Boston Marathon yog ib qho kev sib tw ncaws pob txhua xyoo uas nthuav dav ntau lub nroog hauv Massachusetts. Nws yog ib txwm muaj nyob rau Patriots 'Hnub, hnub Monday thib peb hauv lub Plaub Hlis. Thawj qhov kev sib tw tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1897. Nws tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm thawj marathon ntawm 1896 Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Olympics. Boston Marathon yog qhov kev sib tw qub tshaj plaws txhua xyoo thiab tseem suav tias yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Lub marathon kos kwv yees li 500,000 tus neeg saib, ua rau nws yog qhov kev sib tw ncaws pob nrov tshaj plaws hauv New England. Txawm hais tias tsuas yog 18 tus neeg ncaws pob tau koom rau hauv qhov kev sib tw no xyoo 1897, nws tam sim no kwv yees li 30,000 tus neeg tuaj koom. Xyoo 1996 Ib Xyoo Boston Marathon tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg tuaj koom ntau tshaj plaws, nrog rau 38,708 sau npe los koom kev sib tw, 36,748 pib thiab 35,868 tiav.
History
Thawj Boston Marathon tau tsim nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1897, tau tshoov siab los ntawm kev txhawb siab ntawm kev khiav ntawm lub caij ntuj sov OlympicsXyoo 1896 hauv Athens. Nws yog qhov qub tshaj plaws tsis tu ncua ua haujlwm thiab qhov ntev tshaj plaws thib ob hauv North America.
Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub sijhawm los ua ke nrog kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Patriots 'Hnub thiab ua cim kev sib txuas ntawm Athenian thiab Asmeskas cov neeg tawm tsam ywj pheej. Thawj tus yeej yog John McDermott, uas khiav 24.5 mais hauv 2:55:10. Kev sib tw uas tau los ua lub npe hu ua Boston Marathon tau tuav txhua xyoo txij thaum ntawd los. Xyoo 1924, qhov pib tau tsiv mus rau Hopkinton thiab txoj kev tau txuas mus rau 26 mais 385 yards (42.195 km). Qhov no yog ua kom tau raws li cov qauv uas tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv 1908 Olympics thiab codified los ntawm IAAF nyob rau hauv 1921.
Boston Marathon thaum chiv thawj yog ib qho kev tshwm sim hauv zos, tab sis vim nws lub koob meej thiab koob meej, nws tau pib nyiam cov neeg sib tw los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb. Rau feem ntau ntawm nws cov keeb kwm, qhov kev tshwm sim no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab tsuas yog khoom plig rau kev yeej yog wreath woven los ntawm cov txiv ntseej ceg ntoo. Kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag khoom plig tsuas yog pib muab khoom plig rau xyoo 1980s, tom qab cov kws ncaws pob tau pib thim tawm ntawm kev sib tw yam tsis muaj khoom plig tseem ceeb. Thawj qhov khoom plig rau kev yeej marathon tau txais hauv xyoo 1986.
Sib ntaus sib tua rau poj niam txoj cai khiav marathon
Cov poj niam tsis raug tso cai los ua haujlwm hauv Boston Marathon txog xyoo 1972. Roberta Gibb, raws li cov koom haum ntawm kev sib tw, yog thawj tus poj niam ua tiav tag nrho cov kev sib tw marathon (hauv xyoo 1966). Xyoo 1967 KatherineSwitzer, sau npe ua "K W. Switzer", tau los ua thawj tus poj niam khiav mus rau qhov kawg nrog tus naj npawb kev sib tw. Nws tau tswj hwm kom nws mus txog qhov kawg txawm tias muaj qhov xwm txheej tshaj tawm zoo uas cov neeg ua haujlwm marathon Jock Semple sim rub nws tus lej tawm thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev khiav. Xyoo 1996, cov poj niam uas tau khiav tsis raug cai hauv marathon los ntawm 1966 txog 1971 thiab yog thawj tus hla txoj kab tiav tau rov qab lees paub tias yog tus yeej. Xyoo 2015, kwv yees li 46% ntawm cov neeg koom yog poj niam.
Rosie Ruiz scandal
Qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg tau tshwm sim ntawm Boston Marathon xyoo 1980 thaum tus neeg nyiam ua kis las Rosie Ruiz tau tshwm sim tawm ntawm qhov tsis pom thiab yeej cov poj niam haiv neeg. Cov tub ceev xwm Marathon tau ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thaum lawv pom tias Ruiz tsis pom ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm kev sib tw mus txog thaum yuav luag kawg. Kev tshawb nrhiav tom qab pom tias Ruiz plam feem ntau ntawm kev sib tw, thiab tom qab ntawd, kwv yees li ib mais (1.6 km) ua ntej txoj kab tiav, nws tau sib xyaw rau hauv cov neeg coob coob thiab yooj yim hla nws cov neeg sib tw. Cov kws txiav txim plaub ntug tsis tsim nyog Rosie. Xyoo 1980 Boston Marathon tau yeej los ntawm Canadian ncaws pob Jacqueline Garo.
