Tiv thaiv xim rau tsiaj. Mimicry, disguise thiab tiv thaiv xim

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:52

Tiv thaiv xim yog xim tiv thaiv thiab cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj uas ua rau lawv tus tswv pom tsis pom hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv cov tsiaj nyeg. Kev tiv thaiv xim yog ua ke nrog qee tus cwj pwm ntawm nws tus tswv. Feem ntau cov tsiaj nkaum tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los uas phim nws cov xim, ntxiv rau, nws yuav siv sij hawm ib qho pose. Piv txwv li, ntau tus npauj npaim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov tis ua ke nrog cov pob zeb ntawm cov tawv ntoo, thiab cov iab, uas zes hauv cov reeds, yog tias muaj kev phom sij, ncab nws lub cev raws lub iab. stems ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj

Kev tiv thaiv xim yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob nyob rau theem pib ntawm ontogenesis (larvae, qe, me nyuam qaib), nrog rau cov neeg laus ua ib hom sedentary ntawm hav zoov lossis thaum so (piv txwv li, pw tsaug zog) rau lub sijhawm ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ib puag ncig hloov pauv sai. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ntau yam tsiaj, muaj peev xwm hloov xim thaum tsiv mus rau lwm yam keeb kwm yog vim li cas. Piv txwv li, ntawmagama, flounder, chameleon. Nyob rau hauv temperate latitudes, ntau yam tsiaj thiab noog yuav raug hloov xim raws caij nyoog.

Nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm peb hom kev tiv thaiv xim: zais, ua qauv qhia thiab ua qauv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tsiaj nyob hauv biogeocenosis tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm qee qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Kev tiv thaiv xim yog kev hloov pauv biocenotic tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov evolution ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov tsiaj txhu. Ntxiv nrog rau cov patronizing, kuj muaj cov lus ceeb toom, ntxim nyiam thiab dismembering xim.

tiv thaiv xim

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, kev tiv thaiv xim ntawm cov tsiaj ib txwm muaj qhov zoo ib yam li ib puag ncig uas lawv nyob. Piv txwv li, suab puam lizards los yog nab muaj xim daj-grey kom phim cov nroj tsuag thiab av, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av snowy muaj plaub thiab plaub. Qhov kev zais ntawm cov tsiaj no tso cai rau lawv nyob tsis pom cov yeeb ncuab. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tib yam rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw sib txawv kiag li. Piv txwv li, thov Vajtswv mantises los yog grasshoppers, lizards los yog Qav nyob rau hauv lub grassy cover ntawm nruab nrab cheeb tsam yog characterized los ntawm ntsuab xim. Nws kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv kab, tsiaj reptiles, amphibians, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv qee hom noog hav zoov hav zoov. Feem ntau, kev tiv thaiv xim tuaj yeem suav nrog tus qauv. Piv txwv li, ribbon butterflies muaj ib tug ornament ntawm ntau kab txaij, me ntsis thiab kab ntawm lawv tis. Thaum lawv zaum ntawm ib tsob ntoo, lawv ua ke tag nrho nrog cov qauv ntawm nws cov tawv ntoo. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv xim yog cov nyhuvcountershading yog thaum lub illuminated sab ntawm tus tsiaj yog darker nyob rau hauv cov xim tshaj ib tug nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntses uas nyob hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm dej.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog cov neeg nyob hauv tundra. Yog li, partridges los yog arctic hma liab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov muaj xim av kom haum cov xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag, pob zeb thiab lichens, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj no nws yuav dawb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg nyob hauv txoj kab nruab nrab, xws li hma, weasels, hares, ermines, hloov lawv lub tsho tiv no xim ob zaug hauv ib xyoos. Lub caij xim xim muaj nyob hauv cov kab thiab. Piv txwv li, ib tsob ntoo nplooj-tis nrog cov tis tis zoo kawg nkaus zoo ib yam li tsob ntoo nplooj. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov nws ntsuab, thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg nws tig xim av-daj.

