Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: biography, achievements, discoveries thiab khoom plig

Cov txheej txheem:

Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: biography, achievements, discoveries thiab khoom plig
Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: biography, achievements, discoveries thiab khoom plig

Video: Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: biography, achievements, discoveries thiab khoom plig

Video: Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: biography, achievements, discoveries thiab khoom plig
Video: Alexander Chizhevsky: Exploring the Sun's Influence | Scientist Biography 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Hauv xyoo 1930, Thawj Lub Rooj Sib Tham Thoob Ntiaj Teb ntawm Biophysics thiab Biocosmology tau qhib hauv New York. Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky tau raug xaiv tsa nws tus thawj tswj hwm hwm. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus pom zoo, nws raug hu ua tus tsim ntawm cov ceg tshiab ntawm kev paub txog txiv neej rau qhov dav ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas nthuav tawm ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub cell mus rau lub hnub. Nws raug hu ua Lavxias teb sab Leonardo da Vinci ntawm nws lub xyoo pua. Thiab thaum ntawd nws tsuas yog 42 xyoo, thiab nws tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub paj muaj tswv yim…

Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky
Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky

Tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau yug los thaum pib xyoo 1897 hauv thaj chaw me me ntawm Tsekhanovets ze Grodno, qhov chaw tub rog nyob, uas nws txiv, tus tub ceev xwm phom loj Leonid Vasilyevich Chizhevsky, tau raug xaiv. Niam - Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Neviandt - tom qab yug nws tus tub, nws tsis nyob ntev thiab tuag ntawm tuberculosis ib xyoos tom qab. Tus tub tus phauj, Olga Vasilievna Leslie (Chizhevskaya), tau saib xyuas tus tub.

Tus txiv tsis rov yuav dua thiab tau mob siab rau kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntawm nws tus tub. Pom nws penchant rau science, nwsnruab ib lub chaw kuaj mob tiag tiag hauv tsev, uas Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky ib txwm suav tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb. Los ntawm tus phauj uas hloov nws, nws nyiam nyiam cov tib neeg, thiab cov chav kawm hauv paj huam thiab pleev xim, uas pib thaum ntxov xyoo no, yuav nrog Chizhevsky tag nrho nws lub neej.

Ua raws li tus thawj coj ntawm tsev neeg, uas thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej dhau los ua tus thawj tub rog uas tau raug xa mus rau ntau lub tub rog, lawv nyob tau ntau lub hlis hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm Russia thiab txawv tebchaws, suav nrog Paris.

Kaluga

Xyoo 1913, Chizhevskys tau txais lub sijhawm los nyob hauv Kaluga ntev. Lub nroog no tau ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej - nws cov keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag pib ntawm no. Alexander Chizhevsky tau sau tom qab ntawd tias kev paub thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim nws txoj kev nyiam.

Qhov kev pom ntawm tus neeg xav paub tshwj xeeb no tau coj mus rau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw thiab, tej zaum, nyob rau hauv nws lub hwj chim twb nyob rau hauv 1914 Chizhevsky pib kawm txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hnub ntawm kev lom zem thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb. Lwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua ionized ntawm cov kab mob nyob.

Tom qab kawm tiav cov chav kawm qib siab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tiag tiag hauv Kaluga, xyoo 1915, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky tau nkag mus rau ob lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ib zaug - nws tau raug lees paub rau hauv Moscow Commercial Institute thiab tau txais txoj cai kawm ntawm Moscow Archaeological lub koom haum. Yog li ntawd nws txaus siab rau ntau yam ntawm lub neej tau embodied.ntawm ib tug neeg: nyob rau hauv ib chav kawm nws kawm qhov tseeb sciences - physics thiab lej, nyob rau hauv lwm yam - tib neeg.

Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich phau ntawv
Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich phau ntawv

"Lub sijhawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb-keeb kwm txheej txheem"

Xyoo 1917, ob txoj haujlwm rau thawj lub npe tshawb fawb tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Moscow: "Lavxias teb sab lus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th" thiab "Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab lej kev tshawb fawb hauv ntiaj teb thaum ub." Tus neeg sib tw degree tus neeg sib tw - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Nws biography raws li ib tug kws tshawb fawb hluas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev koom tes hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Xyoo 1916, nws tau tawm tsam los ua tus neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb rau ntawm Galician pem hauv ntej, ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj mortar, tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm St. George Cross thiab raug mob.

Txawm tias thaum pib ua tsov rog, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky tau tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv hnub ci kev ua si thiab cov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Tebchaws Europe, raws li nws pom, tau nce ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm lub hauv paus meridian ntawm lub hnub qub tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev ntawm cov hnub ci ntau tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd nws ua tib zoo kawm txog keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov neeg sib txawv hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev lees paub ntawm tus qauv no hauv keeb kwm. Qhov tshwm sim yog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv tau zoo ntawm nws cov kws kho mob hais txog qhov kev kawm hauv xyoo 1918.

