120-mm mortar: yam ntxwv (duab)

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Txawm hais tias nyob rau xyoo tas los no cov cuab yeej ua tub rog tau hloov kho tshiab, cov riam phom loj tseem yog riam phom tseem ceeb rau txhua chav tub rog. Feem ntau, qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias thaum tsim cov riam phom no, cov neeg tsim khoom tau tswj hwm los ua kom muaj hluav taws kub zoo nrog tus nqi qis. Cov riam phom no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab kev txhawb nqa hluav taws rau cov tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj nrog cov struts.

Nyob ntawm mortars

Qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam tub rog yog 120 hli mortar ntawm xyoo 1943 qauv hu ua PM-43, raws li cov kev hloov kho niaj hnub no ntau:

• 2B11 - standard;
• 2B24 - kev hloov kho hauv tsev ua tau zoo dua hauv kev ua haujlwm hluav taws rau txhua tus neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws; 2В11 - hloov kho muaj ntawv tso cai hauv Bulgaria;
• 2S12 -yog mortar complex, hu ua "Sled". Nws tsim yog sawv cev los ntawm lub tshuab 2F510 (GAZ-66 lub tsheb), uas lub installation yog thauj, thiab 2L81 lub log tsav, tsim los siv nrog tus qauv version ntawm 2B11 mortar;
• 2K32 - chav kawm 2B24 mortar yog nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus armored caterpillar;
• 2B25 - siv los ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj ntau qhov zoo uas tso cai rau nws ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam uas cov yeeb ncuab tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm lub installation thiab, vim li ntawd, tshem tawm nws. Nws kuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv "Commando" version nrog kev tua ntau txog 3 km nrog tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv tsis pub tshaj 12 kg.

Application 2B11

Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau rhuav tshem lossis tshem tawm kev txav ntawm cov tub rog lossis cov yeeb ncuab sib ntaus sib tua nrog hluav taws, lub 120 hli mortar, cov yam ntxwv uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, yuav dhau los ua riam phom tseem ceeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov peev txheej yog ntau haiv neeg. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev tua ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj, roob, gorges, hav zoov. Nws yog ntse siv los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab trenches, trenches thiab ntau yam tub rog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub teeb kev tsim kho. Yog tias tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov hauv cov hlau barbed lossis tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam txhua lub sijhawm ntawm hnub.

Ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm 120 mm mines siv hauv 2B11

Qhov kev ua tau zoo los ntawm 120 hli mortar, cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas tau qhia rau 5 tus neeg, rauNyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau txhim kho zoo ntawm Central Research Institute "Burevestnik". Tam sim no cov qauv raug thauj mus rau URAL-43206 tsheb thiab armored taug qab MT-LB, tso cai rau cov neeg coob nrog tau lav qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv.

Main mines siv:

• tawg tawg tawg nrog qhov hnyav txog li 15, 9 kg;
• incendiary;
• smoke;
• teeb pom kev;
• kev sib tw.

Tam sim no, lub sijhawm nws yuav siv sijhawm los tua txoj haujlwm, yog tias tsim nyog, yog 8 feeb, thiab txhawm rau tawm nws yuav siv sijhawm li 6 feeb.

Pib tsim cov mortars niaj hnub

Standard mortar 120 mm, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo raws li tus qauv qub ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tau luam tawm xyoo 1979 ntawm Burevesnik Central Research Institute (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). Nws tau txais lub npe 2B11 thiab, tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv xyoo 1981, tau pib tsim ntau ntawm Motovilikha Cog, thaum lub sijhawm muaj txog 1500 mortar phom ntawm hom no tau tsim.

2B11 mortar device

Qhov tseeb, 120 hli mortar yog ib qho khoom siv nrog cov qauv tsim, mounted nrog bipedal thiab breech nrog lub pob taws txhawb nqa ntawm lub phaj nruj. Nws ua raws li kev txhawb nqa, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso ncaj qha rau hauv av. Txij li thaum them nyiaj tsuas yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub muzzle, thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tej yam kev mob nws muaj peev xwm nteg ib tug ob tug nqi, thawj ntawmuas yuav ua lub fuse rau qhov thib ob, provoking qhov tawg ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub muzzle ntawm lub mortar, feem ntau cov kev hloov kho ntawm 2B11 tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb mechanism ntawm lub muzzle uas tiv thaiv xws li ib qho kev txiav txim thiab, vim li ntawd, kev raug mob tseem ceeb rau cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm.

