Loaches raug faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tab sis tsis sib xws. Muaj lawv nyob hauv Central Asia, Europe (tshwj tsis yog North), Africa thiab Southeast Asia. Loaches tsis pom nyob rau hauv Australia, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Americas, nyob rau hauv tus dej ntawm lub Arctic dej hiav txwv phiab. Muaj tseeb tiag, cov tsiaj tau hloov pauv tas li, thiab qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
Cov ntses dej ntshiab ntawm Russia tau piav qhia meej los ntawm tus kws kho tsiaj nto moo thiab cov neeg nyiam ntawm xyoo pua 19 LP. Sabaneev. Peb paub txog tus cwj pwm, kev ua neej thiab qee qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm loaches los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.
Kev faib tawm
Loaches yog ib qho kev txiav txim loj ntawm cyprinids. Nyob rau hauv lem, tsev neeg tau muab faib ua peb subfamilies: loach-zoo li, loach-zoo li thiab boci-zoo li. Cov loaches lawv tus kheej raug xa mus rau loaches, suav nrog feem ntau hauv peb lub teb chaws - cov loach ntau, nrog rau loaches. Muaj txog 15 genera ntawm goltsopodobnye; no subfamily qhia qhov loj tshaj "broadth ntawm views": ib co neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg neegnyiam dej txias ceev-kawg roob, lwm tus (dig muag loaches) nyiam stagnant qhov tsua dej.
Botsia-zoo li loaches muaj thoob plaws hauv Thaib teb, Indonesia, Nyab Laj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws no uas cov neeg sawv cev qub tshaj plaws ntawm loaches tau pom. Nkoj thiab leptobots tau muab rau Tebchaws Europe ua cov ntses thoob dej yug ntses. Lub npe nrov clown belongs rau genus Botsiev, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv txhua lub khw muag tsiaj. Feem ntau, tsev neeg loach tsis muaj ntau heev, tab sis cov kws kho mob ichthyologists tseem nrhiav tau hom tshiab rau hnub no.
yam ntxwv dav dav
Loaches nyob thiab pub rau hauv qab. Qhov no feature txiav txim siab qhov tsos ntawm loaches: tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg muaj ib tug elongated lub cev, squared los yog ribbon-zoo li, tej zaum ib tug me ntsis flattened taub hau. Loach lub qhov ncauj nyob hauv qab no. Lub dorsal fin yog luv. Cov nplai yog feem ntau me me thiab ua tib zoo npog nrog cov hnoos qeev, uas tiv thaiv loach lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau txhua yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov ntses liab qab. Qhov muag me me. Hauv qee hom, lawv tau npog nrog daim tawv nqaij pob tshab (dua, kev tiv thaiv). Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg yog antennae. Lawv tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 6 khub. Lub qhov ntswg ntawm loaches yog elongated hlab. Loaches thiab bots muaj retractable hauv qab-qhov muag spikes. Ib tug prick ntawm xws li ib tug pos tuaj yeem ua rau mob. Cov kab mob hauv qab yog qhov ntsuas tau zoo tiv thaiv cov noog ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg.
Cov ntses ntawm tsev neeg loach tsis nyiam lub teeb ci ntsa iab thiab qhib kom ze rau hmo ntuj. Feem ntau, loaches tsis ua haujlwm thiab zais cia (qhov no tsis siv rau qee qhov kev sib ntaus). Ntau tus tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg nyiamfaus rau hauv av los yog xuab zeb. Nyob ntawd lawv tsis tsuas yog tua me me crustaceans thiab larvae, tab sis tseem tos lub sijhawm phem - piv txwv li, drought.
Qhov no yog qhov Misgurnus fossilis, lossis loach, zoo li. Daim duab muab lub tswv yim zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tactile whiskers:
Misgurnus fossilis, uas nyob hauv silted reservoirs thiab swampy dej nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, yog cov neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg. Sabaneev tau sau tias cov neeg nuv ntses Lavxias feem ntau tsis saib xyuas nws vim nws qhov loj me (txog 25 cm), txawm hais tias nyob hauv qee lub xeev (piv txwv li, Minsk), loach tau nrov ua cov khoom noj qab thiab yooj yim rau cov ntses kua zaub. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws yog kev cai rau boil nws nyob rau hauv npias los yog vinegar. Thiab loaches tau qhuav rau lub caij ntuj no.
