Ntaus Freemasons: list

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Ntaus Freemasons: list
Ntaus Freemasons: list

Video: Ntaus Freemasons: list

Video: Ntaus Freemasons: list
Video: What Did The Mysterious Secret Society Of Freemasons Actually Do 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Muaj ntau cov lus dab neeg txaus thiab kev xav nyob ib puag ncig cov zej zog kaw ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj tiag. Nws ntseeg tau, piv txwv li, tias Freemasons yuav luag tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb txog kev ntseeg thiab kev nom kev tswv tsis tau tham txog hauv cov kwv tij. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau lub xeev cov txiv neej thiab cov txiv neej pej xeem, kab lis kev cai, cov neeg nto moo yog cov tswv cuab ntawm cov tsev so.

Leej twg yog Freemasons niaj hnub

Lub koom haum zais cia ntawm freemasons tau tshwm sim rau lub Rau Hli 24, 1717 hauv tebchaws Askiv. Plaub lub koom haum uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nyob hauv lub nroog Great Britain tau muab npe tom qab cov npe ntawm cov pub uas cov neeg koom nrog kev txav mus los: "Apple", "Goose thiab ib daim ntawv ci", "Crown", "Grape txhuam". Nws yog lub Rau Hli 24, 1717 uas lawv tau koom ua ib lub Grand Lodge ntawm London. Freemasons xav txog lawv lub hom phiaj los txhim kho lawv tus kheej thiab lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, kev siab hlub, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb lawv suav tias yuav luag cov neeg nyiam kev ntseeg. Tab sis qhov tseeb, "freemasons"txhob tham txog kev ntseeg thiab kev nom kev tswv.

nto moo Freemasons
nto moo Freemasons

Freemasonry feem ntau thiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum tsis zais. Txhua tus tswvcuab ntawm Lodge muaj kev ywj pheej los thov kev ua tswvcuab ntawm kev sib tham zais cia, tab sis nws raug txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm lwm tus neeg nyob hauv pawg ntawm lub zog. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias "freemasons" kav lub ntiaj teb no. Masonic kev koom tes txoj kev xav yog raws li qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau lub xeev cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum yog influential personalities, politicians thiab pej xeem cov nuj nqis. Qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov kev xav no tseem muaj teeb meem, vim nws tsis muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zej zog kaw

Famous Freemasons ntawm lub ntiaj teb - cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, cov kws tshawb fawb, kws kos duab, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv xeev thiab cov neeg pej xeem uas cuam tshuam txog keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Muaj tseeb, nws muaj peev xwm tham txog kev koom nrog ntawm qee cov duab rau lub zej zog zais cia tsuas yog nrog qee qhov kev tshwm sim, muab qhov zais cia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Ntawm cov npe nrov tshaj plaws Freemasons, ib tus tuaj yeem sau npe George Washington (thawj Asmeskas tus thawj tswj hwm koom nrog Friedrichsburg Lodge hauv 1752), Voltaire (Fabkis philosopher thiab kws sau ntawv pib hauv Nine Sisters Lodge, Paris), Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austrian composer tau koom nrog tsev so " Rau qhov zoo" hauv 1784).

George Washington
George Washington

Cov npe ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kwv tij zais cia suav nrog cov kws ua yeeb yam, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg pej xeem, cov thawj coj hauv xeev. Lub zog ntawm Freemasonry yog tias lub koom haum suav nrog cov neeg ntawm ntau yam strata, txoj haujlwm, yog li Freemasonry muaj lub sijhawm.cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej. Ntawm cov neeg nto moo-Masons, cov neeg hauv qab no tau hais txog:

  1. Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, tus tsim tus mlom nto moo ntawm Kev ywj pheej, yog thawj tus tswv cuab ntawm Alsac-Lorrain.
  2. tus kws sau paj huam German Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
  3. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, tus kws sau ntawv Askiv thiab tus kws kho mob, tus tsim cov duab ntawm Sherlock Holmes thiab tus kws sau keeb kwm ntawm kev ntseeg.
  4. Sculptor thiab painter Gutson Borglum.
  5. Joseph Brant, thawj Indian Freemason ua keeb kwm.
  6. Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin, kws kho mob, tus tswv cuab ntawm tsoomfwv Fabkis.
  7. Genius civil engineer Gustave Eiffel
  8. kws sau paj lug Scottish Robert Burns.
  9. Austrian composer Franz Joseph Haydn.
  10. Eduard Benes, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Czechoslovakia (1935).
  11. Tus kws kho mob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Corps nyob rau Fabkis, tus kws kho mob ntawm tus huab tais Nikolai Romanov N. Arendt.
  12. Giusepe Garibaldi, "Italian George Washington", uas tau raug txim tuag hauv nws lub tebchaws thiab khiav mus rau Latin America thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Tebchaws Meskas.
  13. Simon Bolivar, tus muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog rau kev ywj pheej ntawm cov tebchaws Spanish.
  14. Alexander Griboedov, tus neeg sawv cev, tus sau zaj dab neeg Woe los ntawm Wit.
  15. Ib tus phooj ywg ze ntawm A. Pushkin, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws Anton Delvig.
  16. Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Ataturk), tus tsim ntawm niaj hnub Qaib ntxhw, tus nom tswv.
  17. American illusionist Harry Houdini.
  18. Ntaus tus kws kho tsiaj, tus sau ntau yam haujlwm ntawm biology Alfred Brehm.
  19. Napoleon Bonaparte thiab nws plaub tus kwv tij, suav nrog YauxejBonaparte, huab tais ntawm Naples thiab Spain.
  20. Fab Kis sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon.
  21. Joseph Rudyard Kipling, kws sau paj lug Askiv thiab kws sau ntawv, uas tau los ua thawj tus neeg Askiv tau yeej Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Tus kws sau nkauj Austrian zoo, tus sau ntau tshaj rau pua txoj haujlwm, tau koom nrog Masonic Order hauv Vienna xyoo 1784. Nws tau pib mus rau qib thib ob ntawm lub tsev so, thiab tsis ntev dhau los ua tus tswv mason. Ib tug ntawm cov nto moo legends hais tias Mozart nyob rau hauv lub Opera The Magic Flute inadvertently qhia txog cov secrets ntawm Masons, uas nws raug tua. Nws tsis paub tias qhov no muaj tseeb npaum li cas, tab sis txog niaj hnub no Masons kho cov hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab nrog kev saib xyuas zoo. Thaum tus Xib Hwb lub aria los ntawm Mozart's "Magic Flute" ua si ntawm Vienna Opera, ntau kaum tus neeg mloog hauv lub tsev tau sawv ntawm lawv lub rooj.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub teb chaws liberation zog nyob rau hauv ltalis thiab ib tug active fighter rau kev ywj pheej ntawm cov koom pheej ntawm South America, twb nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum txuam nrog lub Freemasons. Nyob rau hauv Brazil xyoo 1844 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Chaw Nyob ntawm Valor lodge, ces tsiv mus rau Cov Phooj Ywg ntawm Fatherland hauv Uruguay. Thaum nyob hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, nws Giuseppe Garibaldi tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Tompkins fraternity.

Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi

YJoseph Rudyard Kipling

Tus kws sau ntawv Askiv thiab kws sau ntawv tau los ua thawj tus neeg Askiv tau txais Alfred Nobel nqi zog rau kev sau ntawv, thiab ob xyoos ua ntej nws tau pib uaKev Cia Siab thiab Kev Ua Siab ntev Lodge hauv Is Nrias teb. Tau ntau xyoo nws yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv, mus txog qib ntawm tus tswv, thiab hauv tebchaws Askiv nws tau los ua tus tswvcuab muaj zog ntawm "Tus Kws Sau Ntawv Lodge" thiab ib tus tsim ntawm "Builders of Silent Cities" hauv Fabkis.

YJohann Wolfgang Goethe

Initiated into Freemasonry in 1780, yim xyoo tom qab ntawd tau txais kev kawm tiav qib siab. Goethe tau sau ntau zaj nkauj Masonic thiab paj huam. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Masonic cov ntaub ntawv yog suav tias yog nws cov dab neeg txog Wilhelm Meister. Yuav luag txog thaum nws tuag, Goethe tseem yog "qhov chaw txawj ntse ntawm lub tsev."

Johann Wolfgang Goethe: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?
Johann Wolfgang Goethe: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Daim npe nrov Freemasons ntawm Russia

Lub Koom Haum Lavxias Masonic yeej ib txwm koom nrog Western, tsis yog lub koom haum ywj pheej. Xib Fwb M. Kovalevsky tau pab txhawb kev sib kis ntawm cov kwv tij nyob hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj coj, nyob rau hauv 1901, Lavxias teb sab Higher School of Social Sciences tau qhib nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm lub Cosmos lodge. Lub hom phiaj (tshwj tsis yog kev kawm) yog npaj cov neeg koom nrog yav tom ntej hauv kev tawm tsam rau "kev ywj pheej ntawm Russia" hauv Masonic kev lig kev cai. Lwm nto moo Masons ntawm Russia:

  1. Alexander Suvorov, ib tug thawj Lavxias teb sab Freemasons uas tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ib tug kwv tij tsis pub leejtwg paub thaum lub Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog.
  2. Nikolai Novikov, tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Purse", "Truten" thiab "Painter", uas nws thuam cov neeg txiav txim plaub ntug, cov tswv av thiab cov neeg txiav txim, koom nrog lub tsev so "Astrea" hauv St. Petersburg hauv 1775.
  3. Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Mikhail Kutuzov tau pib rau hauv Lodge "Rau Peb Lub Caij Nyoog" hauv Bavaria.
  4. Alexander Radishchev, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm PeterThawj, tus tub ntawm tus tswv av nplua nuj, tau txhais cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Fab Kis Fab Kis rau Masonic Lodge.
  5. Aristocrat, philosopher thiab publicist Pyotr Chaadaev tau txais mus rau Masons hauv 1826, tau txais qib yim ntawm kev pib tawm ntawm cuaj qhov ua tau.
  6. Statesman Mikhail Speransky, tus tub ntawm ib tug pov thawj ntawm pawg ntseeg los ntawm Lavxias teb sab hinterland.
  7. Alexander Pushkin, uas tau nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Freemasons (ntau ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, leej txiv, txiv ntxawm nyob hauv qhov chaw zais cia), tab sis tsis quav ntsej txog kev koom nrog hauv kev sib raug zoo, sau paj huam ntawm cov rooj sib tham.
  8. Ib tus thawj coj ntawm Decembrists, Pavel Pestel, tau txais qib tsib ntawm kev kawm.
  9. Tus tub ceev xwm zais cia, uas yog qhov sib txuas nruab nrab ntawm Masons hauv Moscow thiab tus txais txiaj ntsig rau lub zwm txwv Pavel, Vasily Bazhenov.
  10. Alexander Bestuzhev, koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Senate Square, thuam, kws sau ntawv.
  11. tus neeg pleev kob kev cai dab qhuas, tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj Vladimir Borovikovsky, yog ib tus neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws ntawm Alexander lub sijhawm.
  12. Tsis muaj pov thawj: Peter the Great tej zaum yuav yog Freemason. Muaj ib qho version uas nws yog nws (ua ke nrog nws cov koom nrog Patrick Gordon thiab Franz Lefort) uas tau tsim lub Lodge Lavxias.
Mikhail Kutuzov
Mikhail Kutuzov

YMikhail Kutuzov

Tus naas ej freemason Kutuzov ntseeg tias kev ua tswv cuab hauv lub koom haum zais cia loj tuaj yeem hloov nws txoj kev xav ntawm poj niam thiab cawv. Nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ntau lub tsev so, tau pib mus rau qib xya, tau txais qhov khoom plig thawj zaug thiab nws tus kheej motto. Kutuzov tau faus rau hauv Kazan Cathedral, qee lub sij hawm ua ntejtu siab qhov xwm txheej tsim los ntawm lwm tus naas ej freemason-architect - A. Voronikhin.

