Tainitskaya ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin: xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:49

Moscow Kremlin tau ntev los ua lub cim thoob ntiaj teb lees paub ntawm Lavxias lub xeev. Lub fortress qub nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Moskva River yog suav nrog rau npe ntawm UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites. Tsis muaj cov pej thuam tsis txaus ntseeg hauv Kremlin, txhua tus ntawm lawv tsim nyog muaj ib zaj dab neeg cais. Tab sis cia peb sim ua tib zoo saib dab tsi tsuas yog ib qho Tainitskaya pej thuam ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nws tau tsim thiab dab tsi yog nws architectural nta?

Moscow dawb pob zeb

Thawj pob zeb fortress ntawm ntug dej ntawm Moskva River tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum plaub hauv Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy. Nws tau tsim los ntawm pob zeb dawb, uas tau ua rau hu rau Moscow dawb pob zeb nyob rau ntau pua xyoo tom ntej. Thiab lub Moscow Kremlin maj mam pib tau txais nws tam sim no tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum tsib caug xyoo, thaum lub Lavxias teb sab sovereign Ivan lub thib peb pib ib tug loj-scale reconstruction ntawm yav tas los fortress phab ntsa.

Lawv tswj tau kom zoo nkauj ploj mus thiab tsis sib haum nrog cov xwm txheej thiab cov haujlwm ntawm Lavxias lub xeev, uas tau txais lub zog. Tainitskaya pej thuam ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog thawj ntawm nees nkaum tus pej thuam uas ntauwd saum toj no niaj hnub no.ancient fortress phab ntsa.

Southbound

Txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv ntiaj teb yog taw qhia rau kev coj ua los ntawm kev hem thawj los. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin tsis muaj kev zam. Los ntawm sab qab teb ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev tuaj ib qho kev hem thawj los ntawm Mongol-Tatar conquerors thiab steppe nomads. Tsuas yog ob peb xyoos ua ntej kev tsim kho ntawm Tainitskaya pej thuam ntawm Kremlin pib, lub peev ntawm Lavxias lub xeev tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog Khan Tokhtamysh. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Genghis Khan, uas tau ntes thiab plundered Moscow, tuaj ncaj qha los ntawm sab qab teb.

Yog li ntawd, cov Muscovites tsis muaj kev xav tsis thoob txog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim cov kab tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv kev hem thawj los ntawm sab qab teb. Thiab lub Tainitskaya pej thuam ntawm Moscow Kremlin, uas nws lub xyoo pua yog suav los ntawm lub era ntawm lub reign ntawm Tsar Ivan thib peb, yog thawj nyob rau hauv lawv kab. Raws li txoj cai ntawm kev ua tub rog lub tswv yim, nws tau nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm lub ntsiab kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm.

Yuav ua li cas lub Kremlin tau tsim

Lub Tainitskaya ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin, hnub ntawm kev tsim kho, raws li keeb kwm keeb kwm, yog 1485, tau tsim ua ib feem ntawm phab ntsa fortress ntsib Zamoskvorechye. Sovereign Ivan thib peb tau xaiv ib tug muaj peev xwm Italian fortifier ua lub taub hau thiab architect ntawm kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm qhov chaw, nws raug xaiv raws li Anton Fryazin. Lub Kremlin tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv theem, cov qub fortifications ntawm kaum plaub caug xyoo tau hloov los ntawm cov tshiab.

Thawj zaug hauv kev tsim kho yog phab ntsa sab qab teb ntawm lub fortress, yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv lub nroog. Thiab Tainitskaya pej thuam ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau nyob nruj me ntsis hauv nws nruab nrab. Nws tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev cai fortification ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Hauv nws, hauv qhov tshwj xeeb cache, muaj lub qhov dej - qhov xwm txheej no tau muab nws lub npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qab daus muaj ib tug zais cia underground tawm mus rau lub Moscow River. Lub pej thuam muaj lub qhov rooj nkag thiab ib tug retractable archer nrog ib tug lifting mechanism.

Architectural nta thiab cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm

Lub Tainitskaya Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev siv zog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv architectural. Nws muaj txhua yam koj xav tau los ua haujlwm fortification thiab tsis muaj dab tsi superfluous. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias qhov no yog thawj lub tsev ntawm Moscow Kremlin, qhov twg Italian kws kes duab vajtse siv burnt liab cib ua lub ntsiab lub tsev khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub tsev pheebsuab tetrahedral tiav nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab style tau tsa nyob rau hauv lub Upper tier ntawm tus pej thuam.

Lub sijhawm no, tus pej thuam muaj lub moos tawm tsam thiab lub tswb nrov. Cov neeg soj ntsuam tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau nws, lawv yuav tsum tau hu lub tswb nrov thaum pom hluav taws hauv Zamoskvorechye. Rau cov ntoo Moscow, lub tswb nrov hluav taws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tainitskaya Ntauwd tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tawg nyob rau hauv 1812 thaum lub sij hawm khiav tawm ntawm Napoleon cov tub rog los ntawm Moscow. Tab sis tom qab peb xyoos ntawm nwsrov qab los.

Tom ntej rov tsim dua

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thoob plaws nws ntau tshaj tsib puas xyoo ntawm keeb kwm, Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin yeej tsis tau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj. Tsis muaj leej twg nyob ze nws, tsis tas yuav tua los ntawm qhov khoob ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Thiab txij li thaum nws poob nws qhov tseem ceeb fortification, muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm nws qhov tsos. Cov rooj vag nkag tau raug kaw, txoj kev hauv av mus rau tus dej tau puv, thiab lub qhov dej zais cia raug kaw. Lub Tainitskaya Ntauwd tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab keeb kwm monument thiab ua haujlwm zoo nkauj rau Sofiyskaya Embankment ntawm Moscow River.