Tselinograd cheeb tsam: piav qhia, nta, thaj chaw thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:51

cheeb tsam Tselinograd yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Kazakhstan. Cov thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam nyob hauv lub nroog Kokshetau. Lub cheeb tsam yog agro-industrial, tab sis lub ntsiab tshwj xeeb yog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev ua ntawm nws cov khoom.

Txhim kho kev lag luam mining (tsuas ntawm uranium, kub ores), mechanical engineering, tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Muaj kev lag luam tshuaj thiab tshuaj.

thaj tsam ntawm thaj av

Akmola (Tselinograd) cheeb tsam yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm Kokshetau qhov siab (sab qaum teb ntawm cheeb tsam) thiab lub roob Ulytau (sab hnub poob ntawm cheeb tsam). Cov toj roob hauv pes yog tsim los ntawm granites, lub ncov roob yog tsim los ntawm quartzite.

Thaj chaw hla ntawm tus dej Ishim. Sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av yog ib feem ntawm West Siberian Lowland.

Kev nyab xeeb yog tus yam ntxwv zoo li thaj av loj, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov kub, thiab lub caij ntuj no yog Frost hnyav. Los ntawm cov hnub ci hnub ci, thaj chaw sib piv rau cov tropics. Cov daus nyob nruab nrab ntawm yuav luag rau lub hlis. Qhov kub thiab txias hloov, txhua xyoo thiab txhua hnub, tseem ceeb heev.

Nws muaj peb thaj chaw sib txawv: sab qab teb, nruab nrab thiabqaum teb.

Tab qaum teb muaj ib lub tiaj tiaj. Cov av, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze ntawm Irtysh, yog xuab zeb. Feem ntau muaj ntsev marshes thiab, raws li, ntsev pas dej, tshwj xeeb yog Lake Dengiz (Tengiz).

Tseem nruab nrab yog indented nrog roob qis. Cov dej Ishim, Nura thiab Sara-Su ntws. Lub cheeb tsam tsis tshua haum rau tib neeg nyob, txawm hais tias nyob rau qee qhov chaw nws tseem ua tau. Deposits kub, tooj, thee yog concentrated ntawm no.

Sab qab teb ntawm thaj av yog thaj av tsis muaj suab puam steppe. Nws ciam teb ncav cuag los ntawm tus dej Sary-Su mus rau tus dej Chu. Qhov no hu ua Bed-nak-dola, uas txhais tau hais tias "Tshaib plab Steppe".

Cov neeg nyob ze ntawm thaj av yog: sab hnub tuaj - thaj av Pavlodar, sab hnub poob - Kostanay, sab qaum teb - North Kazakhstan, sab qab teb - Karaganda.

Lub cheeb tsam npog thaj tsam ntawm 146.2 txhiab square meters. km.

Keeb kwm ntawm cheeb tsam Tselinograd

cheeb tsam Tselinograd muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj, thaum lub sijhawm nws tau rov qab hloov pauv, ob qho tib si thaj av thiab hauv lub npe.

Thawj zaug, thaj av tau hais hauv xyoo 1868 los ntawm "Kev tswj hwm ib ntus ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv thaj tsam steppe ntawm Orenburg thiab West Siberian Governor General", thaum 6 thaj chaw tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kazakhstan. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub cheeb tsam Akmola (qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Omsk). Cov cheeb tsam suav nrog cov nroog: Akmola, Petropavlovsk, Atbasar, Omsk thiab Kokchetav.

Xyoo 1928, thaj av Akmola tau hloov mus rau hauv Akmola koog tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau raug tshem tawm vim muaj kev tswj hwm tshiab.thaj chaw division.

Lub Kaum Hli 1939, thaj av Akmola tau rov qab los dua. Lub nroog ntawm Akmolinsk tau los ua nws qhov chaw. Kev tswj hwm, thaj av ntawd muaj kaum tsib lub nroog thiab muaj mus txog rau xyoo 1960. Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 26, 1960, thaj av ntawd tau raug tshem tawm dua, thiab nws lub peev Akmolinsk tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Virgin Territory. Tab sis peb lub hlis tom qab, Akmolinsk tau hu ua Tselinograd (nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov av nkauj xwb), thiab lub Plaub Hlis 24, thaj av ntawd tau rov tsim dua, tab sis twb tau hu ua Tselinograd, uas suav nrog 17 cheeb tsam.

Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv Kazakhstan. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1992, Tselinograd tau rov hloov lub npe Akmola, thiab cheeb tsam - Akmola. Lub qub cheeb tsam Tselinograd, nws cov cheeb tsam tau hloov pauv los ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Kazakhstan lub Plaub Hlis 8, 1999, tau tsiv nws lub nroog los ntawm lub nroog Astana (yav tas los Akmolinsk) mus rau lub nroog Kokshetau.

Regional Executive Power

Akimat yog lub koom haum tswj hwm hauv cheeb tsam ntawm tebchaws. Lub taub hau ntawm akimat (akim) raug xaiv los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub tebchaws.

Akimat ntawm thaj av Tselinograd yog sawv cev los ntawm kaum ib lub tuam tsev hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam thiab lub neej ntawm thaj av thiab ob lub xeev cov tsev kawm ntawv (Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncig Tebchaws thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Neeg Caij Tsheb thiab Kev Loj).

Akimat cov tuam tsev npaj thiab siv cov peev nyiaj hauv cheeb tsam, npaj cov kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Lawv lub peev xwm suav nrog cov teeb meem ntawm kev thauj mus los, kev tswj hwm av,siv cov peev txheej, ua raws li kev cai lij choj thiab kev txiav txim, thiab lwm yam.

Tam sim no Sergey Vitalyevich Kulagin yog lub kim ntawm cheeb tsam. Lub taub hau ntawm cheeb tsam tau yug los thiab loj hlob hauv cheeb tsam Akmola (Tselinograd). Nws tau raug xaiv los ua txoj haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam akim ob zaug: thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1998 thiab lub Tsib Hlis 2014.

Shortandinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv

Raws li qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab kawg hauv xyoo 1939, Tselinograd Thaj Chaw tau loj hlob ib thaj chaw: Shortandinsky District tau los ua nws qhov chaw tswj hwm tshiab.

29,362 tus neeg nyob hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv. Population ceev - 6.2 tus neeg / sq. km. 37% ntawm Russians, 31.7% ntawm Kazakhs, 8.3% ntawm Ukrainians, 7% ntawm Germans nyob rau hauv lub Shortandynsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Lwm haiv neeg sawv cev los ntawm 16 feem pua. Lub chaw tswj hwm hauv cheeb tsam nyob hauv nroog Shortandy.

thaj chaw nyob yog 4,700 square kilometers.

Arshaly region

Vishnevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Tselinograd - uas yog lub npe ntawm niaj hnub Arshalynsky koog tsev kawm ntawv mus txog rau 1997.

Lub koog tsev kawm ntawv npog thaj tsam ntawm 5,800 square kilometers thiab yog tsev rau 27,081 tus neeg. Cov pej xeem ceev yog 4.7 tus neeg / sq. km.

Ntxiv rau Kazakhs (37.3%), Russians (43.4%), Ukrainians (5.7%), Germans (5.5%), Belarusians, Tatars (tsawg dua 2%) nyob hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv, Poles, Moldovans, Ingush, Chechens, Bashkirs (tsawg dua 1%).

Sandyktau region

thaj chaw no tau tswj kom "siav" ntau qhov kev hloov pauv nrog rauAkmola cheeb tsam. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1928, thaum lub sijhawm Akmola cheeb tsam tau hloov mus rau hauv cheeb tsam Akmola. Tom qab ntawd, txij li xyoo 1936, nws tau hu ua thaj av Molotov. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1957, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub cheeb tsam Akmola (peb xyoos tom qab twb hu ua lub Tselinograd cheeb tsam), lub Balkashinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv tau hloov, nyob rau hauv lem, los ntawm Molotovsky. Raws li lub npe no, koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj mus txog rau xyoo 1997, thaum lub npe keeb kwm Sandyktau District tau rov qab los rau nws.

Thaj chaw npog thaj tsam ntawm 6,400 sq. km. 20,010 tus neeg nyob hauv nws thaj chaw, qhov ceev yog 3.1 tus neeg / sq. km. Hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau yog neeg nyob hauv Kazakhs (20.13%), Russians (56.67%) thiab Germans (6.62%).

