Moscow-Beijing high-speed railway: kev tsim kho, txheej txheem, qhov project thiab qhov chaw nyob hauv daim ntawv qhia

Cov txheej txheem:

Moscow-Beijing high-speed railway: kev tsim kho, txheej txheem, qhov project thiab qhov chaw nyob hauv daim ntawv qhia
Moscow-Beijing high-speed railway: kev tsim kho, txheej txheem, qhov project thiab qhov chaw nyob hauv daim ntawv qhia

Video: Moscow-Beijing high-speed railway: kev tsim kho, txheej txheem, qhov project thiab qhov chaw nyob hauv daim ntawv qhia

Video: Moscow-Beijing high-speed railway: kev tsim kho, txheej txheem, qhov project thiab qhov chaw nyob hauv daim ntawv qhia
Video: FAZI 发子 (China) Gardens of Perfect Brightness + The East Is Red - Mp3 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Tsis ntev, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Moscow-Beijing yuav txuas ob lub xeev, Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia. Tus nqi ua ntej ntawm qhov project yog kwv yees li ntawm 1.5 trillion yuan, lossis $ 242 billion. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev yuav yog 7 txhiab kilometers. Lub sij hawm taug kev los ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov yuav yog 2 hnub, thiab txoj kev nws tus kheej yuav raug muab tso rau ntawm thaj chaw Kazakhstan.

Lub sijhawm taug kev tsawg kawg

high-ceev railway moscow beijing
high-ceev railway moscow beijing

Hnub no, Tuam Tshoj nquag muab nws cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv kev tsim kho tsheb ciav hlau thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm no yuav tsum yog Moscow-Beijing high-speed railway. Cov xov xwm tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb sai heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm Asmeskas, Europe thiab Russia, ua ke nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Ukraine thiab Russia txoj kev sim ua kom rov zoo los ntawm kev poob zoo ntawm kev lag luam roj thoob ntiaj teb. Lub Kaum Hli 2014, nruab nrab ntawm Tuam Tshoj Railway Construction Corporation thiab Ministry of Transport ntawm Lavxias Federation, Lavxias Railways thiabTuam Tshoj Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho thiab Kev Hloov Kho tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus kev nkag siab hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev kub ceev tsheb ciav hlau. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog los tsim ib qhov project rau Eurasian High-Speed Transport Corridor, uas yuav suav nrog txoj kev loj Moscow-Kazan.

History of the idea

Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau siab ceev Moscow-Beijing tau muaj nyob rau theem ntawm lub tswv yim rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov project yuav tsum yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj lub siab xav mus los ntawm huab cua. Kev hloov ntawm lub tswv yim mus rau theem ntawm qhov project tau ua tiav tshwm sim tawm tsam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev yuav khoom hauv Asmeskas, kev xa khoom uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij sai li sai tau. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev yuav tsum muab cov teb chaws xws li Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia nrog kev sib tw zoo hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li hais saum toj no, raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Railways, Moscow-Beijing high-speed railway yuav raug nqi rau lub teb chaws 7 trillion rubles. Cov neeg koom tes hauv Suav teb tau npaj los nqis peev hauv kev tsim kho txoj kev ib qho nyiaj sib npaug rau 4 trillion rubles, tag nrho lwm cov nuj nqis yuav raug muab rau cov peev nyiaj Lavxias. Niaj hnub no, kev sib tham tseem tab tom npaj los faib nyiaj rau kev tsim kho txoj hauv kev raws Moscow-Kazan txoj kev uas yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb.

Kev ncua kev tsim kho yog dab tsi?

kev nthuav dav moscow beijing
kev nthuav dav moscow beijing

Lub sijhawm uas txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Moscow-Beijing yuav pib tsim yog tseem tsis paub. Qhov no yog vim qhov kev daws teeb meem ntev ntawm cov teeb meem nyiaj txiag. Xav txog qhov xwm txheej tam sim nonyob rau hauv Russia, txawm tias lub fact tias Tuam Tshoj yog npaj txhij los mus rau feem ntau ntawm cov nqi, lub teb chaws tsuas yog tsis npaj kom muaj xws li ib tug loj nyiaj txiag nqi. 3 trillion rubles yog lub peev tsis muaj peev xwm rau lub xeev niaj hnub no. Nws yog qhov muaj feem ntau uas cov tub ua lag luam ntiag tug yuav nyiam rau qhov project.