Lub ntsiab lus kawg ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb hluas tau yuav luag poob siab: lub voj voog ntawm lub hnub ci kev ua haujlwm raws nraim nrog lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb hauv lub ntiaj teb biosphere thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej thiab cov txheej txheem kev nom kev tswv. Ntau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub neej ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov chaw: qhov zaus ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab huab hwm coj. Cov kab mob sib kis, qoob loo qoob loo thiab nyiaj txiag teeb meem, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab kev hloov pauv.

Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich Philosophy
Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich Philosophy

Science and paj huam

Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, tus kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm, kawm ib txhij ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow State University: kho mob thiab physics thiab lej. Nws txhim kho txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib pauv hluav taws xob hauv cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, ua kev sim hauv nws lub tsev kuaj hauv Kaluga, tau tshawb pom txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb tsis zoo rau huab cua ions ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj lub cev, ua haujlwm rau kev tsim cov khoom ntawm cov khoom no., tom qab ntawd hu ua Chizhevsky chandelier.

Thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tawm hauv kev kawm txog paj huam. Tus thawj coj ntawm ceg ntawm All-Lavxias teb sab Poetic Union kuj yog Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Nws cov phau ntawv, luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, yog ob qho tib si Lub Cev Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Keeb Kwm (1924) thiab Phau Ntawv Paj Huam (1919). Maximilian Voloshin thiab Pavel Florensky, Mayakovsky thiab Valery Bryusov, Alexei Tolstoy thiab Vyacheslav Ivanov tau hais zoo txog nws cov kev sim sau ntawv. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tau sau tseg qhov originality ntawm nws cov xim dej toj roob hauv pes, uas tau pleev xim rau lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj so.

Biography ntawm Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich
Biography ntawm Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich

Kev sib sau ntawm kev tshawb fawb pom thiab kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev sib koom ntawm tib neeg thiab cosmos - qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kws sau paj huam Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus cwj pwm rau lub neej tau qhia meej meej hauv cov kab no:

Peb yog cov menyuam ntawm Cosmos. Thiab peb Nyob Zoo

Yog li ntawd los ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes thiab inextricably muaj zog, Yuav ua li cas peb thiaj sib koom ua ke, Thaum txhua qhov taw qhia Lub ntiaj teb - tag nrho lub ntiaj teb yog tsom…

Tsis muaj ib tug yaj saub hauv nws lub tebchaws…

Qhov dav ntawm Alexander Chizhevsky qhov kev txaus siab ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsuas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv cov npe ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ua haujlwm uas nws ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov npoj yaig: zoopsychology, heliobiology, aeroionization, ionification, biophysics, space biology, hematology, structural analysis. ntawm cov ntshav, electrostaining technology thiab ntau ntxiv. Tab sis lawv feem ntau yog cov kws tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws. Chizhevsky tau txais qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsim nyog ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb hauv nws lub tebchaws tsuas yog tom qab. Thiab nws tau raug tsis kam mus ncig ntawm kev caw los ntawm ntau lub koom haum kev tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws.

Biography ntawm Alexander Chizhevsky
Biography ntawm Alexander Chizhevsky

Thiab ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb twb tau nyob hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov thiab "sharashkas". Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm nws cov tswv yim thiab cov kev xav txog kev tshawb fawb tau tawm tsam txawm tias cov neeg tsis paub qab hau tshaj plaws rau kev kov yeej ntawm communist ideology. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky yog cov neeg raug tsim txom hauv Stalin lub sijhawm. Ib tug luv luv biography ntawm nws raws li ib tug txim nyob rau hauv lub notorious Tshooj 58 ntawm lub txim txhaum Code pib nyob rau hauv 1942. Tom qab ntawd, rau 8 xyoo nws tsiv mus rau txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub loj loj Gulag - Ivdellag nyob rau hauv Northern Urals, Kuchino nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam, Karlag nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan.

Qhov no tau ua ntej los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom, sau npe obscurantist thiab lub hnub pe hawm, thaum Chizhevsky cov tswv yim hais txog lub zog ntawm lub zog cosmic ntawmbiosphere ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tsim txom cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov kev xav no thiab thim tus sau phau ntawv los ntawm cov xovxwm. Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1950. Nws yeem nyob hauv qhov chaw pw hav zoov kom ua tiav cov kev sim tsim nyog ntawm kev kawm txog cov ntshav. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau rov kho dua, tab sis tag nrho - tsuas yog tom qab tuag.

Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich luv luv biography
Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich luv luv biography

Leej twg

Nws yog leej twg - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich? Ib tug biophysicist uas ua pov thawj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog ntawm cosmos thiab tib neeg lub neej? Ib tug philosopher uas tshaj tawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab inevitability ntawm xws li kev sib raug zoo? Tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus neeg pleev kob uas tsis txawj xav thiab txawj ntse, nws tej hauj lwm puv nkaus lub zog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no?

Teb zoo rau ib qho ntawm cov lus nug no ua rau nws lub neej zoo heev.

Pom zoo: