Txij thaum ub, cov suab puam no tau ua qhov txuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam. Ntau lub caravans, mus hla nws mus rau Mediterranean, raws txoj kev enriched ntau lub nroog oasis ntawm thaj chaw suab puam loj no.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
cheeb tsam ntawm Syrian suab puam yog 1 lab square meters. km. Cov cheeb tsam txuas ntxiv ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm Arabian Peninsula thiab cheeb tsam Fertile Crescent (hauv thaj tsam ntawm Jordan, Iraq, Syria thiab Saudi Arabia). Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab yog 500-800 meters, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 1100 meters.
Feem ntau Bedouins nyob hauv cheeb tsam, lawv cov lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus yog ob peb hom lus ntawm cov lus Arabic. Lub tshav dav hlau ze tshaj plaws: Damascus International Tshav Dav Hlau thiab Palmyra.
geography
Cov suab puam Syrian (Esh-Sham), nthuav dav thoob plaws thaj chaw loj, ib feem npog qee thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev xws li Syria, Jordan, Iraq thiab Saudi Arabia. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, nws ciam teb rau lub hav ntawm tus dej Orontes, thiab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, Mount Euphrates.
Lub toj siab loj, qhov chaw uas npog nrog cov suab puam thiab cov steppes qhuav, hauv qee qhov chaw muaj ntau txog 1100meters saum toj roob hauv pes suab puam.
Ib yam ntawm thaj chaw no yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw xuab zeb nrog Arabian pob zeb suab puam (hamads). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov teb chaws lava nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb ntawm cov suab puam, thiab cov pob zeb uas tsis muaj sia nyob feem ntau yog nyob rau sab qab teb thiab hauv nruab nrab.
Rau cov suab puam Syrian (duab hauv kab lus), qhov txo qis hauv qhov siab ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb mus rau Euphrates yog yam ntxwv. Cov dej ntws qhuav ua rau tom kawg, uas tsuas yog qee zaus ntxiv nrog cov dej noo muaj txiaj ntsig thaum los nag. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm no yog me me thiab muaj feem ntau ntawm cov nyom drought-tolerant, subshrubs thiab shrubs, nrog rau lichens.
Geologically, cov suab puam yog tsim los ntawm Paleogene thiab Cretaceous limestones, nrog rau marls thiab cherts, qee zaum overlain los ntawm bas alt npog.
History
Cov suab puam Syrian tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub nyob hauv Syria thiab tsim ib tug txiv neej taug kev ncaj. Ua tsaug rau ntau yam kev tshawb fawb archaeological, nws tau paub tias lub neej nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm - txog ib thiab ib nrab lab xyoo dhau los. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav archaeological tsis tu ncua, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua qhov kev tshawb pom zoo siab uas ua kom paub meej txog keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob.
Nws paub tias 12 txhiab xyoo dhau los (thaum lub sijhawm glaciation) cov suab puam Syrian tau txais qhov tsis muaj neeg nyob thiab tsis muaj sia nyob thiab tseem nyob ntev heev. Ntxiv musBedouin nomads tau tshwm sim uas tau tsiv los ntawm lawv haiv neeg Arabian suab puam (mus rau sab qaum teb) mus rau cov tebchaws Syrian. Cov pov thawj ntawm qhov tseeb yog cov ntawv sau los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 1 BC - 4th caug xyoo AD. e.
Txoj kev lag luam suab puam ib zaug txuas rau Mediterranean thiab Mesopotamia. Ua tsaug rau ntau qhov kev lag luam caravans, lub nroog loj hlob nplua nuj thiab sai sai.
Roman Palmyra nyob rau hauv Syrian suab puam thaum lub sij hawm ntawd yog ib lub nroog nplua nuj tshaj plaws. Nws tau lub npe menyuam yaus "tus nkauj nyab ntawm cov suab puam." Txawm hais tias cov xuab zeb tuaj ze lub nroog los ntawm txhua sab, nws tau zoo kawg nkaus nruab thiab yoog rau tib neeg lub neej. Muaj cov dej ntws ntawm no los sau cov dej nag, thiab lub nroog nws tus kheej tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau qhov chaw nyob hauv satellite uas muab cov zaub mov tsim nyog rau cov pej xeem.
Tom qab lub tebchaws Loos lub caij nplooj zeeg, kev txom nyem ntawm lub nroog Oasis pib tshwm sim, thiab qee qhov txawm pib tawg. Palmyra kuj yog ntawm lawv. Vim lub fact tias lub cheeb tsam tseem muaj ib tug tseem ceeb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev thauj mus los), rau ntau centuries nws tau los ua ib tug "pob txha ntawm kev sib cav" rau ib co ntiaj teb no powers. Thiab tam sim no qhov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam no tsis ruaj khov, feem ntau yuav txaus ntshai.
