Txawm tias thaum ub, cov tub rog siv cov kaus mom hlau tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv lawv lub taub hau. Lawv tau nruab nrog legionnaires ntawm Julius Caesar, Scythians, medieval knights nyob teb chaws Europe. Lub kaus mom hlau kuj tau siv dav hauv Kievan Rus, qhov twg nws tau sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom.
Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, kev tiv thaiv lub taub hau thaum sib ntaus sib tua tsis yog hu ua lub kaus mom hlau. Lub npe no tsis siv niaj hnub no. Cov kaus mom hlau niaj hnub no paub rau cov neeg siv khoom raws li lub kaus mom tawv. Cov tub rog ua rau feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov neeg siv ntawm hom headgear no. Ntxiv rau lawv, cov neeg ua haujlwm mines, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho, tub ceev xwm, cov neeg tua hluav taws thiab cov neeg koom nrog kev ua kis las hnyav siv kaus mom hlau.
lub tswv yim ntawm " kaus mom hlau " tuaj txog li cas?
Lub taub hau tshwj xeeb tsim los tiv thaiv tus tub rog lub taub hau thaum sib ntaus sib tua yog thawj zaug hu ua kaus mom hlau. Txij li thaum nws yog ib qho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab tseem ua los ntawm cov hlau, nws tau suav nrog hauv cov qauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub npe nom "steel kaus mom hlau" los ntawm cov tub rog hais kom ua thiab lees paub.ib qho khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej zoo rau tus neeg tua rog.
Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau hom tub rog thiab kev txhim kho cov khoom siv tub rog, cov kaus mom hlau tau pib ua kom zoo dua qub. Cov khoom muaj ib tug domed puab. Hlau tau siv los ua lawv. Tab sis keeb kwm paub cov qauv ua los ntawm kev xav thiab tawv, cov khoom tiv thaiv uas tau muab los ntawm ntau cov hlau txuas nrog rau lawv. Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau no, lub taub hau tau txuam nrog hlau. Thaum lub sij hawm, lo lus yooj yim dua "helmet" tshwm nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, uas nyob rau hauv Latin txhais tau tias "hlau kaus mom hlau."
Cov cuab yeej ntawm kaus mom hlau
Cov kaus mom hlau ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo ib txwm yog qhov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los, uas tau kawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab daim ntawv ntawm cov tub rog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej, dav siv rau ntau tshaj ib txhiab xyoo. Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb qhia tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub kaus mom hlau tiv thaiv tseem tsis tau hloov pauv rau ntau pua xyoo. Cov kev hloov cuam tshuam tsuas yog daim ntawv. Nws nyob ntawm kev tsim riam phom thiab riam phom puas tsuaj, los ntawm qhov nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv.
Hlau tau siv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov kaus mom hlau. Cov no yog cov ntawv nyias ntawm tooj liab lossis tooj liab, uas dhau sijhawm tau hloov los ntawm cov hlau lossis hlau. Nws yog cov kaus mom hlau ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau uas tau siv los ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm lub ntiaj teb kom txog rau thaum 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog kaus mom hlau tau pib ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub xws li titanium, kevlar, ntaub polymers, titanium-aluminium compounds.
Internalcov cuab yeej ntawm lub kaus mom hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib qho tawv tshwj xeeb, fastened nrog rivets nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj voog nyob rau hauv qis sab hauv ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no ntawm lub kaus mom hlau hu ua "tuleika". Nws ceg tawm nrog kev pab ntawm slots rau hauv ob peb petals txuas nrog ib txoj hlua. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tuleika thiab petals ua:
- kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub kaus mom hlau ntawm lub taub hau;
- tiv thaiv lub taub hau nrog cov ntawv hlau ntawm lub kaus mom hlau;
- txo qis kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom tawg thiab pob zeb ntawm sab nrauv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau.
Cov kaus mom tub rog niaj hnub no yooj yim dua thiab nyab xeeb dua rau cov tub rog, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov npuas npuas ntxiv los yog cov ntaub tawv tawv txuas nrog rau lawv.