Scaring coloring

Tsiaj muaj xim ci ntsa iab pom meej, feem ntau qhib, thaum muaj xwm txheej lawv tsis zais. Lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau ceev faj, vim lawv feem ntau muaj tshuaj lom los yog inedible. Lawv cov xim xim ceeb toom rau txhua tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig - tsis txhob kov. Feem ntau, nws suav nrog ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm cov xim: liab, dub, daj, dawb. Ntau cov kab tuaj yeem raug suav ua piv txwv: wasps, muv, hornets, ladybugs, swallowtail caterpillars, thiab lwm yam; thiab tsiaj txhu: dart qav, salamanders. Piv txwv li, tshuaj lom dart frog slime yog lom heev uas nws yog siv los kho cov xub taub hau. Ib tug xub tua tau ib tug tsov ntxhuav loj.

Yuav ua li cas yog mimicry?

Cia peb saib seb lo lus no txhais li cas. kev ua yeeb yamtsiaj yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov tsiaj tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nrog cov tsiaj uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws hauv cov xwm txheej tau pom thawj zaug hauv South American npauj npaim, yog li nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm hyliconids (inedible rau noog) dawb tau pom, uas zoo sib xws ntawm cov xim, qhov loj me, cov duab thiab kev ya mus rau thawj. Qhov tshwm sim no tau nthuav dav ntawm cov kab (iav butterflies zais lawv tus kheej li hornets, syphid yoov li wasps thiab muv), ntses thiab nab. Zoo, peb tau txiav txim siab dab tsi mimicry yog, tam sim no peb yuav cuam tshuam nrog lub tswv yim ntawm daim ntawv, dismembering thiab hloov xim.

tiv thaiv Uniform

Muaj ntau yam tsiaj uas nws lub cev zoo ib yam li ntau yam khoom ib puag ncig. Cov khoom zoo li no cawm lawv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov duab ua ke nrog cov xim tiv thaiv. Muaj ntau ntau hom kab ntsig uas tuaj yeem ncab tawm ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau ceg ntoo thiab khov, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas lawv dhau los ua zoo li twig lossis pob. Qhov zoo ib yam rau cov nroj tsuag yog dav nyob rau hauv cov kab kab mob: dab ntxwg nyoog mantis, adelungia cicada, cycloper, acridoxena, thiab lwm yam

Cov xim ntawm ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb yog kev sib xyaw ntawm kab txaij thiab cov pob zeb uas tsis sib haum rau cov duab ntawm tus tswv, tab sis ua ke nrog cov keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv cov suab nrov thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj. Xws li ib tug xim, raws li nws yog, dismembers tus tsiaj, li no nws lub npe. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog ib tug giraffe lossis zebra. Lawv cov duab pom thiab kab txaij yog xyaumpom tsis pom ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm African savannah, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaus ntuj, thaum huab tais ntawm cov tsiaj nyaum mus yos hav zoov. Ib qho zoo camouflage nyhuv vim yog cov xim dissected tuaj yeem pom hauv qee qhov amphibians. Piv txwv li, lub cev ntawm South African toad Bufo superciliaris pom tau muab faib ua ob ntu, vim li ntawd nws poob tag nrho nws cov duab. Ntau hom nab kuj muaj cov xim dissecting, uas ua rau lawv pom tsis pom tom qab ntawm nplooj poob thiab cov nroj tsuag variegated. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom kev zais no tau siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv qab dej hauv ntiaj teb thiab kab.

hloov xim

Cov cuab yeej no ua rau tsiaj tsis pom zoo thaum qhov chaw hloov pauv. Muaj ntau cov ntses uas tuaj yeem hloov lawv cov xim thaum lub keeb kwm yav dhau hloov. Piv txwv li, flounder, thalassoma, hiav txwv koob, skates, dev, thiab lwm yam Lizards kuj hloov lawv cov xim, qhov no yog feem ntau pronounced nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo chameleon. Tsis tas li ntawd, octopus mollusk hloov nws cov xim thaum muaj kev phom sij, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua txuj ci zais nws tus kheej li cov av ntawm txhua yam xim, thaum rov hais dua qhov cunning seabed ornaments tshaj plaws. Ntau yam crustaceans, amphibians, kab thiab kab laug sab masterfully tswj lawv cov xim.