Ib puag ncig kev lag luam: lub tswv yim thiab cov yam ntxwv dav dav

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:46

Ib lub koom haum yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog qhov qhib thiab ua haujlwm uas tau txais cov peev txheej los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud (kev lag luam), thiab tseem xa nws cov khoom rau nws. Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav txiav txim siab txog lub tswv yim thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm pawg qhia, nrog rau lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem.

Lub tswvyim ntawm kev lag luam ib puag ncig

Ib puag ncig rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam yuav tsum raug suav tias yog kev sib raug zoo nrog cov koom haum kev lag luam, kev sib txuas hauv vaj tse, ntuj tsim thiab kev sib raug zoo, nrog rau tsoomfwv cov koom haum. Kev lag luam ib puag ncig ntawm tus qauv yog cais raws li hauv qab no:

• Microenvironment. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub koom haum yog xws li kev kawm: cov neeg muab khoom ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev npaj; cov neeg sib tw; cov neeg siv khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam; kev lag luam thiab resellers; lub xeev lub cev thiab kev cai lij choj; cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov nyiaj txiag thiab credit; lwm yam kev sib cuagneeg tuaj saib.
• Qhov ib puag ncig macro txawv los ntawm nws qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha. Cov khoom hauv qab no tshwm sim ntawm no: lub xeev ntawm kev lag luam; cov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb; kev nom kev tswv; NTP; socio-cultural conditions.

Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab lub xeev ntawm ib puag ncig?

Tom ntej no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam ib puag ncig. Yog li, lub xeev ntawm cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau yam:

• Txoj kev lag luam. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias los ntawm lawv lub xeev ntawm kev lag luam raug nthuav tawm, uas cuam tshuam rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub koom haum thiab txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav lawv. Nws raug nquahu kom suav nrog cov nqi nce nqi, qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pejxeem, qhov nyiaj tshuav thoob ntiaj teb kev them nyiaj, thiab lwm yam.
• Txoj kev nom kev tswv. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias theem ntawm kev nqis peev thiab lwm yam peev txheej mus rau ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm kev ruaj ntseg hauv zej zog. Tus cwj pwm ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov qauv rau kev lag luam yog qhia, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ntau lub luag hauj lwm los yog cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam los yog pawg neeg nws tawm, tsim kom muaj kev sib luag rau cov lag luam sib txawv.
• Txoj kev coj noj coj ua. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig uas muaj yeej hauv zej zog.
• Kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Qhov xwm txheej no nthuav tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ua kom cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, thiab yog li ntawd, kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
• Qhov tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb. Yog muaj yav tas loslub tswv yim hais tias lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig yog suav hais tias yog ib qho khoom ntawm kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv uas ua haujlwm kev lag luam rau kev xa tawm, tom qab ntawd tam sim no kev hloov pauv hauv ntiaj teb cov zej zog txhawj xeeb yuav luag txhua lub lag luam.

Intensive thiab nthuav kev lag luam loj hlob

Hnub no, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ob hom kev loj hlob hauv kev lag luam. Peb tab tom tham txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam hnyav thiab dav dav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, kev nce hauv cov khoom sib raug zoo yog ua los ntawm kev nce cov khoom lag luam hauv cov ntsiab lus ntau: kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib hom ntxiv, cov khoom muaj nqis (peev), av.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim khoom tseem tsis hloov pauv. Yog li, plowing ntawm cov av nkauj xwb kom tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov qoob loo, kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog tag nrho cov piv txwv ntawm kev xaiv dav rau. nce kev sib raug zoo khoom.

Intensive hom kev lag luam loj hlob, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm cov zis ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tom kawg yog raws li nyob rau hauv dav siv ntawm ntau npaum thiab qualitatively zoo meej ntau lawm yam. Kev nce qib ntawm kev tsim khoom yog feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws, kev ua tiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov thev naus laus zis siab tshaj, qhov siab tshaj plawskev siv nyiaj txiag, nrog rau kev txhim kho cov txuj ci ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Ua tsaug rau cov xwm txheej no, kev txhim kho ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov khoom tau ua tiav, nrog rau kev nce kev txuag peev txheej, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas ntawm ib puag ncig kev lag luam.

