Meshcherskaya lowland, los yog Meshchera, yog ib qho zoo nkauj zoo nkauj qub ces kaum ntawm Lavxias teb sab xwm, zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia hauv nws daim ntawv qub. Tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias zoo Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky sau tau zoo heev thiab muaj kev hlub zoo txog cov chaw no. Nws tau sau tseg qhov kev yooj yim thiab kev coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm Meshchera xwm, tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog lub zog zoo thiab ntxim nyiam, uas ib tus xav kov dua thiab rov ua dua.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom cia
Nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Meshchera, Oksky State Reserve tau teeb tsa. Nws hnub yug yog 1935. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim ib qho kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tshawb fawb cheeb tsam yog ib qho kev sim los khaws thiab nce cov pejxeem ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj - muskrat. Cov tsiaj zoo nkauj no yog tib lub hnub nyoog li cov mammoths uas ploj lawm. Thiab rau qhov no ib leeg xwb nws tsim nyog lub npe ntawm lub monument nyob ntawm xwm.
Nyob rau xyoo 1989, Oksky Nature Reserve nyob rau thaj tsam Ryazan tau nthuav dav hauv cheeb tsam los tsim qhov chaw sim biosphere. Qhov no yog tib lub ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv Russia uas ua raws li cov kev cai nruj ntawm MAB ntiaj teb no kev pab cuam rau biosphere reserves.
Natural characteristic of area
BKev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj av tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov nroj tsuag thiab fauna ntawm Meshchera. Lub caij ntuj no txias txaus, lub caij ntuj sov sov, thiab cov dej nag ntau xyoo tau tsim ib qho chaw zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nplua nuj thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm ntau yam tsiaj thiab noog.
Lub Meshcherskaya lowland tau tsim vim yog melting ntawm glaciers, thiab nws yog ib tug infertile xuab zeb tiaj uas them nrog ntau forests ntawm coniferous, deciduous thiab sib tov hom. Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm thaj chaw nyob ntawm Oksky Reserve yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub cev dej - ntau lub pas dej thiab cov dej ntws qis. Floodplain meadows txawv ntawm ntau hom tshuaj ntsuab.
Bison chaw zov me nyuam
Xyoo 1959, Oksky cia tau muab nws thaj chaw rau yug me nyuam Caucasian-Belovezhskaya bison. Lub chaw zov me nyuam npog thaj tsam ntawm ob puas hectares. Thaum thawj peb caug xyoo, ob lub kaum tawm ntawm cov tsiaj tsawg no tau coj los rau hauv nws. Rau tag nrho cov xyoo uas muaj nyob, kwv yees li plaub puas tus nyuj yug thiab loj hlob zoo.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov tsiaj yug hauv zoos, cov menyuam mos liab tau maj mam nkag mus rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias cov tsiaj yug hauv cov khoom tsim tsis tau hloov mus rau lub neej hauv cov tsiaj qus, uas yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj feem ntau ntawm lawv txoj kev tuag.
Txij li xyoo 1967, Oksky Nature Reserve kuj tau suav nrog hauv lub ntiaj teb kev pab cuam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm bison. Cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj no, yug hauv chaw zov me nyuam thiab tom qab ntawd muab tawm ntawm nws,dav sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib haum xeeb tshiab ntawm artiodactyls. Ntau tshaj li ob puas tsiaj tau txais daim ntawv tso cai nyob mus tas li hauv Chechen-Ingushetia, hauv Caucasus, hauv Oryol, Bryansk, Tver cheeb tsam. Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov menyuam mos liab hauv Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Romania tau ua tiav.
Ntshav pob kws tsawg hom cranes
Txhawm rau rov ua kom cov pej xeem fading ntawm Siberian dawb crane (Siberian Siberian Crane) hauv xyoo 1979, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub chaw zov menyuam noog, qhov chaw uas tau txais tos txais los ntawm Oksky Reserve. Daim duab qhia chaw, nyob rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Xwm, muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw zes ntawm Siberian Cranes thiab lwm hom tsiaj tsis tshua muaj cranes.
Rau qhov kev kawm thawj zaug ntawm niam txiv Tshuag, ob lub teb tsis tshua muaj tsiaj ntawm xya hom cranes raug coj mus rau hauv chaw zov me nyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, crane qe sau nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj qus tau muab nkag rau hauv cia. Tau ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiav, ib thiab ib nrab puas noog tau loj hlob. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov ciam teb tuaj yeem suav tias yog lawv lub peev xwm los qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas ya mus rau nws tus kheej. Rau lub hom phiaj no, dai gliders yog siv, los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub crane quaj tau hnov nyob rau hauv cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv, hu rau cov hluas kev loj hlob tom qab lawv.
Nyob ntiaj teb
Cov fauna uas nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Tebchaws Europe ntawm Russia. Lub Oksky Nature Reserve yog qhib los tiv thaiv cov pej xeem ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab noog uas tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj. Kwv yees li rau kaum hom tsiaj nyob ntawm thaj chaw loj.mammals, ob puas thiab tsib caug noog, thiab plaub caug hom ntses.
Lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov tsiaj qus sawv cev los ntawm hma, hma, raccoon dev, martens, ferrets, ermines, otters, weasels. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov cim ntawm ib tug lynx thiab ib tug dais xim av tau raug sau tseg.
Npua tau nyob hauv qhov chaw khaws cia hauv tsib caug xyoo dhau los. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tib neeg tau khaws cia nyob rau theem tas mus li vim muaj zaub mov ntau.
Npau tseg tau ntev los tsev rau cov neeg coob coob ntawm elk. Txhim kho kev txuag kev txuag tau nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov ungulates.
Ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej, feem ntau yog beavers, muskrats, minks, thiab otters. Insectivorous cov neeg sawv cev ntawm fauna yog moles, ntau thiab me me shrews, hedgehogs. Ntau tus nas kuj paub - dej nas, teb thiab hav zoov nas, vaj dormouse, hare, hare, ya squirrel.
Avifauna
Rau thaj chaw ntawm Oksky Reserve, npog nrog ntau yam hav zoov, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov noog sedentary: capercaillie, dub grouse, partridge. Cov noog fauna yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv predatory sawv cev. Cov no yog ntau hom hawks, kite, buzzard, zib ntab buzzard. Kuj tseem muaj cov noog uas tsis tshua muaj neeg raug tsim txom - dawb-tailed eagle, osprey, luv-toed eagle, falcon-balaban. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia cov neeg coob coob ntawm ntau hom owls, owls, owls.
Vim qhov tseeb tias muaj qhov qhib tsawg heev ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia, muaj cov neeg tsawg ntawm steppe eagle, golden eagle, imperial eagle, gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon.
Tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeebCov stork dub, uas tau dhau los ua ib hom cim ntawm Oksky Reserve. Tus noog tsim nws lub zes nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj-mus mus txog thiab nyob deb, ntshai ntawm predators thiab shunning neeg.
Kev kawm txog lub neej ntawm cov noog yog ua los ntawm kev suav rau ntau pawg ntawm cov noog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov. Ornithologists tab tom sau npe thaum kawm tshwj xeeb.
Nrhiav Hom
Lavxias teb sab muskrat yog cov tsiaj uas tsis muaj kab mob uas nyob hauv lub qub USSR. Cov kab mob no suav nrog hauv Cov Npe Liab ntawm IUCN hom (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), nrog rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia.
Tib daim ntawv tseem suav nrog cov puav loj thaum yav tsaus ntuj, yog ib hom puav loj tshaj plaws. Greater Spotted Eagle, los yog whooper eagle, ib tug tsawg noog ntawm prey, yuav tsum tau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Ua tsaug rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm Oksky State Natural Biosphere Reserve, qhov chaw nyob hauv ntuj rau cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshua muaj yog khaws cia, uas tso cai rau tsis yog tsuas yog tso tseg cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ploj tuag, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov pej xeem..
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Nature hauv Brykin Bor
Oksky Nature Reserve muaj lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm nws thaj chaw uas muaj cov yeeb yuj thiab zoo nkauj nthuav tawm. Lawv sawv cev yuav luag txhua tus tsiaj ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv hauv lawv qhov chaw ib puag ncig.
Cov kev paub dhau los yuav qhia koj txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom cia thiab kev ua tiav ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tau yuav luag yim caum xyoo. Nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw cia khoom, koj tuaj yeem taug kev musQhov chaw nyob ntawm Bison thiab Siberian Crane. Lub caij uas ntxim nyiam tshaj yog pub tsiaj thiab noog.
Kom cov menyuam qaib tsis txhob siv rau tib neeg, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw zov me nyuam tau hnav khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb coj tus noog laus. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev noj mov, ib qho cuab yeej zoo ib yam li crane tus beak yog muab tso rau ntawm tes.
Bison, txawm tias lawv cov tsos mob hem, coj tus cwj pwm rau tib neeg kom nyob kaj siab lug. Cov neeg tuaj saib zoo nkauj tau tso cai pub tsiaj nrog txiv apples, carrots, cov ntoo thuv hluas. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus tau tso cai thaij duab nrog tsiaj nyob tom qab.
Qhov chaw tiv thaiv
Oksky State Biosphere Reserve nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus dej Oka thiab Pra, npog tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm 55,760 hectares. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem, ib tug nruj kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam yog faib - lub core. Nyob ib ncig ntawm nws yog Biospheric Polygon. Sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm qhov chaw cia yog thaj chaw tiv thaiv.
cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig
Oksky Nature Reserve. Chaw nyob: Spassky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Ryazan.
Qhov chaw nyob ze tshaj plaws yog lub zos Brykin Bor.
Qhib sijhawm ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Xwm: txij 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj txhua hnub (tsuas yog hnub Monday).
Oksky xwm cia: yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd
- ntawm Ryazan siv txoj kev P123 mus rau Solotchi;
- tom qab tus choj hla Oka, tig thiab txav mus rau Spassk-Ryazansky;
- kev txav mus los ntawm lub zos Izhevskoye (qhov chaw yug ntawm K. Tsiolkovsky);
- Brykin Bor lub zos yog qhov chaw kawg ntawm txoj kev.
Qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho txoj kev taugyog 130 km.
