Cov pob zeb no tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam xim - los ntawm daj thiab liab mus rau xiav, ntshav thiab txawm dub. Qee zaum, txawm tias tsis tshua muaj, txawm tias cov qauv tsis muaj xim pom. Qhov no yog fluorite, lub pob zeb uas muaj ib puas lub ntsej muag thiab siv ntau npaum li cas.
Fluorspar: lub cev muaj zog
Cov pob zeb no tau paub rau tib neeg hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm yam txij li thaum ub. Nws tau siv, ntawm lwm yam, hauv smelting ntawm ores, uas pab kom tshem tau lawv ntawm slags sai thiab yooj yim dua. Ib lub ntsiab lus rau fluorspar, uas yog siv ntau zaus hauv mineralogy, yog fluorite. Lwm lub npe cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj formula yog calcium fluoride.
Fluorspar feem ntau yog lub cubic siv lead ua nrog lub vitreous luster. Xim tuaj yeem sib txawv: muaj xim daj, xiav, xiav, liab-liab, dub-violet thiab lwm yam tones. Crystals kuj tuaj yeem tsis muaj xim, txawm tias qhov no tsis tshua muaj. Cov xim yog zonal - nws cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov, nrog rau hluav taws xob.
Fluorspar muaj cov khoom xav paub heev: duab- thiab thermoluminescence. Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias cov qauv ci ntsa iab hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, hluav taws xob kuj tau pom thaum raug siabkub thiab ultraviolet. Ntawm 1360 degrees Celsius, cov ntxhia melts.
Lub npe ntawm spar, txawm tias nws keeb kwm nplua nuj, tsuas yog muab rau xyoo pua 16th los ntawm George Agricola, "txiv" ntawm mineralogy. Obviously, lub npe fluorite (los ntawm Latin fluores) tau xaiv los ntawm vim nws lub teeb los yog vim nws siv hauv kev ua cov ore. Los ntawm txoj kev, fluorine tau txais nws lub npe - fluorum - precisely los ntawm lub pob zeb, thiab tsis vice versa, vim hais tias cov tshuaj yog thawj muab rho tawm los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av. Yog li, peb paub dab tsi ntxiv txog fluorite?
Formula thiab tshuaj muaj zog
Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, fluorite yog CaF2. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau nws muaj ntau yam impurities, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov khoom ntawm lub pob zeb, hloov qhov xwm ntawm nws cov xim.
Fluorite reacts nrog sulfuric acid, tso tshuaj lom hydrogen fluoride, uas, thaum nqus tau, feem ntau ua rau tuag ntawm cov neeg sim nrhiav lub legendary Philosopher's pob zeb. Yog li ntawd lub koob meej "dab ntxwg nyoog" raug kho rau cov ntxhia.
Nrog nws cov kev pab, lwm cov tshuaj fluorine tau txais, nrog rau cov khoom hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov khoom nrhiav tau tshaj plaws yog hydrofluoric acid.
Ntau yam
Fluorite yog ib lub pob zeb uas muaj ib puas lub ntsej muag, vim nws tuaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam xim thiab ntxoov ntxoo. Raws li lawv, raws li txoj cai, qee yam ntawm nws ntau yam txawv:
- Anthozonite - muaj cov yam ntxwv tsaus liab doog xim,muaj ntau cov tshuaj fluorine, xov tooj cua;
- Chlorophane yog ntau yam ntsuab, vim muaj cov samarium ions hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws tseem hu ua fake emerald;
- ratovkid - tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim ntawm ntshav mus rau xiav-violet thiab lub ntiaj teb los yog nplua-grained qauv;
- yttrofluorite - vim yog hloov cov calcium nrog yttrium thiab raug hluav taws xob, nws tau txais cov xim daj.