Kev sib tsoo
Xyoo 1905, James Edward Brooks ntawm North Adams, Massachusetts, tuag vim mob ntsws tsis ntev tom qab khiav marathon, tsis rov qab los tsev. Xyoo 1996, ib tug txiv neej Swedish hnub nyoog 62 xyoo tau tuag ntawm lub plawv nres. Xyoo 2002, 28-xyoo-laus Cynthia Lucero tuag ntawm hyponatremia.
2013 Boston Marathon
Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 2013 marathon, lub Plaub Hlis 15 thaum 2:49 teev tsaus ntuj lub sijhawm hauv cheeb tsam, ntau tshaj li ob teev tom qab cov neeg yeej hla txoj kab tiav, ob qhov kev tawg tau tshwm sim ntawm Boylston Street, txog 200 meters ntawm txoj kab tiav, qhov deb ntawm uas yog 180 meters.
Cov kev tawg tau tua peb tus neeg thiab raug mob tsawg kawg yog 144 tus neeg, ntawm 17 tus neeg raug mob hnyav. Ntawm cov uas raug tua yog ib tug me nyuam muaj yim xyoo. Tsis muaj pab pawg neeg ua phem tau lees paub lub luag haujlwm rau cov kev tawg no. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb (FBI) tau tshaj tawm rooj plaub thiab cov duab ntawm ob tus neeg raug liam tau sai sai no.
Hnub hmo lub Plaub Hlis 18, ib tug tub ceev xwm raug tua nyob rau hauv kev tua nyob rau hauv Cambridge, tsis deb ntawm Massachusetts lub koom haum ntawm Technology, tom qab uas ib tug ua hauj lwm pib ntes ob tug neeg raug liam, cov kwv tij Tamerlan thiab Dzhokhar Tsarnaev. Tus hlob ntawm lawv, Tamerlan, tuag hauv tsev kho mob thaum sawv ntxov lub Plaub Hlis 19. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob ze tau qhia kom nyob hauv lawv lub tsev nrog lawv lub qhov rooj kaw. Kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem hauv Boston tau raug kaw, suav nrog txoj kev los ntawm lub xeev qhov loj tshaj plaws Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority thiab Amtrak railroad; Cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm qib siab raug kaw, ib yam li ntau lub lag luam. Tub ceev xwm hauv xeev-coj tib neeg txoj cai tub ceev xwm raided lub nroog Watertown, thiab Dzhokhar Tsarnaev raug ntes thaum 8:45 teev sawv ntxov lub Plaub Hlis 19.
Lub 2013 Boston Marathon qhov chaw tawg tau tua ib tug tub muaj 8 xyoo thiab ib tug poj niam hnub nyoog 29 xyoo (ob leegcov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog Boston), nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hnub nyoog 23 xyoo los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, yog qhov xwm txheej loj heev rau txhua tus tib neeg kev vam meej. Ntawm cov raug mob hnyav yog leej niam thiab tus muam ntawm tus tub tuag.
Marathon nres
Kev tawg ntawm ob lub foob pob nrog lub sijhawm ntawm 15 vib nas this suab nrov ze ntawm Copley Square hauv Boston. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg ua phem tawm tsam, peb tus neeg raug tua thiab ntau tshaj li ib puas tau raug mob ntawm qhov sib txawv. Cov yeej tau hla txoj kab tiav li ntawm ob teev ua ntej qhov tawg, tab sis tseem muaj ntau tus neeg khiav dej num uas tseem tsis tau ua tiav Boston Marathon.
Kev tawm tsam tuaj ua rau sawv daws xav tsis thoob: ua ntej kev tawm tsam, tsis muaj kev hem thawj los ntawm cov koom haum ua phem.
Cov khoom tawg yog hom uas tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim los ntawm kev noj cov lus qhia hauv Is Taws Nem lossis lwm qhov chaw. Cov khoom tawg tau nyob rau hauv 6-liter siab cookers uas tau muab zais rau hauv nylon cov hnab ev ntawv.
