Kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv: tswv yim thiab piv txwv

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv: tswv yim thiab piv txwv
Kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv: tswv yim thiab piv txwv

Video: Kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv: tswv yim thiab piv txwv

Video: Kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv: tswv yim thiab piv txwv
Video: Tswv Yexus lub neej thaum pib txug thaum xaus 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Reaction is a good concept. Nws siv rau txhua qhov kev ua uas yog teb rau qhov kev txhawb nqa. Piv txwv li, Renaissance nrog nws txoj kev coj noj coj ua yog ib hom kev tawm tsam rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab ib qho kev hloov pauv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis txaus siab rau cov nom tswv yav dhau los.

Cwj pwm rau kev paub hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog
Cwj pwm rau kev paub hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog

Txoj kev xav

Kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv yog ua raws li kev tawm tsam rau kev coj noj coj ua uas twb muaj lawm lossis yav dhau los, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov no tau nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lo lus no tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev txav chaw uas txhawb nqa kev khaws cia ntawm kev sib raug zoo lossis kev nom kev tswv tam sim no.

Kev tawm tsam nom tswv yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev tawm tsam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj hauv kev hais txog cov qauv radicalist. Feem ntau lub tswv yim no yog siv nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau monarchists, clericalists, txhawb feudalism, thiab lwm yam., uas yog, rau huab conservatives. Yog li, txoj cai tawm tsam tej zaum yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev saib xyuas yav dhau los, tsis quav ntsej txog kev nce qib.

Ntau zaus kev tawm tsam hauvtsoom fwv lub voj voog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv zej zog. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tshwm sim no yog Fab Kis cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm François-René de Chateaubriand ("On Bonaparte, Bourbons thiab xav tau los koom nrog peb cov thawj coj ncaj ncees rau kev zoo siab ntawm Fabkis thiab Europe", "Nyob rau huab tais raws li lub charter").

Txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav ntawm ob tog los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nkag mus rau nws cov neeg koom nrog hauv radicalism, liberalism lossis lwm yam tam sim no. Reactionism tuaj yeem nyob hauv txhua haiv neeg thiab txhua lub sijhawm. Nws cov neeg txhawb nqa tawm tswv yim rov qab mus rau cov tsev haujlwm uas tsis siv lawm thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm txhua yam kev vam meej. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kev tawm tsam zoo li no yog cov monarchists hauv Fabkis.

Caricature ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19
Caricature ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19

piv txwv keeb kwm

Reactionary epochs include:

  1. Lub Siab Ntshai Xya Xyoo (Nicholas kuv txwv tsis pub tawm mus kawm txawv tebchaws, nrog rau kev xa tawm ntawm cov phau ntawv txawv teb chaws, ntshai tsam kev loj hlob ntawm kev hloov pauv kev xav).
  2. Txoj cai ntawm Alexander III (txwv tsis pub muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab, hloov cov cai ntawm xovxwm).
  3. Txoj cai ntawm Charles II tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm Stuarts (kev tshem tawm ntawm kev zam txim, kev tsim kho lub Koom Txoos Anglican, tshem tawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam los ntawm kev tsis pom zoo, thiab lwm yam).
  4. thawj xyoo tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1848-1849. hauv Austria thiab Prussia (txhim kho tsoomfwv lub zog, txwv txoj cai thiab kev ywj pheej hauv zej zog los ntawm kev hloov kho txoj cai lij choj).
  5. Kev ntshai dawb tom qab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Bourbons (kev tsim txom ntawm Jacobins thiab kev ywj pheej).
  6. Charles X txoj cai coj mus rau Lub Xya Hli Kev Hloov Kho ntawm 1830
  7. Vichy Regime (kev txum tim lub tsev teev ntuj muaj hwj chim hauv pej xeem thiab kev nom kev tswv lub neej, kev tawm tsam kev ywj pheej, kev tsim txom nom tswv, kev kawm rau Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees).
  8. Kev kav ntawm Abdul-Hamid II (kev cia siab rau cov tswv yim ntawm yias-Islamism, kev ntshaw los tsim lub hwj chim, kev tsis lees paub ntawm Tanzimat kev hloov kho).

Kev xav hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Satirical daim ntawv qhia ntawm Eastern Crisis
Satirical daim ntawv qhia ntawm Eastern Crisis

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv ib yam tshwm sim tom qab bourgeois kiv puag ncig. Piv txwv li, P. Sorokin tau sau cov lus hauv qab no.

Reaction tsis yog ib qho tshwm sim uas dhau mus dhau lub kiv puag ncig, tab sis yog ib feem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm nws tus kheej - nws ib nrab thib ob.

R. Michels tau faib cov kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov tseeb "khoov tawm" thiab "kev tawm tsam". Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txhais lus no tsis muaj nyob rau tam sim no.

Pom zoo: