Folk costumes ntawm Russia. Costumes ntawm cov neeg Russia

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:48

National khaub ncaws yog ib feem ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg. Nws yog tsim nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb, kev xav hauv ntiaj teb thiab hom kev ua ntawm tib neeg. Txhua haiv neeg yuav tsum paub nws yav dhau los thiab nws cov kev coj noj coj ua. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, cov khaub ncaws hauv tebchaws tau siv rau hnub so thiab tom tsev, thiab hauv tebchaws Russia tsawg tus neeg paub tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv hnav li cas. Thaum tham txog cov tsoos khaub ncaws, feem ntau cov neeg xav txog ib tug poj niam nyob rau hauv ib tug embroidered lub tsho, kokoshnik thiab sundress. Thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv paub tsuas yog los ntawm daim duab. Folk costumes, qhov tseeb, muaj ntau haiv neeg. Raws li lawv, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus tswv, nws lub hnub nyoog, kev txij nkawm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov pej xeem costumes ntawm Russia txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw nyob. Piv txwv li, sundresses tau hnav tsuas yog nyob rau sab qaum teb, thiab nyob rau sab qab teb thaj tsam poneva tau hnav tshaj lub tsho.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws Russia khaub ncaws

Cov khaub ncaws pej xeem ntawm Russia los ntawm xyoo pua 18th feem ntau tau kawm. Ntau cov khaub ncaws tau khaws cia hauv tsev cia puav pheej, ntiag tugcollections thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos dog dig tsev. Los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab, koj yuav nrhiav tau seb cov pej xeem costumes ntawm Russia zoo li cas. Cov duab los ntawm cov phau ntawv qub muab lub tswv yim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg. Ib yam li peb cov poj koob yawm txwv hnav khaub ncaws ua ntej, peb kawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm cov annals, los ntawm kev khawb av archaeological lossis los ntawm cov dab neeg. Me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis, archaeologists tau kho tsis tau tsuas yog cov style thiab xim ntawm cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg los ntawm faus, tab sis kuj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntaub thiab

txawm paj ntaub thiab dai kom zoo nkauj. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 18th, ob qho tib si peasants thiab boyars hnav tib yam, qhov sib txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev nplua nuj ntawm fabrics thiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Peter lub Great txwv tsis pub cov boyars hnav khaub ncaws pej xeem, thiab txij li lub sijhawm ntawd nws tsuas yog nyob hauv cov neeg zoo tib yam nkaus xwb. Nyob rau hauv cov zos, cov tsoos Lavxias teb sab costume yog muaj nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, txawm hais tias lawv hnav nyob rau hauv nws tsuas yog nyob rau hnub so.

Cov khaub ncaws ua dab tsi hauv tebchaws Russia?

Rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv tebchaws Russia, cov ntaub ntuj tsim tau siv los ua khaub ncaws: paj rwb, linen, hemp linen lossis ntaub yaj ntaub. Lawv tau pleev xim nrog ntuj dyes. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, feem ntau xim yog liab. Hauv cov tsev neeg nplua nuj, cov khaub ncaws tau sewn los ntawm cov khoom kim heev tuaj txawv teb chaws, xws li txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub, furs, sheepskin thiab tawv tau siv. Woolen xov ua los ntawm yaj thiab tshis ntaub plaub kuj siv rau cov khaub ncaws sov. Cov pej xeem costume ntawm Russia yog heev nplua nuj heev. Kev kos duab ntawm cov ntaub thiab paj ntaub tuaj yeem ua nrog kub lossis nyiaj xov, lawv tau txiav cov khaub ncaws nrog hlaws, pob zeb zoo nkauj lossis hlau.lace.

Ntawm cov khaub ncaws hauv tebchaws Russia

1. Cov ris tsho hnav ris tsho yog txheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj niam. Lawv muab ib lub poneva rau ntawm lub tsho, saum lub "zapon" los yog ib daim ntaub, ces ib daim ntaub.

2. Tag nrho cov khaub ncaws tau xoob haum. Rau kev yooj yim thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txav mus los, nws tau ntxiv nrog cov duab plaub lossis oblique inserts.

3. Tag nrho cov costumes ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab muaj ib tug ntau obligatory caij - ib tug siv. Qhov no

Ib daim khaub ncaws tau siv ntau dua li kev dai lossis tuav khaub ncaws. Cov khoom siv rau ntawm txoj siv sia ua lub talisman.

4. Tag nrho cov khaub ncaws, txawm tias txhua hnub thiab khaub ncaws ua haujlwm, tau embroidered. Nws muaj lub ntsiab lus dawb ceev rau peb cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab ua kev tiv thaiv los ntawm dab phem. Los ntawm paj ntaub, ib tug yuav kawm tau ntau yam txog ib tug neeg: nws txoj kev sib raug zoo, hnub nyoog thiab teej tug mus rau ib tug tej yam genus.

5. Cov khaub ncaws Lavxias teb sab tau ua los ntawm cov ntaub ci ntsa iab thiab nplua nuj nrog cov hlua khi, cov hlaws dai, paj ntaub, sequins lossis cov duab ntxig.

6. Ib qho yuav tsum muaj ntawm ob tus txiv neej thiab poj niam cov khaub ncaws yog headdress. Hauv qee thaj chaw, rau cov poj niam sib yuav, nws tau ntim thiab hnyav txog 5 kilograms.

7. Txhua tus neeg muaj cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb ua koob tsheej, uas tau ua kom zoo nkauj dua thiab embroidered. Lawv sim tsis ntxuav thiab hnav nws ob peb zaug hauv ib xyoos.

Txoj kev hnav khaub ncaws hauv ntau qhov chaw

Russia yog ib lub tebchaws loj, yog li nyob rau thaj tsam sib txawv tib neeg cov khaub ncaws sib txawv, feem ntau tseem ceeb heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom zoo hauv ethnographic tsev cia puav pheej lossis hauv daim duab. Neegcov khaub ncaws ntawm cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb yog ntau ancient. Lawv tsim tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Ukrainian thiab Belarusian kab lig kev cai. Thiab, txawm tias qhov zoo sib xws, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov xim ntawm paj ntaub, cov qauv ntawm daim tiab lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub taub hau.

Cov poj niam poj niam hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia muaj lub tsho canvas, uas tau hnav nrog poneva - tiab viav vias. Hauv qee qhov chaw, tsis yog poneva, lawv hnav ib daim tiab andorak - dav, sib sau ua ke hauv ib txoj siv nrog braid lossis elastic. Los ntawm saum toj no lawv muab tso rau ntawm ib tug siab apron thiab zapon. Yuav tsum muaj txoj siv dav dav. Lub headdress muaj ib tug high kick thiab ib tug magpie. Cov khaub ncaws tau nplua nuj nrog cov paj ntaub thiab cov duab ntxig. Cov xim ci tshaj plaws tau siv rau hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm Ryazan xeev, thiab Voronezh craftswomen embroidered lawv lub tsho nrog dub qauv.

Cov poj niam cov khaub ncaws los ntawm lwm thaj chaw ntawm Russia

Cov poj niam Lavxias teb sab hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv txoj kab nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb muaj lub tsho, hnav khaub ncaws hnav thiab hnav khaub ncaws. Rau kev xaws khaub ncaws, cov khoom kim heev txawv teb chaws, xws li txhob lo lo ntxhuav, satin lossis brocade, tau siv ntau dua nyob rau ntawd. Cov tsho tau nplua nuj dai kom zoo nkauj nrog paj ntaub paj ntaub los yog cov qauv zoo nkauj. Sundresses yuav sewn los ntawm oblique wedges, nrog ib tug seam nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, los yog los ntawm ib tug ntaub. Lawv nyob ntawm txoj hlua dav lossis nrog lub xub pwg nyom. Decorated nrog braid, lace, dai khawm.

Lub taub hau ntawm cov poj niam hauv cov cheeb tsam no muaj cov kokoshnik thiab phuam qhwv caj dab. Feem ntau lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pearls los yog embroidered nrog hlaws dai. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, cov tsho da dej luv luv thiab cov tsho ntev ntev ua los ntawm ntujplaub. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, craftswomen nto moo rau ib co yam ntawm needlework. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub xeev Arkhangelsk, luxurious paj ntaub thiab lace twb paub, lub xeev Tver yog nto moo rau nws cov kub-kub kos duab, thiab cov Simbirsk outfits tau txawv los ntawm ib tug loj, zoo nkauj dai kom zoo nkauj kokoshnik.

txiv neej Russian suit

Nws muaj ntau haiv neeg tsawg thiab yuav luag tsis txawv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv. Nws lub hauv paus yog lub tsho ntev, feem ntau hauv caug-ntev. Nws qhov txawv feature yog txiav tawm ntawm neckline ntawm sab laug ntug, qee zaum nyob obliquely. Cov tsho zoo li no hu ua "kosovorotka". Tab sis nyob rau ntau lub xeev yav qab teb, qhov kev txiav tawm yog

ncig.