Hnub no, suab puam tau txhim kho zoo. Tau ntau xyoo dhau los, nws tau ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj mus los - nws txoj kev thiab txoj kev loj hla nws, thiab cov kav dej tau hla los ntawm nws, txuas nrog ntau thaj chaw Middle Eastern nrog cov chaw nres nkoj. Mediterranean. Tag nrho cov no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntawm Iraq thiab Syria. Tshawb nrhiav hauv suab puam thiab hydrocarbon deposits.
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm Syrian suab puam yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws ib txwm ua si thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog. Lub sijhawm sib txawv, ntau yam kev nom kev tswv tau txeeb tswj cov chaw siv roj lossis rhuav tshem lawv kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum ua tsov rog hauv Iraq, ib txoj hauv kev muab riam phom rau Iraqi insurgents hla dhau suab puam.
Kev tsov rog hauv Syria tsis hla cov suab puam ib yam. Kev ua phem ua phem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau thaj av no. Ntxiv rau cov neeg, cov monuments priceless ntawm architecture kuj raug kev txom nyem. Vim muaj qhov xwm txheej nyuaj no hauv Syria, ntau tus neeg nyob hauv Syrian lub nroog nyob hauv cov suab puam tau tawm hauv lawv lub tsev.
Nature
Cov suab puam Syrian tsis txawv ntawm lwm cov suab puam hais txog cov nroj tsuag loj hlob ntawm nws (sparse thiab sparse). Shrubs, tshuaj ntsuab, semi-shrubs (ephemeroids thiab ephemera), suab puam lichens loj hlob.
Tamarisk thickets qee zaus loj hlob raws cov kwj deg. Nomadic tsiaj ua liaj ua teb (yaj, tshis, ntxhuav) yog ua ntawm no.
Climate
Cov suab puam Syrian muaj huab cua sov Mediterranean, hauv qee thaj chaw hauv av qhuav, sab av loj. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj, qhov nruab nrab cua kub yog +6.9 ° C, nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj - +29.2 ° C. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo los nag yog kwv yees li 100 hli.
Kev muab dej yog muab los ntawm qhov dej tsis tshua muaj. Thaj chaw ntawm Syrian suab puam tsis muaj dej, tsuas yog qee zaus muaj cov dej ntws nrog cov kav dej qhuav.
Sights of region
- Lub palace-fortress ntawm Qasr al-Kheir Ash-Sharqi, nrhiav tau hauv 728-729
- Palmyra ruins
- Lub Monastery ntawm St. Mauxes ntawm Abyssinia, ua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub 6th caug xyoo.
- El-Kovm - archaeological site.
- Byzantine fortress - kev sib hais haum ntawm Kasr Ibn-Vardan, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI thiab ua rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm Sasanian thiab Byzantine empires.
- Umayyad ruins Qasr al-Kheir al-Gharbi yog lub fortress ua hauv 727.
Npaj qhov tseeb
- Tau ntau pua xyoo, Bedouins hauv zos tau yug me nyuam cov neeg Arab nto moo thiab cov nees frisky nyob rau hauv suab puam. Cov nomads tau ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov nees. Nws raug txwv tsis pub hla lawv nrog lwm hom tsiaj, nrog rau muag rau lwm thaj chaw. Nws tsuas yog los ntawm Crusades uas Arabian nees tuaj rau Tebchaws Europe.
- Raws li ib zaj dab neeg, St. Mauxes ntawm Abyssinia (lub tsev teev ntuj nyob 80 mais ntawm Damascus tau tsim los ntawm nws lub meej mom), txawm tias muaj kev cia siab zoo rau kev muaj hwj chim thiab tau txais kev nplua nuj, tawm hauv nws tsev neeg thiab pib ua neej nyob ua ib tug ntseeg.. Txawm li cas los xij, nws rov qab mus rau qhov chaw no tom qab taug kev ntev. Qhov no tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm uas cov chaw no twb paub ua tsaug rau ntau tus xibhwb uas nyob hauv qhov tsua.
- Nyob rau hauv Syrian suab puam, thaum lub sij hawm excavations ntawm El-Kovm (2005), cov seem ntawm ib tug ntxhuav ntawm unimaginable loj tau pom.qhov ntev. Nws muaj hnub nyoog kwv yees li ntawm 150 txhiab xyoo. Cov tsiaj no zoo sib xws rau cov ntxhw (ob npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov ntxhuav ib txwm).
- Dr. Robert Mason hauv xyoo 2009 hauv Syrian suab puam nrhiav pom ib qho txawv txawv ntawm pob zeb, uas yog kab nrog cov nplhaib. Cov ruins ntawm cov tsev, xav tias ua haujlwm ua qhov ntxa, kuj pom.
