SAU-152: kev tshuaj xyuas tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab siv, duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:49

Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj yog hu ua "kev ua tsov rog ntawm lub cav" vim li cas. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tub rog loj tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tus kheej. Rau cov Germans, Ferdinand self-propelled artillery mount tau los ua ib qho ntawm feem nrov kev sib ntaus sib tua units, rau lub USSR - SAU-152.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov tshuab no tsis yog tsim los loj: kev lag luam Wehrmacht tsim 91 kev teeb tsa, thiab Soviet Union - 670. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, khoom siv, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm SAU-152. tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no.

Introduction

SAU-152 yog Soviet lub zog loj-tsav phom loj uas tau teeb tsa lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Tsim los ntawm Lub Rau Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli 1943. Vim qhov tseeb tias IS lub tank tau ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov chav sib ntaus sib tua no, lub tsheb tau teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev ua haujlwm raws li ISU-152 phom tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog Red Army txij thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1943. Cov neeg tsim riam phom ntawm Wehrmacht tau tsim ib txoj kab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj rau cov tsheb loj hauv Soviet. Cov tub rog German tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem nrog armor-piercing caliber shells,tso tawm ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Qhov xwm txheej tau txhim kho nrog cov tsos ntawm SAU-152 tank ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg tua neeg tiag tiag ntawm German armored tsheb, uas yog Tigers thiab Panthers. Vim li no, chav sib ntaus sib tua tshiab Soviet tseem hu ua ISU-152 SPG "St. John's wort".

Nrog rau lub plhaub riam phom, nws tsoo cov fascist nruab nrab tank. Thaum armor-piercing tas, cov neeg coob tau tua cov pob zeb tho thiab txawm tias tawg tawg tawg, uas muaj zog heev. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog tus kheej-propelled phom-152 St. Vim lub zog siab ntawm qhov projectile los ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab sib ntaus sib tua, nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub pej thuam.

About the history of creation

Kev tsim ua haujlwm ntawm SAU-152 tau pib hauv Chelyabinsk los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm Pilot Plant No. 100. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov lub tank hnyav KV-1S nrog lub tshiab thiab cog lus IS-1.. Raws li qhov tseeb tias cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb 'Red Army xav tau SU-152 rab phom hnyav hnyav, raws li KV-1S, uas yog qhov xav tau tsawg dua, cov tub rog tau txiav txim siab hloov cov phom rau lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tshiab. Yog li, raws li IS-1, ib qho analogue ntawm ISU-152 tau tsim. Kev tsim qauv ua haujlwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm Kotin Zh. Ya., nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj coj ib kab ntawm lub tank hnyav tau tsim nyob rau hauv Soviet Union. Tus thawj tsim qauv yog G. N. Moskvin, thaum pib, qhov project tau teev tseg raws li IS-152. Tsis ntev, thawj tus qauv "Qhov Khoom No. 241" tau npaj txhij. Tom qab ua tiav dhau lub Hoobkas thiab lub xeev kev xeemLub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tau tshaj tawm Txoj Cai No 4504, raws li qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab thaum kawg muaj npe ISU-152.

About production

SAU-152 (daim duab ntawm lub tank tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm) tau pib tsim tawm hauv lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1943 ntawm Kirov cog hauv Chelyabinsk (ChKZ). Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis, ntxiv rau chav sib ntaus sib tua tshiab, lawv kuj tau tsim cov khoom qub qub vim qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hauv ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1944 - tsuas yog SAU-152 "St. John's wort".

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov kev hloov pauv me me tau ua rau kev tsim lub tshuab txhawm rau txo tus nqi thiab ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1944, dov armor daim hlau tau siv los tsim lub hneev ntawm lub installation, thiab tsis yog ib qho khoom. Lub thickness ntawm armored daim npog qhov ncauj tau nce los ntawm 4 cm thiab ntau npaum li cas mus rau 10 cm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub installation pib mus nruab nrog ib tug 12.7-mm DShK hnyav-caliber anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom. 10R xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb tau hloov los ntawm kev txhim kho version ntawm 10RK. Cov neeg tsim qauv kuj tau nce lub peev xwm ntawm lub tank sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Vim yog qhov tseeb tias ChKZ tsis khoom ntau dhau nrog kev ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv armored rau cov phom tus kheej tau muab los ntawm Ural hnyav engineering cog.

