawm Corning, uas twb yog cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv rau cov xov tooj smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj hu ua Gorilla Glass. Cov iav no paub txog nws qhov cuam tshuam thiab khawb tsis kam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tuam txhab txiav txim siab mus ntxiv thiab tsim cov txheej tshiab - Willow Glass.

Qhov no yog iav, lub thickness uas yog piv rau thickness ntawm A4 ntawv. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog 100 microtons. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws functionality, nws resembles zoo tib yam iav, thiab outwardly nws yog heev zoo li yas. Nrog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv - nws muaj qhov yooj. Willow iav tuaj yeem khoov rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv yam tsis ntshai poob nws cov khoom.

Tej zaum sai sai no lub iav tshwj xeeb no yuav ua haujlwm ua lub vijtsam rau smartphones. Ntxiv nrog rau nws qhov kev hloov pauv zoo kawg nkaus, Willow iav kuj zoo kawg nkaus tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, txog li 500 ° C.

Alas, lub iav tsis muaj lub zog ntawm Gorilla Glass thiab tsis tiv thaiv kom zoo los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

iav tile

Cov pobzeb iav tau tsim los ntawm Swiss lub tuam txhab SolTech Energy. Lub tuam txhab no tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2006. Nws cov kev ua ub no yog tsom rau kev tsim kho tshiab hauv thaj chaw ntawm lwm lub zog thiab lawv muaj rau ntau tus neeg. Undoubtedly, qhov no yog cov khoom ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej.

iav pobzeb tsis yog qhov tshiab, tab sis lub tuam txhab cov neeg ua haujlwm thov kom tau txhim kho nws.

Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev pab cuam yog:

1. Txoj kev. Cov khoom siv tsis yog qis dua rau nws cov khoom siv hlau.
2. Nws qhov loj thiab cov duab raug xaiv raws li nws tuaj yeem siv tau ib nrab nrog cov pobzeb hlau.
3. Kev zoo nkauj. iav npog rau lub ru tsevzoo spectacular thiab blends harmoniously nrog txhua lub tsev tsim.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim heev. Lub hnub rays tau yooj yim dhau los ntawm iav. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tseem nyob ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb uas nqus lub hnub ci zog. Koj tuaj yeem pov tseg lub zog no ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv - siv nws rau cua sov lossis rau daim phiaj fais fab. Cov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj yog ua tiav thaum lub ru tsev tig mus rau sab qab teb.

"Mushroom" tsev

Nws hloov tawm tias nceb yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo heev. Cov neeg Amelikas thawj zaug los txog lub tswv yim no.

Ecovative tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg kawm tiav ntawm lub koom haum Polytechnic. Raws li nws cov founders, Gavin McIntyre thiab Eben Bayer, ntau yam khoom siv tau los ntawm mycelium. Tsis tsuas yog rau kev tsim kho, tab sis kuj yog rau kev tsim cov khau lossis rooj tog. Lub mycelium yog ib pawg ntawm cov xov nyias uas pub cov kab mob nrog cov microelements uas nws xav tau. Nws decomposes cov organic teeb meem hauv av (withered nyom, thiab lwm yam). Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, nws tso tawm cov tshuaj, ua ke nrog cov substrate uas nws loj hlob.

Tsim cov khoom siv los ntawm cov nceb hauv txoj kev hauv qab no: txuas cov mycelium thiab substrate, ntim cov khoom tsim tawm rau hauv cov duab thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus. Tom qab ob peb hnub, mycelium dissolves cov xov, zoo li yog cementing lub substrate. Thaum ziab thiab kho cua sov, mycelium raug tua. Lub substrate npaj txhij rau kev siv. Cov thev naus laus zis yog qhov yooj yim tab sis ingenious, ua cov nceb yog ib yam khoom zoo kawg nkaus rau yav tom ntej.