Cov ntsiab lus txheej txheem thiab kev txiav txim siab ua ntej

Cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm ntawm Lub Sijhawm Beijing, hais txog kev sib tham nquag ntawm kev tsim kho kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm cov tebchaws. Thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev siv qhov project yuav tsum yog txoj kev los ntawm Moscow mus rau Kazan. Nws tau npaj yuav pib txoj hauv kev hauv Beijing, tom qab ntawd txoj kev yuav hla lub nroog xws li Khabarovsk thiab Ulan Bator, Irkutsk thiab Astana, Yekaterinburg. Moscow yuav yog qhov chaw kawg. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ua tiav yuav ntev peb zaug dua li txoj kab kev kub ceev tam sim no ntawm Beijing thiab Guangzhou. Lub sij hawm mus txawv tebchaws ntawm cov nroog tom qab ua tiav qhov project yuav tsis yog rau hnub, tab sis tsuas yog ob. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog ob lub tsheb ciav hlau khiav ntawm lub nroog ntawm ob lub xeev thaum lub asthiv. Txoj kev tau qhib rau xyoo 1954. Trans-Siberian Railway yog suav tias yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws stretches los ntawm Moscow mus rau Vladivostok. Nws hla 400 chaw nres tsheb thiab yog 9,288 mais ntev.

Thawj qhov nyuaj thiab thawj cov kauj ruam

high-speed tsheb ciav hlau
high-speed tsheb ciav hlau

Lub tsheb ciav hlau ceev hauv Beijing-Moscow tsis zoo li yuav nkag mus rau nws txoj kev nyob ze yav tom ntej. Raws li tau hais los saum no, thawj theemQhov project, uas yav tom ntej yuav txuas rau thaj chaw ntawm ob lub xeev, yuav tsum yog txoj kev Moscow-Kazan, tus nqi ua ntej uas tau dhau los ua siab dhau rau Russia. Txhawm rau nyiam cov tub ua lag luam, Gazprombank tau tuav txoj kev qhia muaj nqis 1.06 trillion rubles hauv nroog xws li Beijing thiab Singapore, Hong Kong thiab Shanghai. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej, ntau lub rooj sib tham nrog cov neeg koom tes thoob ntiaj teb tau tshwm sim:

  • Ma 14 - in Singapore.
  • May 15 - hauv Shanghai.
  • May 16 - in Beijing.

Nyob rau yav tom ntej, kev mus ntsib Gazprom Bank cov neeg sawv cev rau Taipei, lub peev ntawm Taiwan, raug txiav txim siab. Raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias Railways, cov rooj sib tham nrog cov neeg ua lag luam Asian tau npaj rau ntau lub hlis. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los koom nrog East hauv kev koom tes vim yog kev nplua loj heev los ntawm sab hnub poob. Ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm Pronedra tau hais tias txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Moscow-Beijing yuav tsis tsim nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Kev siv thawj feem ntawm qhov project, HSR ntawm Moscow thiab Kazan, yuav raug ncua mus rau 2020. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias Lavxias teb sab Railways tseem tsis tau tswj kom nrhiav tau ib tug investor.

Thawj theem ntawm kev siv qhov project

Lub xeev pob nyiaj siv ntawm lub tebchaws thiab Lavxias Railways npaj yuav faib 191.9 billion rubles rau thawj theem ntawm txoj haujlwm. Lwm ntu ntawm txoj kev, xws li Vladimir-Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod-Cheboksary, Cheboksary-Kazan, tau npaj los tsim los ntawm kev cog lus. Nov yog qhov Ministry of Transport tau tshaj tawm rau Lub Ib Hlis 29, 2015. Thawj zaug, cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm uastxoj kev nthuav dav, kawm tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm 2015. Txoj kev tshiab yuav khiav mus rau lub M-7 tseem fwv txoj kev loj, hu ua Volga. Lub tsheb ciav hlau yuav nres. Tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv Vladimir chaw nres tsheb yuav nyob rau hauv Sukhodol.

Cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam hais li cas?

high-speed railway moscow beijing ntawm daim ntawv qhia
high-speed railway moscow beijing ntawm daim ntawv qhia

Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau siab ceev Moscow-Beijing, ntawm daim ntawv qhia, uas yuav dhau los ntawm ib feem loj ntawm thaj chaw, ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov neeg uas yuav tau nyob ib sab ntawm nws. Muaj cov neeg uas txhawj xeeb txog kev puas tsuaj uas yuav cuam tshuam rau thaj av, hav zoov thiab tsim tso. Cov tub ceev xwm tau tshaj tawm tias ntawm txhua qhov chaw uas yuav tsim kho, txhua yam haujlwm yuav raug pom zoo ua ntej nrog cov pej xeem. Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais tias yog tias nrhiav tau tus neeg txhawb nqa, HSR yuav qhib rau xyoo 2018. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm txoj kev yuav yog 400 kilometers ib teev, uas yuav txo tau txoj kev taug kev los ntawm Moscow mus rau Kazan los ntawm 11 teev mus rau 3.5 teev.

Txoj kev ntawm ob tog

Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Moscow-Beijing kev kub ceev, cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov theoretically txaus nyiam thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig, raws li kev npaj ua ntej, yuav tsum pib ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 2018 txog 2020. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, Suav teb tau lees paub los muab nws cov thev naus laus zis rau kev ua tiav ntawm qhov project. Lub teb chaws tau npaj txhij los ua lub luag haujlwm tag nrho rau kev npaj thiab kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv kev sib pauv rau kev pab loj, Tuam Tshoj yog npaj los txais kev pab lub zog los ntawm Russia.

high-speed railway moscow beijing scheme
high-speed railway moscow beijing scheme

Txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, 2014, nws tau npaj los tsim cov xwm txheej raws li cov tuam txhab Suav yuav tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv qhov project. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog seb puas muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov kev pom zoo tseem muab zais los ntawm pej xeem. Txoj cai los tsim txoj kev loj Moscow-Kazan tau yeej los ntawm Lavxias-Suav koom tes tswj hwm los ntawm Mostgiprotrans OJSC nrog kev koom tes ntawm Nizhegorodmetroproekt OJSC thiab CREEC (Tuam Tshoj Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd.). Tus nqi cog lus rau pawg haujlwm no yog sib npaug rau 20 billion rubles, tab sis tsis suav nrog VAT.

Tus kws tshuaj ntsuam txog qhov project

high-speed railway moscow beijing project
high-speed railway moscow beijing project

Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Moscow-Beijing kev kub ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev vam meej, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv cov kws tshuaj ntsuam los ntawm kev tsis ntseeg txog nws. Lawv hais tias lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov kab hluav taws xob ceev hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm 2018-2020 yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Raws li Alexey Bezborodov, uas tuav lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum InfraNews, qhov project yuav tsis raug tsim tawm hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej. Lub hauv paus rau tus cwj pwm no yog cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm Lavxias Railways tus neeg sawv cev uas tam sim no tsis muaj kev npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim kho cov kab hluav taws xob. Tsuas muaj qhov tshwm sim siab uas txoj kev Moscow-Kazan yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau Yekaterinburg thiab dhau mus yav tom ntej.

Leej twg yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tsim txoj kev loj?

kev nthuav dav moscow beijing
kev nthuav dav moscow beijing

SpeedyTxoj kev loj Moscow-Beijing yuav coj qee qhov zoo tsis yog rau Lavxias Railways nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov xeev tag nrho. Qhov no yog vim agglomeration cuam tshuam uas yuav tshwm sim raws li cov pej xeem tau rov qab los thaum lub sij hawm ua raws li qhov project. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, txoj kev kub ceev yuav tsum nce GRP los ntawm 30-70% hauv cheeb tsam. Cov nyiaj tau los ntxiv los ntawm txoj kev yuav sib raug rau tsawg kawg 11 trillion rubles hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Daim duab no tau nthuav tawm los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag uas coj los ntawm Ministry of Economic Development. Yog hais tias lub high-speed railway tshwm sim, GRP yuav nce 38% tsuas yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj av Vladimir ib leeg. Qhov no yog hais txog ntxiv 84 billion rubles. Los ntawm 2030, daim duab no yuav nce 58%, lossis hauv cov ntsiab lus nyiaj txiag - los ntawm 131 billion rubles. Hauv cheeb tsam Nizhny Novgorod, qhov kev xav tau kev lag luam loj hlob yog 39%, lossis 252 billion rubles, tab sis los ntawm 2030 nws yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 76%, lossis 496 billion. Hauv Chuvashia, tus nqi yuav tsum loj hlob los ntawm 13%, lossis 20 billion rubles. Los ntawm 2025, qhov dhia yuav yog 28%, lossis 43 billion rubles. Hauv Tatarstan, qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm 2025 yuav yog 27%, lossis 274 billion rubles.

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