Ntau tshaj li ib puas lub npe ntawm cov ntoo uas tsim cov genus ntawm ntoo thuv raug faib thoob plaws sab qaum teb Hemisphere. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee hom ntoo thuv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv toj siab me ntsis ntxiv rau sab qab teb thiab txawm nyob hauv thaj chaw sov. Cov no yog evergreen monoecious conifers nrog rab koob zoo li nplooj.
Kev faib yog feem ntau raws li thaj chaw faib khoom ntawm thaj chaw, txawm hais tias ntau hom ntoo thuv yog cog qoob loo thiab, raws li txoj cai, muaj npe tom qab yug me nyuam.
piav qhia dav dav ntawm tsob ntoo ntoo
Cov tsos ntawm ntoo thuv tuaj yeem txawv: feem ntau nws yog ntoo, thiab qee zaum creeping shrubs. Cov duab ntawm lub crown hloov nrog lub hnub nyoog ntawm pyramidal mus rau kheej kheej los yog kaus-puab. Qhov no yog vim kev tuag ntawm cov ceg qis thiab kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov ceg hauv dav.
Cov kab uas cov koob tau sau yog qhov qub, luv lossis elongated. Cov koob, sau rau hauv pawg, yog tiaj tus lossis daim duab peb sab, nqaim thiab ntev, tsis poob hauv 3-6 xyoo. Cov nplai me me nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cones nyob rau hauv uas cov noob tsim (nrog thiab tsis muaj tis).
Feem ntau, ntau hom ntoo thuv tsis dhau whimsical, drought-resistant, Frost-resistant thiab tsis xav tau fertile av. Cov nroj tsuag nyiam cov av xuab zeb qhuav thiab pob zeb, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no, Weymouth, Wallich, resinous thiab cedar pines yog qhov tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem loj hlob nrog cov av noo. Limestone av yog haum rau roob ntoo thuv. Tam sim no cia peb mus saib qee yam ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no.
Nov yog kab tias tsob ntoo coniferous tshaj plaws hauv Eurasia, uas tuaj yeem hu ua lub cim ntawm Lavxias teb sab hav zoov. Cov hom ntoo thuv yog photophilous, nws zoo nkaus li ib txwm nyob rau hauv huab cua hnyav sab qaum teb thiab hauv steppe tshav kub. Nws tsis yooj yim zam rau hauv nroog, tab sis nws yog cov qoob loo tseem ceeb rau kev tsim hav zoov ntawm cov av xuab zeb. Hauv kev tsim toj roob hauv pes, Scotch ntoo thuv yog nyob rau hauv kev thov rau nws ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj thiab kev loj hlob sai.
Ib tsob ntoo tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40 meters. Lub bark yog tawg, liab-xim av, nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas nroj tsuag nws yog nyias, me ntsis txiv kab ntxwv. Cov koob muaj xim xiav, ob npaug, tawv, txawm lossis nkhaus, 4-6 centimeters ntev. Lub hnub nyoog siab tshaj plaws ntawm tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo yog 400-600 xyoo.
Muaj ntau yam khoom tsim tawm qis-loj hlob thiab dwarf ntau yam ntawm Scots ntoo thuv. Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm ntau yam, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab yooj yim hla nrog hom xws li dub thiab roob pines. ATNyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev loj hlob, kwv yees li 30 daim ntawv ecological kuj txawv - ecotypes.
Siberian cedar ntoo
Lwm hom ntoo thuv kuj nrov. Nyob rau hauv Russia, ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hav zoov ntoo hom yog Siberian cedar ntoo thuv - ib tug haib tsob ntoo nrog ib tug nplua nuj multi-peaked ovoid crown. Cov koob yog luv (6-13 cm), ntxhib. Nws yog Frost-resistant, hlob nyob ze ntawm permafrost cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub taiga cheeb tsam. Cov noob ntawm cov cones loj yog edible thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv fatty roj. Nws nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 3 meters.