Tua tawm, caum thiab ntes
Tsis ntev tom qab cov duab tso tawm, kev tua tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Massachusetts Institute of Technology, tsis deb ntawm Lub Tsev 32 (Stata Center). Qhov no tau tshwm sim rau lub Plaub Hlis 18 thaum 22:48 teev tsaus ntuj (02:48 UTC). Ob peb txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm haujlwm. Cov mos txwv tau ntaus ib tug tub ceev xwm uas zaum hauv lub tsheb saib xyuas. Nws raug coj mus rau Massachusetts General Tsev Kho Mob, thiab, tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov kws kho mobtuag. Tus tub ceev xwm lub npe yog Sean Collier, hnub nyoog 26, keeb kwm los ntawm Somerville, Massachusetts, thiab ua haujlwm rau MIT Tub Ceev Xwm.
Cov kwv tij Tsarnaev txeeb tau nyiaj Mercedes SUV hauv Cambridge thiab yuam kom tus tswv rho $ 800 los ntawm ATM. Noj nyiaj, lawv tso tus tswv lub tsheb. Cov neeg raug liam tias tau ceeb toom nws tias lawv tau tuav lub luag haujlwm rau kev foob pob ntawm Boston Marathon. Tub ceev xwm taug qab lub tsheb mus rau Watertown, Massachusetts. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv Watertown tau tshaj tawm ntau qhov kev sib cav sib ceg thiab kev tua, thaum lub sijhawm tawg kuj tau hnov. Tib hmo ntawd, Boston Globe tau tshaj tawm tias qhov kev tua tau koom nrog cov neeg uas xav tau kev tawm tsam kev ua phem thaum lub sijhawm sib tw marathon. Kev tua nrog tub ceev xwm thiab kev tawg ntawm lub foob pob pov tseg los ntawm cov neeg ua phem tau pom los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Watertown. Ib tug ntawm cov kwv tij raug ntes tau, tab sis lwm tus tau khiav tawm hauv ib lub SUV raug nyiag lawm. Ib tug tub ceev xwm tsheb thauj mus los hauv Massachusetts Bay muaj hnub nyoog 33 xyoos hu ua Richard H. Donahue, Jr. tau raug mob hnyav hauv kev tua. Hmoov zoo, qhov txhab tsis tuag.
Thaum sawv ntxov lub Plaub Hlis 19, tom qab lub tsheb sib tw thiab kev tua nrog tub ceev xwm, ib tus neeg raug liam, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, raug coj mus rau Beth Israel Medical Center, qhov chaw nws tuag los ntawm ntau qhov phom sij thiab raug mob thaum lub sijhawm qhov tawg. FBI tau tshaj tawm cov duab ntawm ob tus neeg raug liam hauv Watertown cov xwm txheej. Qhov thib ob ntawm cov kwv tij, Dzhokhar, uas qee zaum hu ua "tus neeg raug liam hauv lub kaus mom dawb", tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw, raws li tub ceev xwm.kev ywj pheej. Cov tub ceev xwm hais tias cov kwv tij pov pob hauv tsev los ntawm lawv lub tsheb ntawm tub ceev xwm uas tau caum lawv ntawm Cambridge mus rau Watertown.
Nyob rau xyoo 2015, ib tus neeg ua txhaum ntawm kev foob pob, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, raug pom muaj 30 suav thiab raug txim tuag.
Memorial ceremony
Lub Plaub Hlis 18, kev pabcuam kev ntseeg sib tham rau cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev tawm tsam tau muaj nyob rau ntawm Boston's Holy Cross Catholic Cathedral. Nws tau koom nrog Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm Barack Obama thiab qee tus qub tub rog ntawm Boston Marathon.
2014 marathon doping scandal
Nyob rau xyoo no marathon, Kenyan khiav Rita Jeptu ua tiav thawj zaug ntawm cov poj niam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tsim nyog tom qab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Tiv Thaiv Doping tau hais tias nws qhov kev sim rau cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau hnov thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2015.
2016 Boston Marathon
Hauv 2016, Asmeskas Jami Marcele tau los ua thawj tus poj niam ua tiav Boston Marathon nrog ob txhais ceg txiav. Tus tswv tsev ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim yog Bobbie Gibb, tib tus uas khiav marathon raws nraim 50 xyoo dhau los, xyoo 1966. Tus poj niam 2016 tus yeej, Ethiopian Atzede Baysa, muab nws qhov khoom plig rau Bobbi Gibb. Nws pom zoo lees txais nws raws li qhov xwm txheej tias hauv ib xyoos nws yuav tuaj rau Ethiopia thiab xa lub khob rov qab rau nws tus tswv txoj cai.
