Moscow: xwm. Diversity, nta thiab attractions

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:50

Moscow Region yog nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm East European Valley. Thiab nyob rau hauv nws nruab nrab yog Moscow, qhov xwm ntawm uas yog feem ntau yog vim nws qhov chaw thiab tsis ntau txawv ntawm qhov xwm ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam thiab tag nrho cov cheeb tsam.

thaj tsam ntawm thaj av

Rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub peev ntawm Lavxias Federation yog swampy Upper Volga Lowland, thiab mus rau sab qab teb yog cov toj siab ntawm Smolensk-Moscow Upland.

Muaj ntau lub pas dej thiab dej hauv thaj av ntawd, feem ntau yog los ntawm Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya Ridge (North-western ib feem ntawm Smolensk-Moscow Upland), uas yog hom dej ntws, thiab ntws mus rau hauv Volga lossis lub Oka. Lub Moskvoretsko-Oka Plain nrog Teplostan Upland suav nrog hauv nws nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow. Ntawm lub roob no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws (253 meters), uas Moscow nws tus kheej tuaj yeem khav ntawm. Qhov xwm txheej nyob ib puag ncig lub peev kuj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm swampy Meshcherskaya lowland, uas nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm sab hnub tuaj los ntawm ib lub voj voog tsim los ntawm Klyazma thiab tus dej Moscow. Lub tiaj Zaokskaya kaw thaj tsam ntawm sab qab teb.

Av dej, pas dej, hav zoov…

Plains, lowlands, uplands, dej ntws, uas muaj txog li 2000 nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, tag nrho cov no txiav txim siab lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tej yam kev nyab xeeb, flora thiab fauna uas characterize lub Moscow cheeb tsam thiab Moscow nws tus kheej.

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub peev thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig yog qhov zoo nkauj heev, txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam anthropogenic (txhua yam tib neeg kev ua ub no hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog xwm). Relic ntoo qhib hav zoov thiab coniferous hav zoov npog 40% ntawm thaj chaw ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam, thaum nyob rau hauv Moscow cheeb tsam 42% (2168 ha) ntawm cheeb tsam yog them nrog forests. Dej meadows, teb, calmly ntws ntws, tsa bogs (feem yog nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm nag lossis daus) thiab tiv thaiv ravines - qhov no yog li cas qhov xwm ntawm Moscow thiab cheeb tsam zoo li.

Txhawm rau khaws txhua qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov xwm txheej, tus txiv neej, uas yog, qhov tseeb, tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb, sim ua txhua yam ua tau. Cov chaw tiv thaiv raug tsim, xws li Zavidovo, lossis cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws xws li Losiny Ostrov, uas suav nrog Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, ntau hav zoov yog theem nrab, zus nyob rau hauv lub site ntawm clearings thiab teb.

Lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hav zoov hauv paus txawm nyob hauv cov qauv yooj yim thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm birch thiab aspen. Nyob rau hauv Moscow nws tus kheej, ib yam nkaus thiab, 40% ntawm lub nroog cheeb tsam yog them nrog hav zoov, cov uas 21% yog nyob rau hauv ntoo thuv hav zoov (Serebryany Bor, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam uas muaj pines txog li 170 xyoo). Tsawg heev spruce forests, uas yog heev rhiab heev rau cov pa phem, muaj ciaj sia - tsuas yog 2%. Txhua leej txhua tus ntsib ntawm Elk Islandcov qauv mus txog 130 xyoo. Cov hav zoov deciduous ntawm Moscow tau faib los ntawm hom raws li hauv qab no - oaks 10% (Izmailovsky Park), linden -18%, birch occupies 39% ntawm thaj chaw, aspen - 4%.

Hom hav zoov cog hauv Moscow thiab cheeb tsam

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Moscow qhov xwm txheej yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws, zoo li tag nrho cheeb tsam, nyob ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm thaj chaw hav zoov-steppe thiab hav zoov. Ntawd yog, thaj av no ntsuab heev. Sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm cheeb tsam yog nyob los ntawm spruce forests thiab nruab nrab taiga coniferous hav zoov. Meshchera lowland, uas captures sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub cheeb tsam, yog them nrog taiga ntoo thuv hav zoov, thiab alder groves nyob rau hauv lub swampy lowlands.

Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm thaj av thiab Moscow, nyob rau hauv nws, uas nws qhov xwm txheej yog nplua nuj nyob rau yav qab teb taiga coniferous-broad-leaved forests, abounds nyob rau hauv spruces thiab pines, birches thiab aspens, thiab hazel reigns nyob rau hauv undergrowth. Ze rau sab qab teb - lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov ntoo qhib dav dav, ntxiv rau qhov uas tseem muaj cov nplooj ntse-leaved maple, thiab elm, thiab linden. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev hloov chaw (los ntawm hav zoov-steppe mus rau steppe) nyob rau hauv lub Moscow-Oka Upland, spruce plantations tseem pom, xws li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog ntawm tus dej Lopasnya. Tab sis ze rau sab qab teb, ntau thiab ntau steppe hav zoov tuaj hla, zoo li cov kob ntsuab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov tiaj, ntoo qhib hav zoov, tshauv thiab maple groves. Sab qab teb kawg ntawm thaj av yog npog nrog hav zoov-steppe, uas yuav luag tag nrho plowing thiab tsis tau khaws cia rau hauv nws daim ntawv qub, txawm tias fragmentarily.