Fashion Influence
Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li lub sijhawm ntawm legionnaires ntawm Julius Caesar mus rau European knights ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov kaus mom hlau tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog. Kev ua tub rog ntawm cov xyoo ntawd tau ua tiav nrog kev siv zog, thiab qhov kev thov rau kev tiv thaiv headgear yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Tab sis dhau sij hawm, kaus mom hlau pib ua kom zoo nkauj. Muaj kev zam rau cov kaus mom zoo nkauj. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg tau ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Cov kaus mom hlau tau hloov los ntawm cov kaus mom feathered, shakos thiab lub kaus mom peaked nrog zoo nkauj lacquered visors.
French kaus mom hlau
Kev ua tub rog hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib yog ntawm tus cwj pwm trench. Lub taub hau ntawm cov tub rog uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tau ua lub hom phiaj. Kev txav tsis tu ncua raws lub trench raug mob hnyav lossis tuag. Ib lub taub hau uas tsis tau npog yog qhov chaw tsis muaj zog rau rab phom los yog rab phom tshuab hluav taws xob, rau shrapnel thiab av mines. Thawj thawj zaug hauv cov xyoo norov nco txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov kaus mom hlau. Txog lub sijhawm no, zam lub kaus mom zoo nkauj thiab shakos tau dhau mus, thiab cov kaus mom hlau rov qab los rau kev pabcuam.
Cov tub rog Fab Kis yog thawj zaug uas tau nruab nrog cov qauv tshiab thiab qib siab dua. Fabkis cov khoom muaj peb yam: lub kaus mom, lub tiab thiab zuag. "Adriana" yog lub npe raug muab rau cov kaus mom hlau no. Txij li thaum xyoo 1915, cov tub rog Fab Kis tau nruab nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv no, uas txo qis cov tub rog tub rog poob qis. Kev tuag tau txo los ntawm 13% thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug mob txo los ntawm 30%. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, Fabkis cov kaus mom hlau tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Askiv, Russia, Ltalis, Romania thiab Portugal.
English kaus mom hlau
Cov thawj coj tub rog ntawm Askiv tsis txaus siab rau Fabkis lub kaus mom hlau "Adrian". Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim lawv tus kheej version ntawm cov tub rog kaus mom hlau. Tus tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo li no yog John Leopold Brodie, uas tau coj los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub caij nyoog Capellin lub kaus mom, dav siv los ntawm cov tub rog los ntawm lub kaum ib txog rau lub xyoo pua thib kaum. Lub kaus mom hlau tau hu ua "thawj kev hloov kho lub kaus mom hlau" thiab yog ib qho khoom lag luam stamped nrog dav brim.
Daim ntawv kaus mom hlau no yooj yim heev rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, vim cov teb tsim cov kaus mom rau cov tub rog, tiv thaiv lawv ntawm cov khoom tawg los ntawm saum toj. Tab sis tus qauv no tsis yooj yim thaum nws tsim nyog los tawm tsam, txij li nws tsaws ntawm lub taub hau tau ua tiav siab heev thiab tsis tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm lub cev thiab occipital txhua.qhov chaw ntawm lub taub hau. Tab sis, txawm tias qhov tsis txaus no, lub kaus mom Askiv Brodie tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Canada, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Australia.
German version ntawm lub kaus mom hlau
Tsis zoo li lwm lub tebchaws, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees txog xyoo 1916 tsis tau siv nyiaj rau kev tsim khoom, raws li nws cov kws tshaj lij, cov kaus mom hlau tsis zoo, qib qis. Nws cov kws tua phom hauv Hannover tau koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom zoo tiag tiag. Xyoo 1916, lub teb chaws Yelemees pom lub npe nrov Stahihelm kaus mom hlau, uas tom qab ntawd los ua lub cim ntawm cov tub rog German, raws li nws tau siv nyob rau hauv ob lub ntiaj teb tsov rog.
