Tib neeg ib txwm xav txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev zais. Kev mloog ntau ntxiv rau lub ncauj lus no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev khaws cia tus kheej. Lub peev xwm los ua ke nrog thaj av nrog kev pab ntawm cov ceg ntoo thiab cov nyom khi rau lub cev tau lees tias kev yos hav zoov ua tiav, vim li ntawd, tus neeg tuaj yeem pub nws tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev kos duab ntawm kev zais tau nrov heev hauv kev ua tub rog. Lub peev xwm yaj, tsis sawv, tam sim no khaws cov tub rog ciaj sia.
tub rog camouflage. Tsev
Keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv camouflage tsuas muaj ob peb xyoo lawm. Qhov no yog qhov txaus txaus kom tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv, ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm cov tub rog tsim tawm, ntau yam ntawm cov camouflage suits tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem nkaum ib tus neeg hauv txhua qhov chaw.
Cov xim camouflage thawj zaug tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua puas xyoo. Cov tub rog ntawm Askiv thaum Tsov Rog Anglo-Boer hnav ris tsho liab liab. Rau cov Boers, uas twb muaj kev paub txog camouflage, lawv tau pom dhau lawm hauv av. Yog li ntawd, England raug kev txom nyem hnyav ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, lub teb chaws cov thawj coj tau hloov cov khaub ncaws liab nrog cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb swamp-xim.- Khaki.
Lub xeev thib ob uas nws pab tub rog pib siv camouflage yog lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov xim ntawm camouflage ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm German muaj peb caug xaiv. Preference tau muab rau thawj zaug, "fragmentation" qauv. Camouflage tau txais nws lub npe vim tias nws cov qauv tau muab faib ua cov xim geometric ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lub "shrapnel" version ntawm camouflage yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm German pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Thawj Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog. Txij li thaum qhov debut ntawm xws li ib tug camouflage suit tau ua tiav, Wehrmacht cov tub rog siv nws nyob rau hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kaus mom hlau nrog cov tsheb armored pib camouflage.
Soviet kev txhim kho ntawm tub rog camouflage suits
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab ntawm Tub Rog Camouflage thiab Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, tsim nyob rau xyoo 1919, tau daws txhua yam teeb meem ntsig txog camouflage qauv thiab xim. Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws - S. M. Vavilov, V. V. Sharonov thiab lwm tus tau koom nrog hauv txoj haujlwm no, ua tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, cov xim camouflage tau tsim los ua kom pom kev cuam tshuam cov silhouette ntawm tus neeg. Cov nyhuv no ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws camouflage tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, uas yog ib txheej ntawm amoeba-zoo li tus me me nrog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov khaub ncaws camouflage. Xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke "so" lub silhouette ntawm ib tug neeg, disperses lub contours ntawm nws daim duab. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws yog raug rau cov tub rog camouflage suits ntawm Soviet era. Lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm silhouette txawv cov qauv no los ntawm kev yos hav zoov.cov kev xaiv uas lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog "merge" cov khoom nrog ib puag ncig.
Soviet cov neeg tsim khoom tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev xaiv cov xim kom raug rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj zoo li amoeba. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov caij nyoog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog li, rau cov xim ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub caij (nyom ntsuab), me ntsis ntawm tsaus thiab dub xim yog zoo tagnrho. Lub caij nplooj zeeg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm keeb kwm daj lossis xim av qias neeg. Rau nws, Soviet technologists khaws cov xim av tsaus nti deforming me ntsis.
Ob tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej ua tub rog tau raug camouflage.
Xyoo 1927, Soviet cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws camouflage muab tub rog nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Qhov no yog ib lub caij ntuj no hnav dawb thiab lub caij ntuj sov xim av hoodie.
Post-ua tsov ua rog kev loj hlob ntawm tub rog camouflage qauv
Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib tw camouflage mus rau qhov nrawm nrawm. Cov tub rog tsim qauv ntawm camouflage qauv, muaj ntau yam kev paub, pom tau hais tias cov xim ntawm camouflage rau cov tub rog yuav tsum raug xaiv los ntawm kev coj mus rau hauv tus account lub struts, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem yog universal thiab haum rau txhua qhov chaw. Camouflage muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua yog tias nws tau xaiv ob qho tib si rau ib hom kab ke tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab rau lub caij.
Dab tsi yog xim ntawm camouflage? Cov duab nthuav tawm hauv kab lus yuav pab koj taug qab qhov teeb meem no. Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv, raws li koj pom.
Central ResearchLub koom haum Karbyshev Testing Institute tau tsim qhov zoo tshaj plaws tub rog camouflage nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov xim ntawm cov camouflage suits, txawm tias lawv cov tsos tsis zoo nkauj, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau peb thaj chaw latitude.
Cold War camouflage
Cov neeg tsim qauv los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tuaj yeem xaiv cov qauv camouflage hauv lawv tus kheej. Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau hom av. Tub rog technologists uas tsim camouflage suits rau cov tub rog ntawm ib lub teb chaws coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias txhua ceg ntawm cov tub rog xav tau nws tus kheej camouflage. Nyob rau lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab txhim kho. Lub xyoo ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Txias tau suav tias yog ib lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho kev kos duab ntawm kev zais. Lub sijhawm no, camouflage tau ntxim nyiam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom.
