Cov ntxhia pob zeb topaz yog ib lub pob zeb uas muaj nqi heev, txawv ntawm nws cov luster iav thiab niam-ntawm-pearl tint. Nws tau pom dav daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub vim nws zoo heev compatibility nrog kub thiab lwm yam precious hlau. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm koj yuav pom ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws piav qhia ntawm topaz ntxhia thiab nws lub ntsiab ntau yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav pom tias lub pob zeb no haum rau leej twg thiab nws muaj dab tsi zoo nkauj.
Mineral topaz: yees duab thiab piav qhia dav
Koj puas paub tias lub 16th tshoob kos npe hu ua topaz? Hnub no, cov txij nkawm tau muab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov khoom los ntawm cov pob zeb tshwj xeeb no. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, topaz symbolizes lub purity thiab lub zog ntawm tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo. Cia peb kawm paub ntxiv txog nws.
Yog li, pob zeb topaz yog cov ntxhia los ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm aluminium silicates, cov neeg sawv cev nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov chav kawm. Hauv daim duab hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom qhov nws zoo li hauv nws lub xeev nyoos. Cov mineral crystallizes nyob rau hauv ib tug rhombicsystem, thiab nws cov crystals muaj ib tug rhombo-bipyramidal symmetry.
Yog hais tias peb tham txog lub npe ntawm lub pob zeb, ces muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm nws keeb kwm. Raws li thawj zaug, lub npe ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av los ntawm Sanskrit lo lus tapas, uas txhais tau tias "kub". Qhov thib ob hypothesis hais tias lub pob zeb tau txais nws lub npe niaj hnub los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws thawj qhov kev tshawb pom - ntawm cov kob ntawm Topazios (ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Ethiopia niaj hnub). Txawm hais tias nws tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb tias lub koog pov txwv no hu ua txoj kev ntawd.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb topaz suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Chemical formula: Al2[SiO4](F, OH)2.
- Kink: conchoidal.
- Singony: rhombic.
- Glitter: iav (ntawm ntug cleavage - niam-ntawm-pearl).
- Hardness - 8 ntsiab lus (ntawm Mohs nplai).
- Density – 3, 49-3, 57 g/cm3.
- Refraction tus nqi - 1, 606-1, 638.
- Resistant rau acids.
- Tshuaj puas los ntawm phosphate ntsev.
Nws tsim nyog hais txog lwm qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov pob zeb topaz. Txawm tias nws hardness, nws yog fragile. Txawm tias muaj kev ntxhov siab me ntsis, lub pob zeb tuaj yeem tawg lossis tawg.
Ncig txog keeb kwm ntawm pob zeb
Cov ntxhia pob zeb topaz tau paub rau noob neej ntev. Nws yog thawj zaug hais nyob rau hauv ancient chronicle "Mahavamsa" (VI xyoo pua BC). Paj huam qhia txog cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Sri Lanka,decorating lawv crowns nrog cov pob zeb no. Tsis tas li ntawd, topaz tau hais nyob rau hauv "Natural History" ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Roman thaum ub Pliny, qhov twg nws tau piav qhia tias yog "lub pob zeb ci ntsa iab".
Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau muab cov pob zeb no los saum ntuj los. Raws li lawv txoj kev ntseeg, tus vajtswv Ra nws tus kheej tau muab cov topaz nrog lub ci ci thiab ci ci. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg Loos thaum ub kuj koom nrog lub pob zeb nrog Vajtswv Jupiter, tus thawj coj ntawm txhua lub cev saum ntuj ceeb tsheej.
Topaz ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog mysticism thiab qee qhov paub tsis meej. Keeb kwm, ntau yam ntawm tej yam yees siv tau raug ntaus nqi rau nws. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, nws ntseeg tau hais tias lub pob zeb no muaj peev xwm pacify hiav txwv cua daj cua dub thiab cua daj cua dub. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tsav nkoj ib txwm coj nws nrog lawv.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, topaz pib siv los ua pob zeb ornamental nkaus xwb thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Lavxias teb sab jewelers hu nws "Siberian pob zeb diamond". Topaz tau mined hauv ob peb lub mines. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev lawv tau khoob thiab kaw.
Topaz hauv xwm
Topaz yog ib qho ntxhia hauv pob zeb xws li greisens thiab pegmatites (granite). Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv pebble placers. Qee lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm pob zeb tsim pob zeb.
Topazes, raws li txoj cai, tsim prismatic lossis luv-columnar crystalline lub cev. Cov crystals loj heev, geologists tau pom cov qauv hnyav txog li 70-80 kg. Qee zaum lawv tsim intergrowth thiab loj heev nyias-lamellar formations.
