Tam sim no, muaj txog 24,000 qhov chaw hauv tebchaws Russia uas yog cov chaw pov tseg rau cov khib nyiab hauv nroog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog ib feem kaum ntawm lawv tau ua raws li txoj cai, tsis hais txog kev ua raws li cov cai thiab cov cai tsim los ntawm Rosprirodnadzor. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm kev sau npe, tsim thiab tsim cov chaw zoo li no. Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias cov khib nyiab khib nyiab yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tswv rau kev saib xyuas, nrog rau kev rov ua dua lossis hloov mus rau lwm qhov xwm txheej. Txhua yam ntawm cov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau kawm kom ntxaws ntxiv kom muaj feem ntawm kev paub txog qhov chaw pov tseg niaj hnub, nyab xeeb thiab raug cai.
Daim ntawv tso cai pov tseg
Kev khaws cia thiab pov tseg cov dej num raug tswj hwm nruj thiab raug rau npe. Daim ntawv tso cai yog ib daim ntawv tso cai tuav cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam. Ua ntej pib cov txheej txheem sau npe, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias lub tuam txhab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas cov cai uas yuav ntsuas qhov chaw pov tseg. Daim ntawv tso cai tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas lub chaw ua tau raws li kev cai huv thiab kab mob sib kis,yog nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, muab kev pabcuam los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog kev cob qhia kev tshaj lij, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg thov kev pabcuam yuav tsum muab cov txheej txheem tsim qauv uas yuav ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom thaum lub sijhawm tswj kev pov tseg.
Cov ntaub ntawv kom tau txais daim ntawv tso cai
Xav kom tau daim ntawv tso cai los ua hom haujlwm no yuav tsum xa mus rau Rosprirodnadzor ib pob uas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib lub koomhaum raug cai;
- daim ntawv teev cov haujlwm npaj yuav ua hauv kev tswj cov khib nyiab;
- cov ntaub ntawv lees paub txoj cai los ua tus tswv ntawm qhov chaw uas thaj chaw khaws khib nyiab tau npaj yuav nyob (feem ntau cov khib nyiab pov tseg tau tsim nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb, uas tseem xav tau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam);
- daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ib puag ncig zoo;
- daim ntawv pov thawj rau txoj cai los tuav pov tseg;
- daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev them nyiaj ntawm lub xeev lub luag haujlwm kom tau txais daim ntawv tso cai.
Txoj kev muab daim ntawv tso cai
Rosprirodnadzor xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa los ntawm cov neeg thov hauv 5 hnub. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim tshev, kev txiav txim siab yog ua hauv daim ntawv tsis kam lees lossis muab daim ntawv tso cai. Raws li txoj cai, MSW landfills tau txais daim ntawv tso cai yog tias lawv pib ua raws li cov kev cai, kev cai lij choj thiab ib puag ncig. Qhov tseeb ntawm pob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kuj tseem ceeb. Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Rosprirodnadzor xyuas qhov ua tiav thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg hauv daim ntawv thov thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov zej zog tswj hwm tus kheej (SROs) tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim kho nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev koom tes uas txo cov neeg koom nrog kev lag luam tshiab los ntawm kev xav tau kom tau txais daim ntawv tso cai tsim nyog. Hauv kev tswj hwm kev pov tseg, qhov kev coj ua no tsuas yog nce lub zog, tab sis koom nrog SRO ntawm qhov profile no tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov koom haum zoo li no tsis yog tsuas yog ua raws cai lawv cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg, tab sis kuj tau txais kev cai lij choj, ntaub ntawv xov xwm thiab kev txhawb nqa los ntawm lawv cov npoj yaig, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thawj theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam.
polygon tsim
Twb tau nyob rau theem ntawm txoj haujlwm tsim kho, lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb ntawm kev pov tseg raws li cov khoom tsim los rau kev sau thiab pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev. Txhawm rau txo qis qhov cuam tshuam txaus ntshai ntawm cov complexes ntawm qhov xwm txheej ecological ntawm thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab, qhov project muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov pa phem. Lawv lub xub ntiag txiav txim qhov txawv ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg tshwj xeeb thiab qhov chaw pov tseg zoo tib yam.
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw yav tom ntej, kev tsim cov khib nyiab pov tseg yuav tsum suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm cov dej tsis zoo rau cov khoom qias neeg. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg thiab sediments.
- Ua haujlwm tawm thiab teeb tsa ib qho kev npaj rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw pov tseg, suav nrog qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev hloov pauvdej ntws nto.
- Tsim lub qhov cua rau qhov chaw pov tseg.
- Kev txhim kho ntawm kev tswj cov dej xau thiab kev tswj hwm.
- Planning rau vaj.
Kev tsim yog ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib puag ncig kev kub ntxhov thiab kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig. Tib lub sijhawm, lub cev dej yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev nyab xeeb.
Kev tsim kho ntawm polygons
Kev ntsuas rau kev siv cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg cov dej num muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li kev tsim kho ib txwm muaj. Tej complexes tej zaum yuav muaj xws li tib yam engineering kev sib txuas lus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Qhov sib txawv muaj xws li kev xav txog cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev xaiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim kho cov khib nyiab pov tseg kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim kho cov chaw huv nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus impervious, uas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv txhua yam ntawm hom no.
Natural geological teeb meem rau kev sib kis ntawm cov pa phem tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, yog li cov neeg tsim khoom nruab tshwj xeeb cov ntxaij vab tshaus tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov teeb meem no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ib puag ncig tsis zoo ntawm cov chaw pov tseg.
Kev cog qoob loo ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg
Pib pib tsim qhov chaw pov tseg, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm nws qhov ua tau rov qab. Qhov no yog ib lub luag hauj lwm tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv uas lub site occupied los ntawm landfill acquires lub qub ecologically.noj qab nyob zoo lub xeev.
Tib lub sijhawm, kev rov ua dua ntawm cov khib nyiab khib nyiab tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li ntau yam kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev nruab nrab, suav nrog cov theem hauv qab no:
- Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm nws qib kev phom sij.
- Xav txog lwm txoj kev kho mob.
- Kev txhim kho ntawm qhov project rau nruab nrab thiab rov qab rov qab.
Tib lub sijhawm, muaj ntau pab pawg ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis los tshem tawm cov chaw pov tseg. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus suav nrog kev rho tawm thiab pov tseg cov pov tseg hauv lwm qhov chaw nyab xeeb thiab kev puas tsuaj ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg.