Kev piav qhia

Rau ISU-152, tib qhov kev teeb tsa tau muab rau lwm qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm tus kheej-tsim phom loj hauv Soviet. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog SU-76 "St. John's wort" nrog lub cev muaj zog tag nrho, muaj ob ntu. Lub armored cabin los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg coob coob, phom thiab mos txwv. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub wheelhousemuab tso rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tswj departments. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau teeb tsa cov kis tau tus mob thiab lub cav ntawm lub stern. Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb, tus neeg tua phom thiab lub tsheb thauj khoom yog sab laug ib nrab ntawm lub cab los ntawm rab phom. Tus kws kho tsheb thiab tus neeg tua phom pem hauv ntej, thiab lub tsheb thauj khoom qab lawv.

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab sab xis muaj ib qho chaw rau kev tsaws tsaws. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem tuaj yeem tawm hauv lub tsev los ntawm ib lub rooj zaum ntawm lub ru tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv nram qab ntawm lub raj armored. Kuj tseem muaj qhov thib peb puag ncig ntawm sab laug ib nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog npaj rau kev tsaws thiab disembarking ntawm lub tank neeg coob. Los ntawm nws, ib tug extension ntawm panoramic pom yog coj tawm. Lub hatch thaum muaj xwm ceev yog lub hatch plaub nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub tank. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tau nruab nrog ob peb lub kaus mom ntxiv, uas tau siv thaum thauj cov mos txwv, thaum kho lub caj dab hauv cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam, cov khoom sib dhos thiab lwm yam.

About armor protection

Rau cov khoom siv ntawm lub cev, dov armor daim hlau tau siv, lub thickness yog 2, 3, 6, 9 thiab 7.5 cm. Thawj batch ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim nrog cam khwb cia frontal qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no series, ntau resistant dov armor yog siv - lub frontal qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hulls twb welded. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los qauv (SU-152), nyob rau hauv lub tshiab self-propelled artillery mount, lub cev tig mus rau siab dua, thiab armored cabin loj dua. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov txo inclined ces kaum ntawm sab armored daim hlau. Txij li cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li no yuav txo qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg coob coob, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov no los ntawm kev ua kom cov armor tuab hauv cov chaw no.

About powertrain

Lub tank yog nruab nrog plaub-stroke V-shaped 12-lub tog raj kheej V-2 IS diesel cav, nws lub zog yog 520 horsepower. Txhawm rau pib nws, compressed cua yog muab, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua compartment, ib tug inertial oob khab nrog phau ntawv thiab hluav taws xob drives. Raws li yav tas los, ib qho kev pabcuam fais fab ntawm 0.88 kW yog siv. Chav tsev diesel muaj NK-1 roj twj tso kua mis, uas muaj txhua hom kev tswj hwm RNA-1 thiab cov khoom siv roj hloov kho. Cov huab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub cav los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog ntxuav los ntawm Multicyclone lim. Yog li ntawd thaum lub caij txias tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev pib lub zog, lub cav chav tsev tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv cua sov. Lawv kuj ua rau lub tsev sib ntaus sib tua. "St. John's wort" nrog peb roj tso tsheb hlau luam. Qhov chaw ntawm ob yog lub sib ntaus sib tua compartment, qhov thib peb - lub cav- kis tau tus mob compartment. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kheej-propelled rab phom muaj plaub qhov ntxiv roj tso tsheb hlau luam uas tsis txuas nrog ib qho kev sib xyaw roj.

About kis

Lub "St. John's wort" kev teeb tsa muaj cov khoom siv sib kis, uas muaj cov khoom hauv qab no:

• Multi-disc lub ntsiab qhuav txhuam clutch.
• Plaub-ceev kis tau tus mob (8 rau pem hauv ntej thiab 2 thim rov qab).
• Ob onboard ob-theem planetary slewing zog nrog ntau-disc xauv clutch thiab band brakes.
• Ob qhov kawg tsav.

Kev tswj hwm txhua qhov kev sib kis tau yog cov neeg kho tshuab. Tsis zoo liyav dhau los version, nyob rau hauv "St. John's wort" muaj kev sib hloov mechanisms.