Pants feem ntau nqaim, lawv tau sewn nrog gusset kom yooj yim txav. Lawv tsis muaj hnab ris thiab fasteners, lawv tau tuav nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug braid hu ua "gashnik". Feem ntau lawv tau ua los ntawm ib qho yooj yim canvas daim ntaub los yog nyias wool nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim sawb. Hauv qee thaj chaw, piv txwv li, ntawm Don Cossacks, cov ris dav dav ntawm cov xim liab lossis xiav tau tshwm sim.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiv neej lub tsho yog ib txoj siv dav, uas, ntxiv rau nws qhov kev tiv thaiv tus nqi, kuj muaj cov kev siv tau zoo: ntau yam me me uas tsim nyog tau khi rau nws. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Russia thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb, vests hnav tshaj ib lub tsho kuj muaj ntau. Ntawm lawv lub taub hau, cov txiv neej hnav ib lub kaus mom mos, thiab tom qab ntawd - lub kaus mom.

tsab neeg lub tsho

Qhov no yog lub ntsiab ntawm khaub ncaws rau txhua tus neeg Lavxias, tsis hais poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog lossis kev sib raug zoo. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub los ntawm uas nws tau sewn, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nplua nuj ntawm cov decorations. Piv txwv li, lub tsho me nyuam feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov laus

niam txiv cov khaub ncaws thiab muaj tsawg kawg yog paj ntaub. Hauv ntau thaj chaw, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos hnav tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis nws. Tag nrho cov khaub ncaws Lavxias teb sab yuav tsum suav nrog cov khaub ncaws no.

Ntxhais hmoob lub tsho

1. Nws txiav yog yooj yim, dawb, thiab nws muaj cov ntsiab lus ncaj. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, lub gusset tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm caj npab.

2. Lub tes tsho ntawm lub tsho yeej ib txwm ntev, feem ntau xws li tias lawv npog cov ntiv tes. Qee lub sij hawm lawv kuj dav dhau lawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov bracelets tshwj xeeb tau hnav los txhawb lawv.

3. Txhua lub tsho tau ntev. Rau cov txiv neej, lawv feem ntau ncav cuag lub hauv caug thiab hnav ris tsho, thaum cov poj niam lawv ncav cuag hauv pem teb.

4. Feem ntau cov poj niam lub tsho tau sewn los ntawm ob feem. Sab saum toj yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub kim dua, nplua nuj zoo nkauj, thiab qis dua yog yooj yim thiab ua los ntawm pheej yig homespun ntaub. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom nws tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab ntxuav lossis hloov nrog lwm tus, vim qhov no hnav ntau dua.

5. Cov tsho tau ib txwm nplua nuj nrog paj ntaub. Thiab qhov no tau ua tiav tsis yog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj xwb, cov qauv no tiv thaiv ib tus neeg los ntawm dab phem thiab qhov muag phem. Yog li ntawd, paj ntaub yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub hem, dab tshos thiab cuffs. Lub mis ib feem ntawm lub tsho kuj tau npog nrog lub ornament.

6. Tus txiv neej muaj ntau lub tsho, rau txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov feem ntau elegant -ceremonial - hnav tsuas yog ob peb zaug hauv ib xyoos.

Sundress

Qhov no yog cov khaub ncaws poj niam feem ntau nyob rau hauv txoj kab nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Russia. Lawv tau hnav mus txog rau xyoo pua 18th hauv txhua chav kawm, thiab tom qab Petrine hloov kho, nws tsuas yog nyob hauv cov neeg ua liaj ua teb xwb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub zos, mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub sundress yog ib tug ntse khaub ncaws.

Nws ntseeg tau tias cov khaub ncaws no hauv tebchaws Russia pib hnav thaum xyoo pua 14th. Thaum xub thawj, lub sundress zoo li ib tug sleeveless tiab hnav saum lub taub hau. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau los ua

ntau ntau. Thiab nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw, sundresses tau hu ua ib lub dav shirred tiab hnav hauv qab lub hauv siab. Lawv tau sewn tsis tsuas yog los ntawm homespun canvas, tab sis kuj los ntawm brocade, satin los yog txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Sundresses tau sheathed nrog kab txaij ntawm cov xim ntaub, braid thiab satin ribbon. Qee lub sij hawm lawv tau embroidered los yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog appliqué.