Siberian cedar ntoo
faib tawm hauv Western Siberia thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj. Cedar dwarf ntoo thuv muaj ib tug bushy zoo, loj hlob densely thiab muaj peev xwm coj cov cag nrog ceg qis rau hauv av. Nws yog ntau yam ornamental vim nws zoo nkauj xiav-ntsuab koob, ci liab txiv neej spikelets thiab showy liab-violet buds.
Weymouth Pine
zoo nkauj thiab siab Pine.
Ntau yam thiab hom ntawm North American conifers yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Weymouth ntoo thuv yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm nyias, mos thiab ntev xiav-ntsuab koob. Cov cones muaj ib tug nkhaus elongated duab. Nws zoo kawg nkaus withstands hnyav frosts, tab sis rau tag nrho nws unpretentiousness nws tsis haum rau cog greenery nyob rau hauv lub nroog.
Weymouth roob Pine
Qee yam paub zoo ntawm ntoo thuv loj hlob hauv Crimea, piv txwv li, Veymouth ntoo thuv. Qhov no yog ib qho zoo nkauj heev North American ntau yam, uas txawv ntawm yav dhau los luv luv xiav-ntsuab koob thiab loj, me ntsis nkhaus buds. Qhov siabNtawm tsob ntoo neeg laus - txog 30 meters, lub crown yog nqaim, reddish pubescence ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yog yam ntxwv. Qhov no yog tsob ntoo tshav kub-hlub, txawm hais tias nws nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv drought. Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov roob roob uas tiv thaiv los ntawm hiav txwv cua.
Pallas Pine (Crimean ntoo thuv)
Lwm hom muaj thoob plaws hauv Crimean ceg av qab teb. Pallas Pine yog tsob ntoo siab, txog 20 meters. Lub bark yog reddish-dub, speckled nrog tawg. Lub crown yog ntom, hloov cov duab los ntawm ovoid mus rau lub kaus-puab. Sib txawv nyob rau hauv kab rov tav kis ceg nrog qhov xaus khoov thiab loj cones. Crimean ntoo thuv yog photophilous, undemanding rau cov av, yooj yim hloov tsis muaj noo noo. Kuj tseem loj hlob hauv Caucasus, Crete, Balkans, Asia Minor.
Armand Pine
Zoo nkauj suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntev thiab nyias koob, cov noob roj tau noj. Loj hlob tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw sov sab qab teb.
Pine Banks
Qhov txawv ntawm nws cov qauv ntau yam, tuaj ntawm North America. Lub teeb ntsuab koob yog luv luv thiab twisted, lub cones yog nkhaus. Loj hlob mus txog 25 meters hauv qhov siab. Frost-resistant, unpretentious hom haum rau tej av. Nroj tsuag tsuas yog hauv botanical vaj.
Geldreich Pine
hom no muaj nyob rau hauv Balkans thiab yav qab teb Ltalis. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov koob ntev ntev ntawm cov xim daj ntseg ntsuab. Zoo li ntau lwm hom ntoo thuv, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv cov khoom, nws yog unpretentious heev, ntxiv rau, nws yooj yim zam hauv nroog. Tsis muaj zog - tsis txaus lub caij ntuj no-hardy rautxoj kab nruab nrab, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb.
roob Pine
roob pine kuj ntxim nyiam heev. Pine hom tau tawg mus thoob plaws sab qaum teb Hemisphere. Cov tsiaj no loj hlob nyob rau hauv toj siab ntawm Central thiab Southern Europe. Nws yog ib tsob ntoo loj uas muaj ceg ntoo los yog ib tug dwarf prostrate. Ntawm qhov kev txaus siab rau kev tsim toj roob hauv pes yog ntau hom ntoo dai kom zoo nkauj, los ntawm lawv tsim cov kev sib xyaw zoo nkauj raws ntug dej ntawm cov dej ntws, hauv cov vaj pob zeb, thiab lwm yam. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 10 meters, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog 40 centimeters.
