Txoj kev cruise missile Kh-55: yam ntxwv, duab

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Txoj kev cruise missile Kh-55: yam ntxwv, duab
Txoj kev cruise missile Kh-55: yam ntxwv, duab

Video: Txoj kev cruise missile Kh-55: yam ntxwv, duab

Video: Txoj kev cruise missile Kh-55: yam ntxwv, duab
Video: Russian cruise missile intercepted and destroyed by Ukraine in Zaporizhzhia 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Lub sijhawm thaum riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm dav hlau yog rab phom tsis siv neeg tau dhau mus ntev. Ntawm chav kawm, muaj ib tug nyob rau hauv txhua txhua niaj hnub kev sib ntaus sib tua fighter los yog interceptor, tab sis nws tiag tiag qhov tseem ceeb yog heev me me. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub hwj chim sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov niaj hnub Air Force yog ib tug cruise missile. Kh-55 yog ib qho ntawm thawj thiab zoo tshaj plaws qauv ntawm hom riam phom no, uas tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.

Pib txhim kho

cev x55
cev x55

Nws pib rov qab rau xyoo 1975. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ICB "Rainbow" tau los nrog kev pib los tsim ib hom tshiab ntawm cov cuaj luaj me me nrog lub taub hau nuclear, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Nws tsis paub tias yog vim li cas, tab sis qhov kev pom zoo tau pib tsis lees paub. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo tom ntej nws tau txais, thiab, ntxiv rau, cov nroj tsuag tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho nrawm ntawm hom riam phom no. Yog li, lub missile Kh-55 tau xeeb tub thiab coj mus rau lub neej los ntawm pab neeg txawj ntse ntawm Raduga Design Bureau. Tau kawg, nws siv sijhawm los ua tiav.

thawj cov qauv thiab sim teb

Thawj cov qauvpib sau hauv Dubna, thiab qhov no tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1978. Tab sis vim lub fact tias lub tuam txhab twb loaded nrog cov khoom ntawm Kh-22 missiles, nws tau txiav txim siab mus deploy ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Kharkov. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo, Kharkov cog tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij, thaum lub tiav lawm cov khoom tau sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv Dubna, tab sis tsis ntev lub enterprise tag nrho hloov mus rau lub kaw lawm voj voog.

Thaum pib ntawm 1978 (txawm tias ua ntej ua tiav txhua theem ntawm kev sim), tsoomfwv ntawm USSR txiav txim siab pib tsim cov foob pob hluav taws sai li sai tau. Thaum kawg ntawm 1980, thawj serial X-55 missile tau solemnly xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Txij thaum pib, nws tau xav tias Dawb Swans Tu-160 thiab Bears Tu-95 yuav dhau los ua cov khoom siv riam phom tshiab. Kev sim X-55 tau ua tiav ntawm Faustovo chaw cob qhia.

x 55 cruise missile ua
x 55 cruise missile ua

First tsis ua hauj lwm

Thawj lub foob pob hluav taws X-55 tau ya thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23, 1981. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub kaum os launches tau ua, thiab cov khoom ua tsis tau tejyam nyob rau hauv ib tug xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov teeb meem tau muab tawm tsis yog nyob rau hauv qee yam kev tsim teeb meem, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Tab sis vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau txhua yam hauv kev tsim cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb, yog tias nws muaj peev xwm muab cov roj teeb muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo?

Qhov tseeb yog tias cov foob pob hluav taws nrog lub taub hau nuclear tau tsim los ua ib txoj hauv kev uas, yog tias tsim nyog, kom ua kom lawv cov kev siv tau ntau tshaj plaws. Cov roj teeb txheem thoob plaws hauv "txoj kev" tsuas yog yuav tsis tuaj yeem muab lub zog rau txhua yam khoom. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog powered los ntawmLub tshuab hluav taws xob me me RDK-300.

pib nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog

x 55 lub tswv yim cruise missile
x 55 lub tswv yim cruise missile

Thawj zaug, lub foob pob hluav taws no tau txais los ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv Semipalatinsk. Xyoo 1983, thawj qhov kev tawm dag zog tau tuav, thaum lub sijhawm cov tub rog tau ua haujlwm tawm tswv yim hauv kev siv cov riam phom no nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ze li sai tau los tawm tsam. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, ib tug niaj hnub version ntawm lub Tu-95 tau raug lees paub, riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog Kh-55 (cruise missile).

