Khau Arsenal Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:47

Lub kaum Arsenal Ntauwd, tseem hu ua Sobakina lossis Bolshaya Arsenalnaya, nyob hauv Moscow Kremlin. Nws tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th thiab yog lub tsev zaum kawg nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kab los ntawm sab ntawm Red Square. Kev tsim kho ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau txoj kev hla mus rau Torg hla tus dej Neglinnaya. Lub kaum Arsenal Ntauwd ntawm Kremlin yuav tau tham txog ntau yam ntxiv hauv kab lus.

Keeb kwm kev tsim kho

Ua ntej koj pib piav qhia lub kaum Arsenal Ntauwd, koj yuav tsum xav txog keeb kwm ntawm nws kev tsim kho. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, lub Kremlin tiv thaiv vaj tse ua los ntawm cov pob zeb dawb (li no lub npe ntawm Moscow dawb pob zeb) poob rau hauv disrepair thiab los ua heev dyed. Tsar Ivan III lub Great tau txiav txim rau kev tsim kho vaj tse tshiab.

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais, kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab tsis cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov tsos thiab kev teeb tsa, tab sis nthuav dav Kremlin thaj chaw mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Ua ke nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm Kremlin fortressNws tau txiav txim siab los suav nrog hauv nws qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, uas tau tsim lub Corner Arsenal Ntauwd muaj zog. Cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg tau khaws cia uas hais txog kev tsim kho ntawm kaum tsev thiab cov kab ke (ntauwd).

Kev piav qhia dav dav

Hauv xyoo 1492, Pietro Antonio Solari, tus kws kos duab nto moo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tau raug caw los ntawm Ltalis los tsim cov tsev tshiab Kremlin. Nws yog nws uas tsim lub kaum Arsenal Ntauwd, tseem hu ua Sobakina lossis "strelnitsa nrog lub cache hla Neglinnaya". Qhov no yog hais txog lub qhov dej sab hauv.

Lub tsev no tau tsim tsa raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm XV xyoo pua thiab yog lub tsev tiv thaiv ywj pheej (fortress). Lub pej thuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, txawm tias cov phab ntsa ntawm Kremlin raug ntes los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.

Vim qhov tseeb tias nws yog lub ces kaum, nws yog qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv cov tuam tsev Kremlin. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub pej thuam no ncav cuag plaub meters. Cov theem ntawm tus archer, nyob rau sab saum toj, tsuas yog tuaj yeem ncav cuag siv cov ntaiv tshwj xeeb, thiab los ntawm qhov qhib nqaim heev hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam, nws tuaj yeem rub tus ntaiv li no, thiab tom qab ntawd nkaum hauv tus pej thuam uas siv cov lus zais hauv av.

khoom siv tsim khoom

lub ces kaum Arsenal Ntauwd tau ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub tsev tiv thaiv ntawm Kremlin. Ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv kev hla mus rau Torgov raws tus dej Neglinnaya, uas nyob ntawm Red Square.

BaseCov qauv tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kaum rau-sided qauv ntawm ib tug heev sib sib zog nqus foundation, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug zoo-caij nplooj ntoos hlav tau muab zais. Nws yuav tsum tau muab txhua tus neeg nyob hauv ntauwd nrog dej yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev.

Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov qauv, machicules (mounted loopholes) tau tsim uas protruded dhau ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub ntsiab qauv. Lub pej thuam tau crowned nrog battlements nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dovetail, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th tau hloov los ntawm ib tug parapet nrog lub thiaj li hu ua ya. Nws qhov siab yog 60 meters.

Ntawm lub tsev sab saud, ib lub tsev pheeb suab ntoo tau txhim tsa nrog lub tsev saib xyuas. Rau lub sijhawm ntev heev, Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Arsenal Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin sawv tawm tsam thaj chaw ib puag ncig ntawm lub nroog.

Kev txhim kho

Tseem muaj 7-8 tiers ntawm qhov khoob hauv lub tsev, thiab lub qhov rais qhib tau tsim ua lub tswb kom cov tub rog sab hauv tuaj yeem sawv ntawm qhov siab. Cov plag tsev ntawm txhua lub tier muaj cov plag tsev ntoo, uas tom qab hloov nrog hlau thiab pob zeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub 15th-16th centuries, ib tug ntxiv phab ntsa ntxiv rau lub kaum sab xis Arsenal Ntauwd, uas mus ncig tag nrho cov qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug semicircle. Daim foos no tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv txhua qhov thiab xav tias muaj peev xwm ntawm flanking thiab frontal (barrage) hluav taws.

Lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1672 txog 1686, tag nrho cov pej thuam ntawm Kremlin tau ntxiv dag zog. Ntawm Arsenalnaya, lub ru tsev ntoo pitched tau hloov nrog lub tsev pheeb suab octagonal, uas muaj lub hauv paus stepped. Nws tau crowned nrog octagon nrog huab cua vane thiab lub tsev pheeb suab. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, machicules tau tso tsegsiv tsis tau.

Hauv xyoo 1707, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Peter I, Arsenal ntauwd tau nthuav dav thiab ntxiv dag zog ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov phom loj tshiab. Cov foothills tau npog nrog av ramparts thiab tsib bolters tau txhim tsa. Xyoo 1701, kev tsim kho lub tsev arsenal pib, uas tau muab lub pej thuam nws lub npe.

Kev puas tsuaj thiab kho dua tshiab

Tom qab Fabkis txoj haujlwm xyoo 1812, Napoleon, tawm hauv Moscow, xaj kom kuv lub Kremlin. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau lub tsev raug puas tsuaj, ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa, thiab cov kab nrib pleb tshwm nyob rau ntawm kaum Arsenal Ntauwd.

Xyoo 1718, tag nrho cov tsev no tau rov qab los raws li cov duab kos ntawm xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lawv tau muaj sia nyob mus rau niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho dua tshiab tseem tau ua hauv 1829, 1894 thiab 1921. Lub Kremlin txoj kev kho kom zoo dua qub tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 2017, ua rau tag nrho cov khaub ncaws zoo li tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm lub kaum Arsenal Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov kev tsim kho vaj tsev zoo nkauj. Niaj hnub no, qhov chaw no - nrog rau Red Square - yog ib hom ntawv hu tsis yog rau Moscow xwb, tab sis rau tag nrho Russia.