Ntxhais paj ntoo
Ib qho ntawm lub caij ntuj no-hnyav hom cog hauv nruab nrab Russia yog lub npe liab Japanese ntoo thuv. Lub ntsiab mob rau nws txoj kev loj hlob zoo yog tsis ntev heev khov ntawm cov av. Cov koob yog ntev thiab tuab nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm ceg; thaum lub sij hawm plua plav, tsob ntoo exudes aroma. Tsis lees txais cov xwm txheej hauv nroog, loj hlob ntawm cov av xuab zeb tsis zoo.
Paj ntoo me me, lossis ntoo ntoo dawb
Japanese hom ornamental pines yog me-paj (dawb) ntoo thuv, uas tau txais nws lub npe thib ob rau qhov zoo nkauj dawb lossis xiav kab txaij ntawm cov koob, hais tawm vim kev sib tw. Nws tsis yog lub caij ntuj no-hardy, tsuas yog luv luv dwarf ntau yam loj hlob nyob rau hauv central Russia. Txij li tsob ntoo nyiam qhov sov sov thiab teeb pom kev zoo, kev nyab xeeb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub yog qhov zoo rau nws.
Pine yellow
Cov hom khoom kim heev nrog nqaim, pyramidal, openwork crown loj hlob ib txwm nyob hauv North America. Nws muaj koob ntev thiab zoo nkauj tuabtawv. Nws siv hauv paus hauv thaj tsam yav qab teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm Russia, tab sis khov nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb lub caij ntuj no txias. Qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo ncav cuag 10 meters. Nyiam qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm cua, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog rau hauv pawg. Pine daj tsis raug rau hauv nroog teeb meem.
Pine European cedar
Cov European hom ntawm cedar ntoo thuv zoo ib yam li Siberian "kwv tij". Qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv qhov me me, denser kis crown thiab ntev nyias koob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cones thiab cov noob ntawm tsob ntoo tsis loj heev. Loj hlob qeeb tab sis nyob ntev dua. Yuav saib zoo meej hauv ib leeg thiab pab pawg cog cog.
Korean cedar ntoo
Qee yam tsis tshua muaj kab zoo nkauj loj hlob hauv Far East, East Asia, Kauslim Teb, Nyiv. Hauv kev zoo nkauj, tsob ntoo coniferous no tuaj yeem muab piv nrog Siberian cedar ntoo thuv, txawm hais tias lub crown ntawm "Korean poj niam" tsis tshua ntom, pubescent nrog xiav-ntsuab koob thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb zoo nkauj. Cov noob txiv ntoo kuj tseem noj tau. Cov kab lis kev cai zam frosts nyob rau hauv central Russia ib txwm, loj hlob raws li ib tug stunted ntoo, txawm nyob rau hauv cov qus nws qhov siab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40-50 meters.
Montezuma Pine
Tus tswv ntawm koob ntev heev, ib txwm pom nyob rau sab hnub poob North America thiab Guatemala.
tsob ntoo loj hlob mus txog 30 meters siab thiab muaj ib tug sprawling spherical crown. Loj conical cones tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm 25 cm. Nws nyiam qhov chaw sov thiab av noo, yog li nws siv hauv paus zoo hauv Crimea. Tsis raug kab mob thiabkev cuam tshuam ntawm kab tsuag.
Pine bristlecone
Ntau hom ntoo ntoo, suav nrog cov ntoo thuv ntoo, loj hlob zoo thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Russia. Cov hom North American no yog qhov tsawg heev thiab yog tsob ntoo me me lossis hav txwv yeem nrog cov ceg ntoo uas tsim cov lush nthuav dav. Cov koob yog tuab, thiab cov cones muaj ntev spines. Txhua yam yog unpretentious thiab lub caij ntuj no-hardy.
Rumelian Pine
Ntau yam ntawm Balkan ntoo thuv muaj lub ntsej muag qis qis, ntom ntsuab koob 5-10 centimeters ntev thiab cylindrical dai cones ntawm ob txhais ceg. Cov tub hluas tua liab qab. Lub bark yog xim av, flaky. Rumelian ntoo thuv loj hlob sai thiab tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb pom kev zoo thiab av. Siv hauv chaw ua si kho kom zoo nkauj.