Lub kaus mom hlau German tau zoo dua hauv kev nplij siab thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov qauv Fabkis thiab Askiv. Ib qho qauv tsim tshwj xeeb hauv Stahihelm kaus mom hlau yog qhov muaj cov hlau horns nyob rau hauv lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Lawv tau ua ntau yam haujlwm:
- muab npog rau lub kaus mom hlau vents;
- tau nrawm ib daim thaiv npog tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv lub taub hau ntawm cov tub rog German los ntawm kev ntaus ncaj qha los ntawm rab phom thiab rab phom tshuab.
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv kev tsim thiab daim ntawv, German version ntawm lub kaus mom hlau tsis tau lees paub qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Txawm hais tias cov kaus mom hlau tiv thaiv cov mos txwv ncaj nraim, lawv tsis ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tub rog lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae. Lub tshuab thaum ntaus lub kaus mom hlau muaj lub zog loj uas lub ncauj tsev menyuam raug mob. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, coj mus rau ib tug tuag taus tshwm sim. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov noQhov xwm txheej tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub kaus mom hlau nws tus kheej ua siab ntev tiv thaiv lub zog ntawm kev sib tsoo thaum lub sij hawm ncaj qha hits.
tub rog Soviet qauv
Rau kev tsim cov kaus mom hlau hauv USSR alloyed armor steel tau siv. Tus qauv Soviet hu ua SSH-39 thiab yog ib yam khoom hnyav 1.25 kg. Cov phab ntsa muaj qhov tuab ntawm 1.9 hli. Lub kaus mom hlau tau sim tus kheej los ntawm S. M. Budyonny thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Tus qauv Soviet muaj peev xwm tiv taus ncaj qha los ntawm qhov deb ntawm kaum meters los ntawm Nagant revolver mos txwv.
Hauv xyoo 1940, SSH-39 tau hloov kho tshiab. Tuleika tau nruab nrog cov hlua ntxiv, nets thiab hauv ob sab phlu. SSH-40 - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm lub kaus mom hlau txhim kho. Cov kev hloov pauv tom ntej thiab kev tsim kho tshiab tau ua rau xyoo 1954 thiab 1960. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kaus mom hlau tshiab SSH-54 thiab SSH-60, qhov kev hloov pauv uas cuam tshuam rau lub plhaub xwb. Tus tsim nws tus kheej tseem tsis tau hloov txij li xyoo 1939.
Txhim kho SSH qauv
Kev hloov kho tseem ceeb ntawm SSH-39 tau tsim xyoo 1968. Daim ntawv uas lub kaus mom hlau muaj nyob rau hauv kev hloov kho tshiab. Cov tub rog Lavxias tus qauv tam sim no muaj kev nce siab ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej ntawm lub dome thiab luv sab nraud-kho sab. Rau nws kev tsim khoom, ib qho armored alloy nrog lub zog ntau dua tau siv. Txoj kab nqes ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej tau nce qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau thaum muaj shrapnel hits.
Tuam Tshoj, North Kauslim, Lavxias Federation, Is Nrias teb thiab Nyab Laj siv lub kaus mom hlau zoo sib xws rau cov neeg ua haujlwm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Ib tugCov kaus mom hlau tub rog siv tau zoo tshaj plaws siv los ntawm Lavxias kev ruaj ntseg yog:
- Ssh-68 M tsim rau cov tub rog sab hauv;
- SSh-68 N yog siv los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias Federation.
Ob txoj kev xaiv muaj tuleys niaj hnub. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov kaus mom hlau hnyav txog li ob kilograms, lawv ua tau raws li thawj chav kawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv, raws li lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov mos txwv ncaj qha los ntawm ib rab yaj phom Makarov thiab tawg tawg nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev ntawm 400 m / s, qhov loj ntawm uas tsis. tshaj ib gram.
Modern Russian kaus mom hlau
Shtsh-81 "Sphere" kaus mom hlau, txij li xyoo 1981, thiab rau hnub no yog siv los ntawm cov tub rog sab hauv ntawm Lavxias.
Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm nws lub cev, muab titanium phaj tuab 0.3 cm. Lub kaus mom hnyav 2.3 kg thiab tsuas yog siv los tiv thaiv kev raug mob ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab. Teb rau cov chav kawm thib ob, vim nws tsis lav tiv thaiv phom. Cov qauv ntawm lub dome muaj peb yam armored, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb rooj plaub.
Lub kaus mom "Sphere" muaj "Sphere-P" hloov kho, uas cov titanium armor daim hlau tau hloov nrog cov hlau, uas ua rau qhov hnyav ntawm tus qauv (3.5 kg). Qhov tsis zoo hauv kev tsim qauv yog qhov tsis muaj nws txoj kev ncaj ncees. Kev puas hlwb raug mob yog ua tau. Tshwj xeeb npog nrog armored titanium los yog steel ntsiab hnav sai sai. Qhov no ua rau lawv hloov chaw thiab txo qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm lub kaus mom hlau.
Yuav ua li cas ua tub rog kaus mom hlau?
Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum tau txais qhov tsim nyogcov ntaub ntawv. Cov kauj ruam thib ob yog ua ib daim duab kos raws li cov tub rog lub kaus mom hlau yuav raug tsim. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los ua nws nrog koj tus kheej tes. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yog tias lub kaus mom hlau yuav muaj cov duab kheej kheej. Qhov no yuav txo tau lub zog puas tsuaj ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Ib lub hauv ob sab phlu zoo yuav pab nqus nws lossis txo qis.
Lub hauv paus rau lub kaus mom hlau tuaj yeem yog qhov khoob uas ua los ntawm cov ntoo lossis cov menyuam yaus lub pob kho nrog gypsum binders thiab epoxy resins nrog hardener. Tom qab lub plaster tau hardened, lub thav duab yog npaj txhij, thiab qhov seem yuav raug tshem tawm.
Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm uas lub kaus mom hlau ua tau yog txhawm rau rov faib qhov cuam tshuam thoob plaws nws thaj chaw. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv rau lub plhaub sab nrauv yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab thiab toughness. Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Nws lub zog tensile yog 5kg / cm2, uas ua rau nws zoo heev ntawm absorbing poob siab. Koj tuaj yeem siv fiberglass, uas yog glued nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej rau saum npoo ntawm lub kaus mom hlau thiab coated nrog epoxy. Tom qab cov resin tau hardened, qhov tshaj yog muab tshem tawm nrog ib tug spatula, thiab cov seem fiberglass yog txiav tawm nrog ib tug riam.
Sab hauv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau yuav tsum muaj cov npuas npuas txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Lawv txuas nrog kua nplaum. Nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov no tom qab ua tib zoo haum. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj qhov khoob nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau, cov npuas npuas yuav tsum tsis txhob tso siab rau thaj tsam ntawm lub cev.
Blocks nyob rau hauv lub occipital thiab frontal qhov chaw yog glued kawg. Lawv tiv thaiv tau qhov kev hloov ntawm lub kaus mom hlau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Yog hais tias muaj voids nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom hlau, lawv tau ntim nrog daim ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Ua ntej koj pib pastingsab hauv, mounted nrog screws thiab washers tshwj xeeb fastening straps.
Qhov kawg kov yuav pleev xim rau lub kaus mom hauv tsev. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv aerosol nitro xim lossis nitro enamel. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau kho nrog lub tsheb nitro primer.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kaus mom hauv tsev yog qhov tsis muaj cua sov hloov thiab xa suab tsis zoo.
Ua ntej koj pib, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub kaus mom hlau tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub taub hau, nws tsuas yog softens lub tshuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub zog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog kwv yees li 25 J. Qhov no yog qhov txwv ntawm tib neeg endurance, tshaj nws hem kom tsis nco qab thiab qhov tshwm sim loj dua.