About chassis

SPG "St. Lub stroke limiter yog welded nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse opposite txhua tus menyuam. Cov log tsav yog nyob rau tom qab. Kab ntsig ntawm lub tank yog sawv cev los ntawm ib qho kev sib tw, nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 86 daim dav 65 cm. Lub sab sauv ntawm tus kab ntsig ntawm txhua sab, zoo li hauv SU-152, tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm peb cov khoom me me. Qhov nro ntawm kab ntsig hauv "St. John's wort" tau ua los ntawm cov ntsia hlau-hom tshuab.

About riam phom

Raws li riam phom tseem ceeb hauv ISU-152, rab phom phom ML-20S ntawm 152 mm caliber, qauv 1937-1943, tau siv. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau nruab rau ntawm ib lub phaj armored nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cabin.

Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau ntsug, lub hom phiaj ntawm rab phom tau ua ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm -3 txog +20 degrees, nyob rau hauv kab rov tav - 10 degrees. ML-20 tau ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov siab ntawm 3 m nrog kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 900 m. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev sib ntaus sib tua yog 6200 m. Qhov hluav taws kub tau raug rho tawm los ntawm mechanically siv phau ntawv los yog hluav taws xob trigger. Ntxiv nrog rau rab phom loj 152 mm. Txij li thaum xyoo 1945, cov phom nws tus kheej tau nruab nrog lub tshuab loj-caliber anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom DShK caliber 12.7 mm.

Cov riam phom tuaj yeem qhib lossis tiv thaiv dav hlau pom K-8T. Ib lub turret tau txuas nrog lub phom phom. Txoj cai round commander lub hatch los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab rab phom. Ntxiv nrog rau cov phom loj loj,cov neeg coob ntawm cov phom loj mount muaj ob rab phom tshuab. Feem ntau cov no yog PPS lossis PPSh submachine phom. Tseem muaj 20 F-1 grenades.

Ambition

21 txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem raug rho tawm ntawm rab phom loj. Piv rau cov mos txwv rau ML-20, qhov ntau ntawm cov plhaub taum cab rau ML-20S yog ntau haiv neeg. Kev tua los ntawm rab phom tus kheej "St. John's wort" tau ua tiav:

• Armor-piercing tracer sharp-headed round 53-BR-540. Nws hnyav yuav luag 49 kg. Muaj qhov pib ceev ntawm 600 m / s.
• High-explosive fragmentation cannon plhaub 53-BR-540. Nyhav 43,56 kg. Hauv ib pliag, qhov projectile npog qhov deb ntawm 655 m.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob siv cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam ntse, lub taub hau 53-BR-54OB uas muaj lub ntsej muag ballistic tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev siv lub pob zeb tho pob zeb 53-G-545. Lub mos txwv load ntawm DShK anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom yog sawv cev los ntawm 250 rounds. Rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, cov neeg coob ntawm cov phom loj tau muab cov discs rau PPS thiab PPSh ntawm 21 pcs.

TTX

Tus kheej-propelled artillery mount muaj cov hauv qab no tsis:

• Nyhav 45.5 tons
• SPG yog 675 cm ntev, 325 cm dav thiab 245 cm siab.
• muaj 5 tus neeg nyob hauv pawg neeg.
• Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua nrog thaj tsam ntawm 165 km txav ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 43 km / h rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus, thiab 20 km / h ntawm qhov ntxhib.
• Qhov tshwj xeeb hauv av yog 0.82 kg / cm2
• SPG muaj peev xwm kov yeej ' meter ' phab ntsa, kwj dej - txog li 2.5 m.

Hais txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev teeb tsa

Howcov kws txawj hais tias, tus kheej-propelled phom-152 mm St. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev koom tes ntawm kev teeb tsa hauv xyoo 1956, kev tawm tsam Hungarian tau raug txwv.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, rab phom uas tus kheej tau siv los ua cov phom loj tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv sniper phom loj - plhaub raug rho tawm ntawm St. John's wort rhuav tshem cov neeg ntxeev siab snipers uas tau nyob hauv lub tsev. Yog li ntawd, thaum lawv pom ib tug self-propelled artillery mount nyob ze, cov pej xeem lawv tus kheej yuam cov neeg tua tawm ntawm lawv lub tsev. Cov phom tus kheej tau siv rau hauv kev ua tsov rog Arab-Israeli ua qhov chaw tua hluav taws rau kev tua raws ntug dej ntawm Suez Canal. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov phom tua tus kheej, lawv tshem cov pob zeb tawg thiab tua cov vaj tse pob zeb thaum lawv tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm Chernobyl kev sib tsoo.