Twisted Pine (broad coniferous)
Loj hlob hauv North America thiab vim lub caij ntuj no hardiness yog bred nyob rau hauv central Russia. Cov kab lis kev cai nthuav dav thoob plaws thaj chaw loj raws ntug dej hiav txwv Pacific. Lub npe yog muab rau cov ntxaib twisted koob. Nws tuaj yeem yog tsob ntoo lossis tsob ntoo siab (txog li 50 meters) tsob ntoo, cov ceg qis ntawm cov ceg qis qis, thiab cov sab saud yog sprawling lossis coj mus rau saum. Cov kab lis kev cai loj hlob maj mam, tab sis nws yog unpretentious rau kev nyob tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv lub nroog.
Thunberg Pine
Ib yam tsis tshua zoo nkauj los ntawm Nyiv, uas tseem hu ua ntoo thuv dub. Qhov chaw nyob tseem ceeb yog hav zoov alpine, txog 1000 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Qhov no evergreen tsob ntoo hlob mus txog 40 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab. yasFeem ntau tsis xwm yeem nyob rau hauv cov duab, lub teeb ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog rau ntev txhav koob (8-14 cm x 2 mm). Lub bark yog dub thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yog txiv kab ntxwv thiab glabrous. Lub cones ntawm Thunberg ntoo thuv yuav luag tiaj tus, thiab cov noob grey yog tis. Cov kab lis kev cai nyiam sov thiab noo noo uas loj hlob zoo hauv Sochi hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Himalayan ntoo thuv (Wallich lossis Wallich)
Khoom kim heev longleaf ntoo thuv tuaj ntawm Himalayas thiab los ntawm cov roob Tibetan. Nws loj hlob sai, tsis zam frosts zoo heev, nws yog noo-hlub. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev coj noj coj ua hauv peb lub tebchaws yog Crimea, qhov chaw uas nws dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo heev. Cov ntoo hauv qhov xwm txheej nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 30-50 meters. Zoo nkauj 18 cm grey-ntsuab koob dai cia. Kho kom zoo nkauj daj cones kuj ntev - txog 32 centimeters. Cov hom yog cog rau pawg toj roob hauv pes cog.
Black Pine
Ntau yam zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntoo thuv yog cov qus, suav nrog cov ntoo thuv dub, uas tuaj rau peb los ntawm cov roob roob hauv Central Europe. Qhov no yug yog heev resistant rau nroog tej yam kev mob. Lub npe tau muab rau cov tawv ntoo tsaus nti thiab ntom ntsuab koob uas loj hlob profusely. Qhov no tsim qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo, tsis zoo li Scots ntoo thuv. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws yog tsim nyog rau lub steppe ib feem ntawm lub North Caucasus, txawm hais tias undersized hniav ntaub ntawv yuav bred ntxiv rau sab qaum teb.
Pine cones yog dab tsi?
Ntau hom ntoo thuv sib txawv ntawm lawv cov duab, qhov loj thiab xim. Tab sis tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog mos, daj-ntsuab thaum pib ntawm lub neej, thiab thaum lawv loj hlob tuaj, lawv pib txhav thiab hloov xim ntawm ntsuab tsaus mus rau xim av.
Qhov loj tshajQhov ntau thiab tsawg yog cov cones ntawm American Lambert pines - 50 centimeters ntev, Coulter - ncav cuag 40 centimeters, thiab Cilician fir, loj hlob txog 30 centimeters ntev. Cov cones me tshaj plaws, NW nyuam qhuav ncav cuag 3 centimeters, muaj Lyell larch thiab Japanese pseudo-hemlock.
Feem ntau, cov genus ntawm ntoo thuv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob sai thiab kev loj hlob. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov tsiaj uas yuav tsum muaj sia nyob hauv cov huab cua nyuaj: siab hauv roob, hauv swamps, ntawm txhais tau tias pob zeb av, nyob rau sab qaum teb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntoo muaj zog yog reborn rau hauv stunted thiab dwarf ntau yam. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj kev txaus siab rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj toj roob hauv pes.