Hom thiab xim ntawm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb
- Teb chaws Europe thiab Amelikas. Thaum Tsov Rog Txias, qhov "tsob hav zoov" camouflage tau tsim ntawm no. Nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov hav zoov thiab nplooj ntoo.
- Central Asia thiab North Africa. Cov tub rog ntawm cov xeev no siv "duab puam" hom camouflage suit.
- Southeast Asia. Cov tub rog siv hav zoov camouflage. Nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau qhov chaw sov sov.
- South Africa. Lub teb chaws cov tub rog muaj tsawg heev xaiv rau camouflage suits. Qhov no yog vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm thaj av, uas "puab" camouflage hoodie tau zoo heev.
Russian camo xim
KZM-P - Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, qhov camouflage feem ntau nyob hauv Russia. Cov xim birch yog nws lub npe thib ob, paub zoo dua li cov nom tswv. Cov qauv muaj ntau lub npe: "golden" thiab "nyiaj nplooj", "sunny luav", "corder guard". Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tus qauv yog qhov tawg ntawm lub contour ntawm ib tug neeg los ntawm kev simulating kev ua si ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv daim duab. Keeb kwm tsim rov qab rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, nws tau dav siv los ntawm KGB tshwj xeeb rog, paratroopers thiab ciam teb guards.
Qhov no yog ib qho classic Lavxias teb sab version ntawm camouflage, raws li nws yog zoo tagnrho rau lub latitudes ntawm lub USSR. Tab sis dhau sij hawm, tom qab kev tshawb pom nyob rau hauv daim duab camouflage, cov xim ntawm Lavxias teb sab camouflage tau hloov thiab tsis pom nyob rau hauv lawv thawj version. Nws "clones" uas tau tshwm sim yog kev lag luam kev xaiv thiab muaj lawv tus kheej lub voj voog ntawm kev qhuas ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov, cov neeg nuv ntses thiab cov kiv cua airsoft.
NATO version
Ib qho ntawm cov qauv camouflage feem ntau siv los ntawm cov tub rog European yog Woodland (American ua). Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, thaum lub camouflage no tau tso tawm, thiab rau lub sijhawm tam sim no hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nws cov koob meej tau coj mus rau qhov pom ntawm "clones" thiab lawv cov kev faib thoob ntiaj teb. Woodland yog ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kis me ntsis nyob rau hauv ob xim: xim av thiab dub. Lawv nyob ntawm lub teeb thiab tsaus ntsuab keeb kwm yav dhau. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov camouflage tshwm sim tom qab nws ntub dej. Thaum ntub, nws tig dub thiab ua pom. Tsis ntev los no, qhov qub Woodland camouflage variant tau dhau los lawm. Qhov no yog vim li casnws txoj kev txhim kho. Nov yog qhov nws qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim:
- Basic – General.
- Woodland-lowland camouflage (rau lowlands) - nws yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug predominance ntawm ntsuab.
- Woodland-highland is a variant use for activities on the mountain (nws yog dominated los ntawm ib tug xim av tint, xim ntawm lub roob).
- Tus qauv nruab nrab - Woodland-delta. Siv los ntawm NATO cov tub rog. Cov teb chaws uas yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Alliance tau txais lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm tus qauv camouflage no thiab siv cov kev hloov pauv zoo sib xws hauv lawv lub teb chaws. Qhov no yog vim cov tub rog ntawm txhua lub xeev yuav tsum muaj lawv tus kheej camouflage.
Txoj cai ntawm kev xaiv tus qauv camouflage
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov xim thiab saturation yog tib neeg lub zeem muag. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov xim, lub peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb los qhia txog cov contours ntawm cov khoom thiab paub txog lawv yog muab rau hauv tus account. Muaj txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas. Cov tswv yim me tshaj plaws txog cov contours txaus rau tib neeg lub hlwb kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom pom. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov chaw tsiv chaw ntawm daim duab thiab lawv cov xim sib xws, kev nkag siab thiab kev txheeb xyuas yog distorted - qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas camouflage suit ua. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsim khoom ntawm txhua hom khaub ncaws camouflage - tub rog thiab tua tsiaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, camouflage designers tsim cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau txhua qhov camouflage, lawv cov duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab qib ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom nyob ze ntawm tus qauv. Lawv tuaj yeem lojlos yog me me. Spots los yog kab txaij yog siv rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30 lossis 60 degrees txheeb ze rau qhov pom qhov pom ntawm qhov khoom.