Qhov tseeb, lub loach tsis yog ntiav xwb, tab sis kuj tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus nyiam: nws tau npog nrog hnoos qeev thiab, thaum rub tawm hauv dej, wriggles thiab squeaks furiously. Tag nrho cov ntses ntawm tsev neeg loach muaj peev xwm ua tsis taus pa atmospheric cua, noj nws nyob rau hauv lawv lub qhov ncauj thiab hla nws los ntawm txoj hnyuv tom qab. Cov tom kawg yog ib qho chaw ua pa. Thaum huab cua tawm los, ib lub suab tshwj xeeb tau hnov, zoo ib yam li squeak. Ua tsaug rau txoj hnyuv ua pa, loaches yog qhov nyuaj heev: lawv tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau ntau tshaj li ib lub lim tiam hauv lub thoob dej stale yog tias nws npog nrog quav nyab. Yog li ntawd, loaches feem ntau khaws cia rau yav tom ntej siv los ua cov ntses loj: catfish, burbot, pike, eel.
Ntxhais Ntxias
Tau tiag tiag loach tiagcua: nws cov nqaij yog mos, fatty thiab sai sai siav. Neeg Esxias (Japanese thiab Indonesians) tsis tsuas yog sau, tab sis txawm yug ib co hom loaches rau zaub mov. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, loaches thiab loaches raug ntes nrog ib txoj kab (lub caij ntuj sov) thiab ntxiab (thaum lub caij ntuj no). Loach tsev neeg ntses nyiam cov zaub mov: me me crustaceans, caddis larvae, caviar, worms thiab mollusks. Los ntawm txoj kev, loach ua haujlwm zoo nrog yoov tshaj cum (lossis, nrog lawv cov larvae): yog tias koj khawb ib lub pas dej hauv koj lub tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab populate nrog loaches, koj yuav tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kab kab.
Thiab thaum kawg, loach tau dav siv los ua tus ntsuas ntsuas. Nws yog rhiab heev rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv atmospheric siab: nws ntab mus rau saum npoo, protrudes los ntawm dej thiab, feem ntau, behaves restlessly, uas yog tsis zoo rau nws. Vyun tuaj yeem "predict" av qeeg.
Kab txawv loaches hauv aquarium hobby
Nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, nws tau dhau los ua fashionable kom khaws ntses hauv tsev, npaj kev nthuav qhia thiab qhia txog kev paub. Cov neeg peasants ntes tau ntses dej zoo tib yam thiab xa lawv ciaj sia mus rau Moscow thiab St. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li koj paub, cov ntses dej qab zib hauv Russia muaj tsawg tus lej. Aquarists xav tau ntau yam. Yog li ntawd muaj kev thov rau cov ntses kab txawv. Tab sis cov neeg Esxias loaches tshwm nyob rau hauv Russia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Thawj yog acanthophthalmuses (lub tsev neeg zoo li loach) thiab bots (bots-zoo li subfamily). Zoo li lawv cov txheeb ze nyob sab Europe, "Asians" yog qhov txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov ntses hauv qab. Nws qhov txawv tshaj plaws yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm daj thiab dub (grey) me ntsis lossisbands.
Ntawm no yog ib qho acanthophthalmus, ib kab zoo li kab txaij loach. Daim duab tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tag nrho cov cim ntawm loaches (variegated xim, mustache, lub cev zoo, luv dorsal fin) yog pov thawj:
Botsia the clown
Cov ntses nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg loach yog clown loach (tseem muaj npe rau nws qhov ci, "peppy" striped coloration thiab agile nature). Lub teb chaws ntawm cov ntses no yog cov Islands tuaj ntawm Kalimantan thiab Sumatra. Lub cev ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam tsis xav txog luv luv, compact rau lub loach, torpedo-puab, nrog daim duab peb sab reddish fins. Feem ntau nws qhov ntev tsis ntau tshaj 17 cm. Outwardly, clowns zoo li South American catfish-txoj kev hauv tsev - vim lub neej zoo sib xws.
Cov bots no muaj cov kav hlau txais xov thiab lub qhov muag tsis pom kev, lawv muaj txhua yam, zoo siab thiab kaj siab lug. Txawm hais tias cov ntses no kuj muaj peev xwm ua rau txoj hnyuv ua pa, lawv nyob ntawm qhov purity ntawm cov dej thiab nws cov saturation nrog oxygen dua li European loaches. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tuaj yeem daws nrog thaj chaw, cov ntses txhoj puab heev (piv txwv li, cichlids) thiab kho nrog tooj liab npaj. Tab sis feem ntau, lub clown loach yog ib qho ntses uas tsis paub.