Nyob ntawm sundresses

1. Tunic-zoo li tus lag ntseg oblique wedge sundress. Nws tau sewn los ntawm ib lub vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov ntaub folded nyob rau hauv ib nrab. Lub caj dab tau txiav raws lub quav, thiab ob peb wedges tau ntxig los ntawm ob sab. Lawv yooj yim tsis tsuas yog txiav: lawv tau sewn los ntawm homespun ntaub - canvas, zoo ntaub los yog ntaub plaub. Lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj raws lub hem, dab tshos thiab armhole nrog daim ntawm ci liab calico.

2. Swinging skew-wedge sundress tshwm tom qab thiab ua ntau dua. Nws tau sewn los ntawm 3-4 fabrics thiab decorated nrog patterned inserts, satin ribbons thiab paj ntaub.

3. Nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no centuries, ib tug ncaj viav vias sundress tau ua nrov. Nws tau sewn los ntawm ob peb ncaj canvases ntawm lub teeb teeb meem. Saib zoo li daim tiab sib sau ua ke ntawm lub hauv siab nrog obtxoj hlua nqaim.

4. Ib hom hnav khaub ncaws tsawg dua yog cov qauv ncaj, tab sis sewn los ntawm ob ntu: tiab thiab bodice.

Dab tsi ntxiv cov poj niam hnav hauv Russia?

Nyob rau thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm Russia, es tsis txhob hnav khaub ncaws hnav, lawv hnav poneva hla lub tsho. Qhov no yog ib daim tiab ua los ntawm peb txheej ntawm ntaub plaub. Lawv woven cov ntaub nyob rau hauv tsev, alternating woolen thiab hemp threads. Qhov no tsim cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov ntaub. Cov ponevs tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog fringe, tassels, sequins, thiab tus poj niam yau, qhov ci dua nws daim tiab tau dai kom zoo nkauj. Nws tau hnav tsuas yog los ntawm cov poj niam uas muaj txij nkawm, thiab daim duab hauv nws zoo li tsis slim li nyob rau hauv lub hnub hnav, raws li lub tsho feem ntau muab tso rau ntawm txoj siv, uas zais lub duav.

Ntawm lub poneva lawv muab ib lub apron, uas hu ua "daim ntaub" los yog "zapon". Nws yog sewn los ntawm ib tug ncaj daim ntaub, folded nyob rau hauv ib nrab nrog ib lub qhov txiav raws lub quav rau lub taub hau. Lub apron tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov kab txaij ntawm cov qauv ntaub los yog braid.

Thaum lub caij txias, lawv hnav cov tsho da dej ua los ntawm brocade lossis satin nrog ib lub wadded hauv ob sab phlu thiab feem ntau trimmed nrog pluab. Ntxiv rau cov tsho plaub, lawv hnav "ponitok" - cov khaub ncaws sov ua los ntawm daim ntaub.

Paj ntaub ntawm pej xeem khaub ncaws

Cov neeg muaj kev ntseeg ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Xwm, nyob rau hauv vaj tswv thiab ntsuj plig. Yog li ntawd, rau kev tiv thaiv, txhua yam tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog paj ntaub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau ritual festive khaub ncaws. Tab sis ib txwm pej xeem costume ntawm Russia kuj muaj ntau paj ntaub. Nws daim duab yog nyob rau feem ntau ntawm lub hem, dab tshos thiabcuffs. Paj ntaub kuj npog cov seams ntawm lub tsho, lub tes tsho, thiab lub hauv siab. Feem ntau, cov duab geometric, cov cim hnub ci, cov cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb, fertility, noog thiab tsiaj txhu tau siv. Feem ntau ntawm cov paj ntaub yog ntawm cov poj niam cov khaub ncaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau nyob hauv cov theem: raws hem, cov cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cov noob thiab cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau yog xim dub, thiab cov khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm cov noog, tsiaj txhu, hnub thiab hnub qub, ua nrog cov xov liab.

Tsis ntev los no, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg pib tham txog kev txhawb siab ntawm haiv neeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias. Thiab ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau pej xeem costumes ntawm Russia. Cov duab hauv net tab tom nthuav qhia cov neeg niaj hnub hnav khaub ncaws hauv tebchaws.