Thaum lub sijhawm scientific thiab thev naus laus zis hloov pauv, uas yog, los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws yog qhov kev loj hlob hnyav hauv kev lag luam uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Western lub teb chaws ntawm hom kev lag luam.

yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig

Tom ntej no, nws raug nquahu kom txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig kev lag luam. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis paub meej, qhov nyuaj, kev txav mus los, nrog rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv. Cov qeb kawg sawv cev rau ib hom kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam lossis lub zog uas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov A cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov chaw ib puag ncig.

Complexity nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog txhais raws li tus naj npawb ntawm yam uas cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yuav tsum teb rau nws tus kheej ciaj sia taus. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog theem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua yam.

kev mus los thiab tsis paub tseeb

Ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam yog qhov tsis paub tseeb thiab kev txav mus los. Cov yav tas kuj tseem hu ua dynamism. Nws yuav tsum tau to taub raws li qhov ceev uas tau hloov pauv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov kev lag luam (tshwj xeeb, tshuaj, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam), cov kev hloov pauv no tau muab coj los ua kom nrawm nrawm. Hauv lwm tus (piv txwv li, kev lag luam tawm), lawv tau qeeb me ntsis.

Tsis paub meej yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog ib qho haujlwm uas nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lub tuam txhab muaj txog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam ib puag ncig, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntseeg siab rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj. Qhov ib puag ncig sab nraud tsis paub meej dua, nws nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab uas pom tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig.

Dynamism ntawm kev sib raug zoo

Lub tuam txhab kev sib raug zoo nrog ib puag ncig sab nraud yog txhais tias muaj zog. Kev lag luam ib puag ncig yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau qhov kev sib txuas ntawm nws cov khoom, uas tau muab faib ua kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Nws raug nquahu kom xav txog cov lus qhia hauv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Ntaus thiab kab rov tav txuas

Txoj kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim tam sim tom qab lub xeev sau npe ntawm cov qauv, txij li txhua lub koom haum kev lag luam ua cov haujlwm cuam tshuam raws li txoj cai lij choj hauv lub tebchaws.

Kab rov tav kev sib txuas feem ntau ua kom muaj kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab muag cov khoom lag luam. Lawv qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov neeg muag khoom, cov neeg yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom, cov koom tes ua lag luam thiab, tau kawg, cov neeg sib tw. Schematically thiab loj kev sib txuas ntawm ib lub chaw lag luam nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sab nraud yuav raug tshuaj xyuas hauv qab no.

Qeb kab rov tav txuas

Yog li, qhov txuas tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas kab rov tav yogcov chaw tsim khoom. Nws cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg hauv qab no thiab cov qauv (hauv lwm lo lus, nrog cov neeg koom tes):

• Public formations thiab koom haum.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam (kev sib pauv, kev pabcuam ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam).
• Lub xeev txoj cai ntawm tsoomfwv (republica) qhov tseem ceeb.
• Cov khoom siv.
• Cov neeg siv khoom.
• Cov neeg sib tw.
• kev sib koom ua lag luam.
• Koom Haum (hauv zos) tsoomfwv cov qauv.

Yog li, peb tau txheeb xyuas qeb ntawm ib puag ncig kev lag luam, nws cov yam ntxwv, yam thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb sib npaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb txiav txim siab qhov kev faib tawm ntawm kev sib txuas hauv kev lag luam, uas niaj hnub no tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation. Hauv kev xaus, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sab nraud ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov chaw lag luam, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qib macro (hauv lwm lo lus, macro ib puag ncig) thiab qib micro (tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis micro ib puag ncig).

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias ntawm txhua qib uas tau nthuav tawm muaj cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam kev lag luam. Yog li, nyob rau qib macro, nws yog ib txwm ua rau ib leeg tawm ntawm kev nom kev tswv, ntuj tsim, kev coj noj coj ua thiab ib puag ncig.

Nyob rau theem micro, cov hauv qab no cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam: kev lag luam, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev koom tes, theem ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg muag khoom, thiab lwm yam.