Bug fixes

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm muaj kev cog qoob loo ntawm hav zoov. Thiab qhov no ua tim khawv rau tig ntawm tib neeg mus rau qhov xwm txheej, kev tsis lees paub tsuas yog tus neeg siv khoom tus cwj pwm.

Ntawm Shatursky thiab Lukhovitsky swamps, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm cheeb tsam, cov neeg tuaj tshiab tau pib pom ntawm cov nroj tsuag ib txwm muaj ntau dua.

Koj tua tsis tau kev zoo nkauj

Cov dej num uas tau hais los saum toj no suav nrog kev tsim kho hauv nroog hauv cheeb tsam, kev sib sau ntawm cov neeg coob coob, kev muaj thiab kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm txoj kev thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau, kev hloov pauv hauv dej hauv cheeb tsam (hloov cov dej ntws ntawm cov dej ntws., qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov reservoirs tshiab, thiab lwm yam), ib tug myriad ntawm kev lag luam vaj tse, txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau nrog lub loj tshaj plaws metropolis, lub peev ntawm ib tug lossis loj lub xeev. Thiab tseem, qhov xwm txheej ntawm Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow, uas ib zaug ntxias Yuri Dolgoruky, tseem yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg niaj hnub no.

Abundance of fauna

Txawm hais tias tus txiv neej ua puas tsuaj, ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsiaj tau muaj sia nyob lossis tshwm sim ntawm no. Muaj 60-70 hom tsiaj tsiaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam thiab nws ib puag ncig ntawm Moscow. Ntxiv rau lawv, cov tsiaj reptiles (6), amphibians (7), ntses (40) nyob ntawm no. Thiab muaj pes tsawg noog nyob ntawm no! Ntawm 120 hom nyob hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, 29 nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ntau tshaj 200 hom noog nyob ntawm no mus tas li los yog tsiv teb tsaws ntawm no. Muaj ntau cov kab ntawm no - 135 hom kab npauj npaim, 300 (ntawm ib feem kaum ntawm bumblebees) hom muv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nyom (8), locusts (23), kab hauv av, kab, kab laug sab, ntsaum thiab yoov nyob ntawm no, ua ke sawv cev los ntawm 50 hom. Thiab 9 ntawm lawv suav nrog Phau Ntawv Liab - 4 hom nquab thiab 5 hom ntsaum. OLub purity ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam yog pov thawj los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm vaub kib nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Kaum ob hom tsiaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam Moscow tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab.

Ntau hom tsiaj qus hauv Moscow

Taiga tsiaj hom, uas muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam, yog dawb hares thiab ya squirrels. Cov noog feem ntau yog hazel grouse, capercaillie, bullfinch, nrog rau xim av-headed tit, crossbilly spruce, redwing thiab rowan thrush. Kev sib txawv ntawm Moscow qhov xwm txheej yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tsiaj loj uas nyob hauv hav zoov dav dav xws li roe mos lwj thiab npua qus, pom mos lwj thiab ntoo thuv marten, mink thiab dub polecat. Dormouse thiab Tawny Owl nyob ze ze rau lub nroog loj. Vim li cas cov tsiaj no hais txog kev sib raug zoo tsis yog rau thaj av xwb, tab sis kuj rau Moscow nws tus kheej? Vim tias ib qho ntawm thawj lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws Russia - "Elk Island", qhov twg yuav luag tag nrho cov tsiaj saum toj no nyob, nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Moscow, nyob rau hauv lub nroog txwv.

Native nature

Kev nyab xeeb nruab nrab ntawm thaj av ntawm Moscow yog qhov tseeb, kev hloov pauv ntawm European me me mus rau sab av loj Esxias. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, kev nyab xeeb ntawm Moscow yog heev xis nyob - kuj me ntsis winters thiab kuj humid summers. Hu nkauj los ntawm ntau tshaj ib tiam ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics, haiv neeg ntawm Moscow yog nyob ze thiab hlub rau txhua tus neeg Lavxias, tsis yog vim kev hlub rau nws los rau tus neeg nrog niam mis, tab sis kuj vim nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob zoo heev.

Txuagsaib ib tug retrospective ntawm paintings los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias, uas yog dav muaj, kom paub tseeb tias cov no tsis yog cov lus khoob. Polenov lub "Moscow Yard" thiab "Grandmother's Garden" kuj zoo li haiv neeg, Pimenov's "New Moscow" qhuas, thiab lub plawv mob los ntawm ntau pua paintings los ntawm domestic masters, uas piav txog qhov xwm ntawm lawv haiv neeg thaj av. Moscow yog ib lub nroog Lavxias nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm European ib feem ntawm Russia, thiab yog li ntawd qhov xwm ntawm Moscow tus kheej Russia, txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau depict lub xwm ntawm ib tug loj lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv ib feem.

Natural attractions ntawm Moscow

Muaj ntau qhov chaw zoo nkauj nyob hauv Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow. Cov no suav nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, Serebryany Bor thiab Elk Island. Los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe zoo, ib tus tuaj yeem hu ua Black Lake thiab Vilar Botanical Garden. Cov khoom nyiam yog "Rozhdestvensky Stream Valley hauv Mitino" thiab "Krylatsky Hills Nature Reserve". Raws li zoo raws li Biryulevsky Arboretum thiab lub pas dej loj Vostryukovsky thiab lub kaum ob ntau qhov chaw zoo nkauj, mus xyuas uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib lub tswv yim ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow.