Korgalzhyn Reserve: piav qhia, qhov chaw, muaj thiab fauna

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Lub hlaws ntawm lub hnub ci zoo nkauj no yog qhov chaw cia siab zoo, uas yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv thiab qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv Kazakhstan nkaus xwb, tab sis thoob plaws hauv Central Asia.

Cov ntoo tsis muaj ntoo thiab tiaj tus yam tsis muaj cov cim ntawm kev vam meej yog npog nrog cov ntaub pua plag tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm cov nyom zoo nkauj steppe thiab cov pas dej zoo heev uas tsim qhov sib piv tsis tau xav txog rau tib neeg txoj kev xav. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm kev ywj pheej tsis muaj kev ywj pheej, txhim kho los ntawm ib qho kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov steppe, hloov ntxoov nyob ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo thiab lub sij hawm ntawm flowering ntawm ntau haiv neeg cov nroj tsuag.

Qhov chaw

Korgalzhyn Reserve nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Tengiz kev nyuaj siab hauv Central Kazakhstan. Ib nrab ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog nyob los ntawm Tengiz-Korgalzhyn system ntawm pas dej, thiab ib nrab yog thaj tsam loj ntawm steppe.

Nov yog ib qho ntawm ob qhov xwm txheej ntawm Kazakhstan suav nrogUNESCO cov cuab yeej cuab tam (Saryarka site - pas dej thiab steppes ntawm Northern Kazakhstan).

Thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog nyob 130 mais ntawm lub nroog Astana (sab hnub poob kev taw qhia).

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom cia

Tus nkauj xwb no tau tsim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1958. Nws cheeb tsam thaum ntawd yog 15 txhiab hectares. Lub cheeb tsam dej ntawm tag nrho cov pas dej uas muaj nyob hauv thaj tsam tam sim no ntawm cov ciam teb tsis suav nrog thaj chaw tiv thaiv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Kev nplua nuj ntawm kev ua si thiab kev yos hav zoov tsis tu ncua ua rau cov xwm txheej ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv no tau rov ua dua tshiab nyob rau ntau xyoo thiab thaum kawg nws tau ua tiav.

Dua ntxiv, Korgalzhyn State Reserve tau tsim los ua lub pas dej, tsis yog ib qho steppe. Hnub kawg ntawm kev tsim yog lub Plaub Hlis 16, 1968.

Tom qab ntawd muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv. Tom qab nthuav tawm xyoo 2008, nws thaj tsam tsuas yog ntau dua 543 txhiab hectares (xws li ntau dua 89 txhiab hectares - thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv).

Ntse

Hnub no, Korgalzhyn xwm cia yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv Kazakhstan. Lub Atbasar State Zoological Nature Reserve, nrog thaj tsam ntawm ntau dua 75,000 hectares, kuj tau raug xa mus rau kev tiv thaiv.

Vim li ntawd, tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntawm thaj chaw cia yog 707,631 hectares. Thaj chaw no loj dua li thaj chaw uas nyob sab Europe.

Ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv

thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia txuas ntxiv ntawm txoj kev hla ntawm cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw (Siberian-East African thiab Central Asian-Indian). Nws yog qhov chaw ntub dej tseem ceeb ntawm thoob ntiaj teb qhov tseem ceeb. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog ob lub pas dej loj Korgalzhyn thiab Tengiz, koom ua ke los ntawm thaj chaw loj heev.

thaj chaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thaj chaw loj thiab thaj chaw nplua nuj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Korgalzhyn Reserve yog qhov zoo rau kev yug me nyuam ntawm ntau yam noog. Cov dej loj loj muab qhov chaw nyob rau Asia cov noog dej loj tshaj plaws.

Cov khoom noj muaj peev xwm khaws cia ntawm tsuas yog ib lub Tengiz natural reservoir tuaj yeem muab zaub mov rau 15 lab tus noog. Qhov chaw zes ntawm cov neeg qaum teb tshaj plaws ntawm cov hom flamingo nyob ntawm no. Cov noog no muaj li 60 txhiab.

Flora thiab fauna ntawm Korgalzhyn Reserve

Kev lom zem ntau yam ntawm cov ciam teb, uas suav nrog 374 tus neeg sawv cev ntawm flora los ntawm 60 tsev neeg, yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Ntau tshaj 1,400 hom tsiaj hauv av thiab cov tsiaj hauv dej nyob ntawm no. Lub avifauna nyob rau hauv cia yog sawv cev los ntawm 350 hom, nrog rau 126 hom noog zes. Wetland inhabitants ntawm lub pas dej Tengiz-Korgalzhyn yog sawv cev los ntawm 112 hom, uas yog sib npaug rau 87% ntawm cov noog paub thoob plaws Kazakhstan.

Ntau tshaj 60 hom tsiaj tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu muaj npe nyob hauv ntau Phau Ntawv Liab. Tsiaj txhu ntawm Korgalzhyn Reserve suav nrog 43 hom tsiaj thiab 14 hom ichthyofauna. tsis zoo kawm nyob rau hauvkhaws cov kab, tab sis hnub no ntau dua 700 hom twb tau txheeb xyuas tias nyob hauv cheeb tsam no. Nco ntsoov tias lawv hom kev sib txawv yuav yog li 5,000.

Muaj 5 hom nroj tsuag hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Kazakhstan: drooping tulip, Schrenk tulip, Adonis (Adonis Volga), yellowish thiab drooping lumbago. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws yog Schrenk tulip, txawv los ntawm nws cov xim ci thiab loj loj, uas yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm thawj ntau yam ntawm tulips, bred nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th nyob rau hauv Holland. 40 hom ichthyofauna muaj npe nyob rau hauv Republican Red Book, 26 hom hauv IUCN.

Nyob hauv cov dej ntawm cov pas dej ntawm Korgalzhyn Lub Xeev Nature Reserve, txog li 10% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm Dalmatian Pelican nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab mus txog rau 20% ntawm cov dawb-headed os nyob. Whooper swans thiab black-headed gulls yog concentrated ntawm no, spoonbill thiab dawb-eyed duck tau pom. Thiab ntau lwm cov noog.

Lakes

Lake Tengiz yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Korgalzhyn Reserve. Hauv kev txhais lus los ntawm Kazakh, nws lub npe txhais tau tias "hiav txwv". Lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov dej saum npoo yog 1590 square meters. km. nyob ntawm cov dej ntsiab lus ntawm lub xyoo. Qhov loj tshaj qhov tob yog 7 meters, salinity ntawm cov dej tshaj cov mineralization ntawm lub ntiaj teb no dej hiav txwv los ntawm txog 6 zaug thiab yog 22-127 grams ib liter. Lub reservoir muaj ib tug sib sib zog nqus-siav stretch hu ua lub Big Tengiz, thiab ib tug loj bay nyob rau hauv nws sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab hu ua lub me Tengiz.

Muaj kwv yees li 70 Islands tuaj (loj thiab me) ntawm lub pas dej uas noog zes. Tengiz -qhov loj tshaj plaws drainless ntsev reservoir nyob rau hauv Central Asia. Lub peculiarity ntawm lub pas dej no nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws shores yeej tsis tau ntsib anthropogenic cuam tshuam. Xyoo 2000, nws tau suav nrog lub koom haum Living Lakes thoob ntiaj teb.

Korgalzhyn Lake yog qhov txawv ntawm Tengiz Lake. Nws yog qhov tshiab thiab nws qhov dav dav ntawm cov dej txuas mus rau thaj chaw loj ntawm cov txaj txaj. Lub reservoir muaj ob peb loj bays, uas yog sib cais los ntawm tuab thickets ntawm reeds. Yog li, ob peb lub pas dej tau tsim: Kokay, Isey, Sultankeldy, Zhamankol.

Zoo kawg

Qhov sib thooj ntawm Korgalzhyn Reserve mus rau lub nroog loj - Astana, lub koob meej thoob ntiaj teb (UNESCO World Heritage Site), cov toj roob hauv pes tshwj xeeb, tsiaj qus nplua nuj thiab cov neeg tuaj saib niaj hnub loj tshaj plaws hauv Kazakhstan - tag nrho cov no txhua xyoo attracts txhiab mus rau cov amazingly zoo nkauj qhov chaw tourists.

Ecotourism hauv cheeb tsam no yog tam sim no tsis tshua muaj thiab tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, ornithologists tuaj ntawm no los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb los saib xyuas lub neej ntawm ntau yam noog. Lub koob meej me me ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb no pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puag ncig hauv zos. Lub nroog me me ntawm Korgalzhyn, nyob ze ntawm lub vaj kaj siab no, yog qhov chaw pib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tuaj xyuas.