Alexander Pushkin

Alexander Pushkin tau nkag mus rau Masonic tsev nyob hauv 1821, uas nws tau nkag mus rau hauv nws qhov chaw teev cia. Cov kwv tij sib sau ua ke hauv Chisinau, qhov chaw nws raug ntiab tawm. Tsis ntev lub thawv raug kaw, thiab ua ntej ntawd Pushkin, uas tsis yog tus qauv Freemason, tsuas yog tswj kom loj hlob tus ntsia hlau ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo ntawm nws sab tes xis - ib qho cim tshwj xeeb ntawm kev koom nrog hauv zej zog zais cia. Xyoo 1830, tus kws sau ntawv tau nyob deb ntawm Freemasons thiab tsis tuaj koom cov rooj sib tham. Qee cov kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum tau ua pauj rau Pushkin los ntawm kev siv Dantes, tus tswv cuab ntawm tsev nyob txawv teb chaws, rau kev ua phem. Kuj tseem muaj ib qho version uas thaum lub ntees tuag ntawm Alexander Pushkin, lwm tus naas ej freemason Turgenev pov ib lub hnab looj tes rau hauv lub ntxa - ib tug kos npe rau ntawm cov kwv tij.

Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Pushkin

Alexander Radishchev

Tsis muaj leej twg xav tau tias tus tub ntawm tus tswv av nplua nuj thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Peter the Great tus neeg ntaus pob, muaj ntau lub tswv yim txwv tsis pub kaw, yuav pib tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Russia. Tab sis Alexander Radishchev, tau mus kawm hauv Leipzig, ua phooj ywg nrog Masons. Rau tsib xyoos nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub tsev so, txhais cov hauj lwm ntawm Fabkis enlighteners rau Nikolai Novikov, tus tsim ntawm lub tsev so ntawm nruj mloog lus nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1790, tus naas ej freemason Radishchev luam tawm ntau tshaj rau pua daim ntawv ntawm Kev Taug Kev los ntawm St. Petersburg mus rau Moscow. Empress Catherine suav hais tias tus kws sau ntawv "tus neeg ntxeev siab phem dua Pugachev", yog li nws raug ntes thiab kaw hauv Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Lub tsev hais plaub tau txiav txim rau Mason rau kev tuag, tab sis lub txim raug hloov los ntawm kev khiav tawm hauv Siberia. Ces Emperor Paulrov qab Alexander Radishchev rau Moscow.

Ntawm Nthuav Tawm Freemasons

Puas muaj Freemasons hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no? Cov neeg paub zoo Lavxias Freemasons tau cuam tshuam cov xwm txheej keeb kwm, uas yog vim li cas hnub no nws tau ntseeg tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kwv tij zais cia tswj hwm ntiaj teb kev nom kev tswv. Tab sis me ntsis paub txog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum, vim lawv tsis nrhiav kev tshaj tawm. Ib tus kws lij choj uas paub zoo hauv Moscow, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Freemasonry, hais tias niaj hnub no hauv Moscow ib leeg muaj 5-6 tsev so, tus naj npawb ntawm txhua qhov tsis pub dhau ntau pua tus neeg. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet - tsib-taw lub hnub qub liab - tau coj los ntawm Bolsheviks los ntawm Masons. Qhov no yog lub cim qub uas yog ib feem ntawm theem ob ntawm Masonic lodges.

nto moo freemasons ntawm russia
nto moo freemasons ntawm russia

Cov npe ntawm Masons nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm tau luam tawm los ntawm cov neeg thuam keeb kwm Platonov. Nws hais tias cov Freemasons yog Luzhkov, Abramovich, Berezovsky, Gaidar (nws txoj kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsev so yog officially tsis lees paub los ntawm Masons lawv tus kheej), Nemtsov, banker Aven, Kasparov, Khodorkovsky, Govorukhin, human rights activists Alekseeva thiab Kovalev. Nws tsuas yog paub tseeb tias tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, tag nrho cov tsev nyob hauv Lavxias tau tsiv mus txawv tebchaws, tab sis rov qab mus rau Russia xyoo 1992. Tus so ntawm cov npe yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev noj qab haus huv irony. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov npe ntawm Masons nto moo ntawm peb lub sijhawm.

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