Lub nroog uas tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv qhia

Stepnogorsk (Tselinograd cheeb tsam - tam sim no Akmola) tau tsim muaj nyob rau hauv 1959, 199 km ntawm Astana, tab sis nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 80s. Lub secrecy ntawm kev sib hais haum tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm "Tselinny Mining thiab Chemical Combine" thiab "Stepnogorsk Scientific Experimental Industrial Base" nyob rau hauv nws. Thawj zaug tau koom nrog kev ua cov uranium ore, thiab "lub hauv paus" tau koom nrog kev tsim kho thiab tsim cov riam phom bacteriological.

Cov pej xeem hauv nroog muaj ntau haiv neeg (tshaj 70 haiv neeg). Cov neeg Lavxias muaj ntau dua 50% ntawm cov pejxeem, Kazakhs - 34.5%.

Tam sim no, lub nroog cov lag luam tsim kub, uranium, molybdenum.

Lub nroog Alekseevka hauv cheeb tsam Tselinograd (tam sim no Akmola) tau tsim muaj xyoo 1965. ATnyob rau hauv nws cov kev txwv yog Ak-Kul railway chaw nres tsheb. Ntawm cov tuam txhab kev lag luam, muaj cov roj refinery thiab cov nroj tsuag rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov lag luam uas tseem tshuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev thauj mus los.

Lub nroog nws tus kheej muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog Ak-Kul railway chaw nres tsheb, vim nws tau raug suav tias yog ib qho khoom kaw txij thaum pib. Qhov no yog vim qhov raug liam tias poob ntawm UFO thiab ua haujlwm los tshawb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm nws lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Tam sim no lub nroog hu ua Akkol.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Qhov kawg ntawm 18th - thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog lub sijhawm nyuaj heev rau Kazakh khanates ntawm Cov Hluas thiab Nruab Nrab Zhuz: tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze haunted cov Kazakhs, yuam kom lawv nrhiav kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb., Russia.

Kev tsim ntawm thaj av Tselinograd yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Kazakhs rau kev ywj pheej, uas coj lawv mus rau Lavxias patronage.

Kanatzhan Alibekov, tus paub zoo microbiologist, tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev kis kab mob, biotechnology, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua haujlwm hauv Stepnogorsk. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua, tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai xws li anthrax tau teeb tsa.

Nyob rau xyoo 1990-1991, Alibekov coj qhov kev kaw haujlwm rau kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov riam phom bacteriological.

Ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj av ntawd muaj lub npe nrov Xeev National Natural Park "Burabay", tsim nyob rau xyoo 2000. Lub tiaj ua si occupies 83.5 txhiab hectares. Muaj 14 lub pas dej ntawm nws thaj chaw. Ntawm ib ntawm lawv (Lake Borovoe) muaj qhov chaw ua si ntawm lub tebchaws tseem ceeb. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pas dej yog roob nrog hav zoov thiab,tau kawg, qhov kawg Kazakh steppes. Rau nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, lub tiaj ua si tau hu ua "Kazakh Switzerland". Cov tsiaj qus tuaj yeem pom hauv hav zoov hauv zos: lynx, hma, boar qus, elk, mos lwj thiab lwm yam tsiaj.

Nyob ze lub peev ntawm cheeb tsam yog lub xeev National Natural Park thib ob - "Kokshetau". Nws nyob thaj tsam loj dua Burabay - 182 txhiab hectares. Nws thaj chaw muaj ntau lub pas dej, roob, hav zoov, steppes. Nyob rau hauv lub pas dej muaj whitefish thiab ripus - muaj nuj nqis hom ntses. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau muaj ob qho tib si hiking thiab nees txoj kev, nrog rau lub sijhawm los nyob hauv ib lub tsev nyob hauv Kazakh.

In xaus

Akmola (Tselinograd) cheeb tsam nyob hauv txoj haujlwm zoo: xws li thaj chaw tsim kho ntawm Russia xws li Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Omsk cheeb tsam, nrog rau cov Urals nyob ze.

Tam sim no, kev sib raug zoo kev lag luam qub nrog cov cheeb tsam Lavxias tau ntxiv dag zog thiab tsim cov tshiab tshiab. Muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam rau cov khoom thiab cov khoom tsim tawm hauv cheeb tsam.