Kev lag luam camouflage qauv
Camouflage khaub ncaws tsis yog tsuas yog hauv kev ua tub rog xwb. Thaum yos hav zoov lossis nuv ntses, xaiv camouflage kom zoo kuj tseem ceeb. Camouflage xim variations tsis siv rau tub rog camouflage suits tau pom lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv kev lag luam camouflage. Suits, uas yog vim li cas tsis tau muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog lub teb chaws cov tub rog, yog nquag siv los ntawm tus kheej paramilitary qauv - kev ruaj ntseg tuam txhab, neeg yos hav zoov thiab cov kiv cua ntawm tactical games. Camouflages rau pawg no ntawm cov neeg siv khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab ntiag tug hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm cais. Lawv cov khoom yog suits, cov xim uas zoo ib yam li cov tub rog xaiv. Tab sis lawv muaj ib qho sib txawv - tej zaum yuav muaj xim tsawg dua hauv cov khoom zoo li no lossis, hloov pauv, ntau dua (ntau qhov ntxiv tau ntxiv lawm).
Moss camouflage pattern
Kev yos hav zoov tau ua hauv hav zoov thiab thaj chaw. Yog hais tias kev yos hav zoov yog npaj rau hauv hav zoov, ces kev xaiv ntawm camouflage suit nyob ntawm seb lub hav zoov yog deciduous los yog coniferous. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yuav yog qhov tau txais ntawm camouflage "moss". Nws cov qauv muaj cov zaub ntsuab thiab cov xuab zeb xim av, zoo kawg nkaus replicating cov nroj tsuag no. Cov khaub ncaws no muaj ob txoj kev xaiv:
- Lub caij ntuj sov. Nws yog siv rau lub caij sov. Lub teeb ntuj ntaub ntawm lub ce yog zoo ventilated.
- Lub caij ntuj no. Tsim los hnav thaum huab cua txias. ATTsis zoo li lub caij ntuj sov qauv, qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm no camouflage yog ntau tsaus nti. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm ntxiv grey. Cov xim xim av uas tseem muaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov version yog qhov tsaus dua ntawm no. Cov khaub ncaws hnav yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ob-txheej khaub ncaws thiab suav hais tias yog kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv ya raws thiab cua daj cua dub. Lub caij ntuj no teeb muaj xws li lub hood, uas yog fastened nrog ib tug zipper. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm sai yog tias tsim nyog. Velcro ntawm lub hood tso cai rau koj kom kaw lub caj dab thiab lub taub hau. Cov hnab ris kuj tau nruab nrog Velcro fasteners los tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm cov ntsiab lus thaum lub zog txav. Muaj drawstrings nyob rau hauv qab ntawm ob txhais ceg. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau rub cov ris rau hauv berets, tiv thaiv plua plav. Moss camouflage yog siv los ntawm cov neeg nuv ntses, yos hav zoov thiab cov neeg ncig tebchaws.
Pixel Art
Cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub teb chaws siv digital camouflage. Cov camouflage suits no tau txais lawv lub npe vim tias muaj cov pixels ntawm tus kheej uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua cov khoos phis tawj digital. Nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub digital version, lub peculiarity ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag kom perceive cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig raws li ib tug tas mus li tag nrho coj mus rau hauv tus account. Txij li thaum tsis muaj cov kab cuam tshuam hauv qhov xwm txheej, ib qho me me yog txaus rau tib neeg lub hlwb, los ntawm qhov uas nws tom qab tsim tag nrho cov duab. Cov qauv pixels, muaj cov qauv tsis zoo thiab txawv txav, yog siv los txo qhov peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb kom "ua tiav" cov seem uas ploj lawm.
Txhawm rau cuam tshuam cov kab thiab contours, pixel camouflage tau tsim. Cov npe xim ntawm "digital" camouflage suits yog raws li nram no:
- ACUPAT. Siv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog lossis cov suab puam pob zeb.
- CADPAT. Zoo rau siv hav zoov.
- "Digital Flora". Siv nyob rau hauv hav zoov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv tau yog tias ib tug neeg txav nrawm. Hauv qhov no, lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov khoom.
Camouflage rau armored tsheb thiab aviation
Ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm, tsheb tub rog, tub rog lossis cov tuam tsev tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog thiab dav hlau tau npog. Cov txheej txheem rau daim npog qhov ncauj los ntawm kev siv tus qauv camouflage tsis yog ib qho nyuaj. Qhov no yuav siv li ob peb teev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua raws li cov lus qhia: koj yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv txhua tus qauv (lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab qhov ntxoov ntxoo). Ib tus qauv tsuas yog suav tias yog camouflage yog tias nws muaj tsawg kawg yog tsib kab txaij lossis pob. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob xim.
Nyob rau hauv pab tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, aircraft camouflage yog xyaum. Rau lub hom phiaj no, pixel ob-tone qauv siv. Tsis zoo li Lavxias teb sab aviation, US Air Force tsis ua raws li qhov kev coj ua. US aircraft feem ntau pleev xim rau nruab nrab grey. Qhov no, raws li Asmeskas cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tub rog, pab lub dav hlau sib xyaw ua ke, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qhov ntev, thaum camouflage tawm tsam saum ntuj yuav nyiam nyiam.
Digital qauv yog siv rau hauv cov xim ntawm cov chaw ua tub rog tseem ceeb xws liTeb Chaws Asmeskas thiab Russia Tub Rog.
Kev kos duab ntawm kev zais yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qib tam sim no ntawm kev tsim riam phom, qhov tsis muaj camouflage lossis nws qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm poob.