Hauv xyoo 1984, lwm qhov kev sim tau ua tiav, uas qhia tias nws tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2.5 txhiab mais nrog qhov tseeb siab. Nyob rau hauv 1986, ntau lawm twb pauv mus rau lub nroog ntawm Kirov. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov khw sib sau ua ke, qee lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov cuaj luaj tau pib tsim tawm ntawm Smolensk Aviation Plant.

Lub ntsiab tsim nta

Qhov txawv ntawm X-55 yog dab tsi? Lub cruise missile tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus qauv aerodynamic tswvyim. Lub cev ntawm cov khoom yog hlau, ntawm welded pob qij txha. Qhov tseeb, ntau tshaj 70% ntawm lub fuselage ntim yog cov roj tank. Cov qauv hluav taws xob yog sawv cev los ntawm cov thav ntawv uas txhua yam cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej txuas nrog, lawv kuj yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov muaj zog docking ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws. Txij li thaum nws yuav tsum tau ua kom lub teeb pom kev zoo kom ntau li ntau tau, yuav luag txhua lub ntsiab lus tau ua nyias-walled.

foob pob hluav taws x 55 yam ntxwv
foob pob hluav taws x 55 yam ntxwv

Kh-55, lub foob pob hluav taws xob caij nkoj loj npaum li cas, muaj? Lub cev txoj kab uas hlanws yog sib npaug rau ib nrab ib 'meter'. Tag nrho wingspan tsuas yog tshaj peb meters. Lub nkoj ntev yog cuaj meters, qhov hnyav pib yog 1.7 tons, qhov siab tshaj plaws sib txawv ntawm lub hom phiaj yog ib puas meters. Hauv kev hloov kho tom ntej, tus nqi no tau txo mus rau 20 meters, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntau ntawm daim ntawv thov poob rau 2000 kilometers. Lawm, qhov kev xaiv no tsis haum rau engineers thiab zaum kawg.

Kev xaiv hloov kho

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm X-55. Lub tswv yim cruise missile nrog lub Performance index "SM", nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tshwj xeeb nyiaj siv ua haujlwm roj tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim, twb ya mus 3.5 txhiab kilometers. Tab sis tom qab, tsuas yog X-555 variant tau tsim, nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov uas kuj muaj structurally embedded mounts rau ntxiv roj tso tsheb hlau luam. Qhov kev hloov kho no tuaj yeem ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb txog li 3 txhiab mais.

Lub zog ntawm lub taub hau nuclear yog 200 kt. Tam sim no, hloov kho missile Kh-55 tau ua haujlwm. Nws cov yam ntxwv yeej zoo ib yam rau cov uas tau piav qhia, tab sis lub taub hau yog "khoom" tsis yog nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob, tab sis nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm TNT thiab hexken.

Aerodynamics thiab powerplant kev ua tau zoo

foob pob hluav taws x 55 photo
foob pob hluav taws x 55 photo

Txhua qhov projecting tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Txoj hauv kev no tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom txo tau qhov hnyav tshaj tawm, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau cov foob pob hluav taws tsis tshua pom rau cov yeeb ncuab radars. Cov stabilizers thiab tis yog folded ua ntej tso tawm, ncaj tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm squibs tom qab lub foob pob ua ntxaij X-55 (daim duab uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawmaircraft.

Tshwj xeeb hais yog tsim nyog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv. Lub R95-300 bypass engine ntawm lub turbojet txoj cai ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yog mounted nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw seem. Ib qho tshwj xeeb pylon ua lub hauv paus. Nws tseem yog complex, ncua ntawm lub cev ua ntej tso. Kev tso tawm kuj tau ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tshem tawm squib. Lub cav no yog compact heev, tab sis nws qhov hnyav rov qab yog 3.68 kgf / kg. Qhov no, rau kev sib piv, yog tag nrho raws li cov niaj hnub sib ntaus sib tua aircraft.