Kev lig kev cai, fluorspar tau yuam kev rau cov zaub mov nobler xws li topazes, emeralds, amethysts, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yooj yim los qhia sib nrug. Fluorite yog ib lub pob zeb uas tsis yog ib qho nyuaj, yog li koj tuaj yeem yooj yim khawb nws nrog rab koob lossis riam. Ntawm Mohs nplai, nws sib raug rau tus lej 4. Qhov no ua rau kev ua cov ntxhia nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los ua haujlwm zoo heev.
Production
Fluorspar yog ib qho ntawm cov zaub mov feem ntau. Nws cov deposits feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv dolomites, limestones, hydrothermal ores. Nws yog nrog rau qee lub pob zeb: quartz, galena, calcite, gypsum, apatite, topaz, tourmaline, thiab lwm yam.
Cov nyiaj paub ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, hauv tebchaws Askiv, yuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv Central Asia, Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Central America, nrog rau hauv Transbaikalia, Buryatia, Primorsky Krai. Feem ntau muaj cov qauv ntawm 5-6, tsawg dua mus txog 20 centimeters. Qhov loj tshaj plaws exporters ntawm mineral yog Mongolia, Tuam Tshoj thiab Mexico. Kazakhstan kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag fluorites.
Siv
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, tib neeg tau paub cov ntxhia fluorspar txij thaum ub. Lawv kuj pom ib qho kev siv rau nws sai heev: lawv ua cov khoom me me ntawm cov tais diav, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab txhua yam ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm nws. Piv txwv li, hauv Rome thaum ub, vases ua los ntawm nws tau hu ua murine thiab muaj nuj nqis heev.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlau ua, nws tau pom tias cov ntxhia fluorite yog ib qho zoo heev flux, uas yog, nws txo qis qhov melting point ntawm ores, yooj yim rau kev sib cais ntawm slags.
Tom qab ntawd, nrog rau kev sib sau ntawm qee qhov kev paub txog chemistry, nws kuj tau siv kom tau cov fluorine ntshiab thiab nws cov tebchaw. Tshwj xeeb, fluorite (formula CaF 2) tseem siv los ua raw khoom rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm uas yog hydrofluoric acid. Nws kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub lag luam, xws li ceramics thiab stained iav designs. Yog li, nws tsis yooj yim rau overestimate tus nqi ntawm cov ntxhia fluorite.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, nws tseem tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov enamels thiab glazes, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv high-precision tshwj xeeb optics, tsim quantum teeb generators, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ib co qauv muaj nuj nqis los ntawm jewelers. Nrog rau kev ua kom zoo, qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub pov haum nce ntau zaus, kom nws tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig.
jewellery
Fluorite yog cov ntxhia uas feem ntau dhau los ua pob zeb kim dua thiab tsis tshua muaj - citrine, emerald, amethyst, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij yeej ib txwm nyuaj rau kev dag ntxias. zoo thiabRaws li inserts nyob rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, lub pov haum no tsis tau siv heev heev: softness thiab cov complexity ntawm kev ua nws tsuas yog tsis muaj qab hau. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog ntau xim fluorites, sib txuas ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub pheej yig nrog kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, nws tseem siv niaj hnub no.
Mystical and magical properties
Zoo li ntau lwm yam minerals, fluorite tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog lub peev xwm los kho qee yam kab mob thiab txo cov mob. Yog li, cov kws kho mob lithotherapists qhia kom zaws nrog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov pob zeb no rau cov neeg mob uas mob taub hau, mob vwm, thiab ntau yam sclerosis. Nws tseem ntseeg tau tias nws pab tshem tawm huab cua dependence thiab mob nkees, txo cov kev ntxhov siab, thiab normalize pw tsaug zog.
Raws li rau cov esoteric, cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiag tiag yog los ntawm fluorite: nws ntseeg tau tias nws yog qhov muaj zog ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Nws tso cai rau koj hloov qhov kev tsom mus rau hauv koj lub neej los ntawm cov khoom siv mus rau kev txawj ntse thiab kev xav. Nws ntseeg tau tias fluorite talismans tiv thaiv cov neeg tsis txaus siab thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm rau kev txheeb xyuas kev xav nrog lub zog muaj zog zoo.