Nyob rau hauv xwm, topaz feem ntau coexists nrog cov hauv qab no cov zaub mov thiab roobPob zeb: fluorite, tourmaline, lepidolite, cassiterite, mica, feldspar, morion, smoky quartz thiab lwm yam.
Main deposits
Cov ntxhia pob zeb topaz yog qhov muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej. Ntxiv mus, nws cov crystals feem ntau ncav cuag qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lub ntsiab deposits ntawm pob zeb nyob rau hauv rau lub xeev ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Cov no yog Brazil, USA, Russia, Nyiv, Australia thiab Myanmar.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation, topaz yog mined nyob rau hauv ob cheeb tsam - Urals thiab Transbaikalia. Nyob rau hauv lub Urals, lawv pom nyob rau hauv plaub sib txawv formations ib zaug, txhua yam yog txawv los ntawm ib tug peculiar xim thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv ntawm crystals. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xim tsis muaj xim zoo nkauj kuj tau mined ntawm no.
xim thiab ntau yam
Los ntawm lo lus "topaz" hauv peb lub tswv yim muaj pob zeb pob tshab ntawm lub ntuj kaj xim. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam xim thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov ntxhia no: los ntawm cawv daj mus rau xim av tsaus. Muaj tseeb tiag, nrog rau lub hnub ci ntev, lub pob zeb no poob nws cov xim qub. Yog li ntawd, minerals pom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nto feem ntau tsis muaj xim.
Hom ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntxhia topaz:
- blue;
- Swiss;
- tsis muaj xim;
- pink;
- topaz London Blue.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav piav qhia luv luv ntawm lawv txhua tus.
YBlue Topaz
Blue topazes yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov jewelers. Feem ntau lawv muaj xim daj ntseg, tsis tshua pom xim. Tsawg dua yog xiav xiav lossis ntuj xiav topazes.xim. Txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, craftsmen hlawv xws li pob zeb nyob rau hauv quartz xuab zeb thiaj li yuav ua kom lawv ci. Jewellers ntawm peb lub sij hawm kuj dav siv kev kho cua sov rau lub hom phiaj no, los yog lawv npog pob zeb nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm kub los yog titanium. Txoj kev no, tshwj xeeb, pab kom ua tiav lub ntsej muag ci.
Swiss Topaz
Topaz "London" (lwm lub npe - Swiss topaz) - cov ntxhia ntawm cov xim xiav sib sib zog nqus, feem ntau nrog greyish tint. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, xws li pob zeb yog tsis tshua muaj heev. Yog li ntawd, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo Swiss topaz muaj nqis heev.
tsis muaj xim topaz
Qhov ntau yam ntawm topaz yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov pob zeb zoo li no tau pom ntau zaus, thiab hauv txhua lub teb chaws. Raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj xim topaz nyob ze rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb, yog li lawv cov extraction tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kim. Yav tom ntej, los ntawm kev siv yooj yim, cov pob zeb no tau muab qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo.
YPink Topaz
Ib yam tsis tshua muaj ntau yam ntawm topaz. Ua kom tau raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov xim no yog qhov tsawg heev. Tias yog vim li cas cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm cov pob zeb no suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Thiab lawv cov nqi yog tsim nyog: rau ib gram ntawm liab topaz, koj yuav tau them txog 5 txhiab daus las.
Topaz London Blue
London Blue yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj ntau yam ntawm topaz, ib qho ntxhia tawv nrog cov xim qub qub. Cov xim ntawm lub pob zeb no muaj xws li xiav xiav mus rau xiav-ntsuab (xim dej hiav txwv thaum muaj zogcua daj cua dub). Raws li kev kho cua sov, cov jewelers tsim cov khoom ntxim nyiam thiab txawv txawv.
YSmoky Topaz
Rauchtopaz (lwm lub npe yog "smoky crystal" lossis "smoky topaz") yog cov ntxhia uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog topaz. Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm quartz. Nws txawv ntawm topaz nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tsawg hardness. Cov pob zeb hauv av yog mined hauv Spain, Switzerland, Brazil, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab tseem siv dav hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Topaz-cov ntaub ntawv tuav
Cov qauv loj tshaj plaws ntawm topaz puas tau pom yog suav tias yog pob zeb hu ua "Eldorado". Nws tau mined hauv Brazil thiab tseem khaws cia rau ntawd. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis zoo ntawm no "tus txiv neej zoo nkauj" yog kwv yees ntawm 31 txhiab carats. Ntawm cov khoom kim tshaj plaws thiab kim tshaj plaws yog Asmeskas Kub Topaz ntawm 23,000 carats. Nws qhov hnyav yog 4.5 kg. Cov qauv no kuj tau mined hauv Brazil, tab sis yog khaws cia ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Natural History hauv Washington.
Nws tsim nyog qhia txog topaz "Fairy Tale". Nws qhov hnyav me me (2.2 kg). Tab sis cov qauv no yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws ntau qhov kev suav nrog fluorite hauv nruab nrab, uas nyob rau hauv lawv cov tsos zoo li dandelion inflorescences. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom pov thawj uas tsis muaj nqi tau khaws cia hauv Moscow.
Topazes ntawm ib qho tsis tshua muaj cawv-daj xim yog mined hauv Ukraine (Volyn). Lub pob zeb loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov xim no tau pom ntawm no hauv xyoo 1965. Nws qhov hnyav yog ntau tshaj qhov ua tau zoo - 117 kilograms.
Mineral topaz: kev lag luam thiab kev siv nyiaj hniav kub
Tsis xav tias topaz tau pom davdaim ntawv thov hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau zoo kawg nkaus tandem nrog kub, nyiaj, platinum. Ua tsaug rau ntau yam xim thiab ntxoov ntxoo, topaz mus zoo nrog yuav luag txhua lub pob zeb muaj nuj nqis thiab ib nrab muaj nuj nqis.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov pob zeb no tuaj yeem qhib qhov sib txawv nrog txhua qhov kev txiav tshiab, ua rau muaj qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub teeb. Feem ntau, classic xiav topaz yog ntxiv los ntawm jewelers nrog lub txias sparkle ntawm pob zeb diamond. Thiab qhov symbiosis no zoo nkaus li zoo! Los ntawm txoj kev, topaz yog ib lub pob zeb yav tsaus ntuj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab zais ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha.
Ntxiv rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, yooj yim (tsim) topaz kuj siv hauv kev lag luam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, raws li abrasives. Lawv kuj tau ntxiv rau ceramic glazes rau qhov kawg hardness.
Kho thiab tej yam yees siv ntawm topaz
Nyob rau hauv lithotherapy nrog topaz, rwj hauv plab yog kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ntseeg tau hais tias lub pob zeb no muaj peev xwm ua rau exacerbate saj sensations. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tais diav thiab cov tais diav hauv chav ua noj. Topaz mineral tiv thaiv ib tug neeg los ntawm mob khaub thuas, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv thiab muaj ib tug calming nyhuv ntawm lub paj hlwb. Rau cov niam txiv tsis muaj menyuam, amulet ua los ntawm lub pob zeb no yuav pab kom tau cov xeeb ntxwv ntev.
Topaz suav hais tias yog lub pob zeb ntawm kev paub zoo thiab kev zoo siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Nws muaj peev xwm kho tau ib tug neeg los ntawm kev nyuaj siab ntev thiab saturate nws nrog optimism. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws tau ntseeg hais tias golden topaz sharpens intuition, thiab kuj muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm los nthuav qhia zais conspiracies. Tab sis lub paj liab ntxhia nyiam kev hlubthiab ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo ntev ntev.
Leej twg tuaj yeem hnav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub topaz? Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov no yog lub pob zeb universal uas suits tag nrho cov cim ntawm lub zodiac. Tab sis topaz muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau Cancers, Pisces thiab Scorpios. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg ua yeeb yam xws li Kylie Minogue, Charlize Theron thiab Victoria Beckham nyiam ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub inlaid nrog topaz.
Tiag tiag topaz: yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas tus cuav?
Ntau ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb no yog qhov xav tau tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, paj yeeb, burgundy lossis txiv kab ntxwv topazes suav tias yog qhov tsawg thiab kim heev. Cov no yog cov feem ntau faked los ntawm scammers.
Kev txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm lub pov haum tiag tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev pov thawj theem pib muaj rau txhua tus neeg. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsim nyog suav qhov ntom ntawm cov qauv (rau ib tus neeg uas yog phooj ywg nrog lej, qhov no yuav tsis nyuaj). Nco qab tias rau topazes, tus nqi no nyob ntawm 3.49-3.57 g / cm3.
Tiag tiag topaz yog hluav taws xob zoo. Noj ib daim ntawm cov ntaub npuag ntuj, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov no yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, tiag tiag topaz yuav tsum tsis txhob rhuab. Tuav tus qauv hauv koj txhais tes ob peb feeb - yog tias nws tseem txias rau qhov kov, qhov no txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj yog ib qho qub, pob zeb tiag tiag.