Vim qhov no, Kh-55 cruise missile, tus yam ntxwv uas tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab nws yog ib qho cuab yeej tsim nyog txawm tias niaj hnub no, muaj peev xwm tsim tau qhov kev kub ceev heev, uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Qhov tseeb, raws li tus yam ntxwv no, riam phom no tseem tsis tau qis dua rau ntau qhov kev txhim kho tshiab. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws no tsuas yog siv tau yog tias siv cov tshuab tiv thaiv qib siab tshaj plaws thiab ntse tshaj plaws. Muab hais tias lub rearmament ntawm lub sij hawm tam sim no yog unrealistically kim kim, X-55 yuav nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog peb lub teb chaws nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev, muaj peev xwm heev niaj hnub thiab tawm tsam zog.

Roj siv

cruise missile x 55 yam ntxwv
cruise missile x 55 yam ntxwv

Nws qhov zoo dua yog qhov tshwj xeeb "omnivorousness". Lub cav ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws no tuaj yeem khiav ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide T-1, TS-1 thiab lwm yam. Tab sis rau R-95-300, Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb tau sai sai tsim cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb T-10, uas zoo dua lub npe hu ua decilin. Nws yog tshuaj lom heev, tab sistib lub sij hawm ib tug caloric compound. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm cov roj no uas Kh-55 thiab Kh-555 missiles muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov yam ntxwv ceev tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam ntawm lawv lub davhlau.

Tab sis kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov roj hom no yog qhov nyuaj heev: decilin yog kua heev, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau zaus los tuav lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev. Thiab lawv refuel tsuas yog cov missiles uas tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub nkoj tsim cov phiaj xwm missile nqa ntawm kev npaj kev sib ntaus sib tua tas li. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov tub rog nyiam siv aviation kerosene, vim qhov no txo qis kev pheej hmoo rau cov tub rog lawv tus kheej thiab cov pej xeem pej xeem.

Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm

Kev taw qhia system - inertial, tag nrho autonomous, nrog rau kev hloov dav hlau nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av. Ua ntej lub davhlau, daim ntawv qhia kev siv ntawm thaj chaw uas lub hom phiaj yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws. Thaum lub davhlau, X-55 cua-launched missiles tuaj yeem ua raws li ob qho tib si cov lus txib los ntawm hauv av lossis huab cua, thiab siv qhov kev tswj hwm tus kheej kiag li, txav mus raws thaj av. Qhov no ua rau lawv muaj ntau yam riam phom tiag tiag thiab txaus ntshai heev.

Lub tswv yim yooj yim. Ua ntej, lub foob pob hluav taws yog pov rau hauv cov huab cua vim yog squib, tom qab ntawd lub tshuab txhawb nqa tau qhib, uas nws ya mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev mus rau nws lub hom phiaj. Lub davhlau yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov siab tsis tshaj 60-100 meters. Yog tias tsim nyog, X-55 tuaj yeem ya ntawm qhov siab ntawm tsuas yog 30 meters! Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tus kheej bypasses tag nrho cov obstacles, yuav cia li deviate los ntawmchav kawm, zam qhov chaw txheeb xyuas ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv accumulations. Cov chav kawm hloov txhua 100-200 mais.

Rau qhov no, lub npe hloov kho tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws. Thaum nws ncav cuag ib lub ntsiab lus, nws "nyeem" thaj av, raws li qhov chaw tshiab tau tso, tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm yeeb ncuab huab cua tiv thaiv.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thaj chaw tau raug tshuaj xyuas tas li tiv thaiv tus qauv khaws cia hauv lub cim xeeb, vim tias qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov muab trajectory yog tsis yooj yim sua. Nws yog vim qhov kev daws teeb meem uas cov missiles no muaj peev xwm tsom mus rau lub hom phiaj nrog qhov tseeb, uas yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo rau cov tiam dhau los ntawm riam phom ntawm chav kawm no. Thaum kawg, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Kh-55 yog lawv qhov tshwj xeeb nyuaj maneuvering, raws li lawv muaj peev xwm mus evade ua puas tsuaj rau huab cua tiv thaiv riam phom nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov mob.

missiles x 55 thiab x 555
missiles x 55 thiab x 555

Tam sim no, cov riam phom no tau ceeb toom tas li, tiv thaiv kev tswj hwm ntawm peb lub xeev. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub foob pob hluav taws tau tsim rov qab rau hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom hu nws "tso tseg" txawm nrog ib tug loj stretch. Nws ua tiav tag nrho nws cov haujlwm tag nrho, thiab cov kev hloov kho tshiab muaj peev xwm kov yeej txawm tias cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tshiab ntawm txhua tus qauv tau txais los ntawm NATO bloc.

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