Piv rau xyoo 1943 qauv, 120 hli mortar, cov yam ntxwv uas tau txais kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb, yog nrum los ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub uas pab txhawb nws txoj kev tsim kho thiab kev thauj mus los. Tus qauv tsim tau nruab nrog tus qauv MPM-44M pom, muab qhov tseeb siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov deb ntawm 480 txog 7100 m. Yog tias tsim nyog, MPM-44 tuaj yeem nce ntau dua 2 °, muab kev pom ntawm ntau dua 9 °..

Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas 120 hli mortar, daim duab uas qhia hauv qab no, mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv tsawg dua 2 feeb dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb, uas txuag lub sij hawm rau firing ib lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug. Tus yeeb ncuab tsis xav txog.

Yog tias kev siv 2B11 tau ua nyob rau hauv thaj chaw uas lub tsheb 2F510 tsis tuaj yeem hla, lub mortar yog ntsia ncaj qha rau ntawm lub chassis uas tau taug qab, ua kom yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los ntawm rab phom.

Mortar 120 mm TTX

Mortar 2B11 tuaj yeem siv tua txhua yam ntawm mines nrog lub caliber ntawm 120 mm. Cov pawg no txawm suav nrog cov mines coj ntawm KM-8 "Gran" qeb, twb tau los ntawm qhov tseeb no ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev sib ntaus sib tua uas 120 hli mortar qhia. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tub rog tub rog txog riam phom no tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab tshaj plawsntau yam ntsuas, uas yog hais txog 7500 m thaum them nrog cov pa ib txwm.

Tag nrho qhov hnyav rau txhua qhov kev hloov kho, suav nrog 2B11 nws tus kheej, yog 210 kg, tso cai rau ntau tshaj 15 txhaj tshuaj ib feeb nrog tus nqi pib ceev ntawm tsawg kawg 325 m / s. Tus tsim ntawm lub thoob nrog ib tug ntev ntawm 1740 hli muab ib tug ntsug pointing kaum sab xis ntawm +45 ° rau +80 °. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsuas kab rov tav hloov pauv nyob rau hauv ± 5 °, thaum tswj kev pom ntawm 360 ° nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 5 ° txog 26 °.

Basic data

Lub 120 hli mortar, nrog rau thaj tsam txog li 9000 m thaum raug rho tawm nrog cov mines coj, yog nyob deb ntawm cov riam phom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tua cov yeeb ncuab phom thiab npog cov kev txav ntawm infantry units.

Kev tua yog ua los ntawm mortar rounds nrog GVMZ-7 fuses thiab tus nqi sib txawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub tsheb 2F510 (GAZ-66 lub tsheb) nrog lub V-shaped 8-lub tog raj kheej cav, nyob rau hauv uas lub 2B11 yog thauj, tsuas muaj peev xwm nqa nrog nws ib tug nruj me ntsis txwv ntawm cov nqi muab tso rau hauv 24 lub thawv. Cov mos txwv load yog tsim los tsim 48 txhaj tshuaj uas 120 hli mortar tuaj yeem tua tau. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej tso cai thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm 2B11 rau hauv lub tsheb lub cev yam tsis siv cov khoom hnyav.

Yog tias vim li cas thiaj tsis muaj neeg txaus los ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem no, lub mortar raug thauj mus los. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub cav 2F510 yog roj av thiab belongs rauchav kawm ZMZ-66-06, lub hwj chim uas ncav cuag 120 litres. nrog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai ceev ntawm txoj kev loj yog 90 km / h.

Yog lub tsheb uas muaj mortar mount yuav tsum tau ford ib tug dej, nws yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej ntsuas rau qhov zoo ntawm lub tsheb. Ntawm qhov tob tshaj plaws, qhov siab tshaj plaws tso dej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1 m.

Lub kaw lus nres tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hydraulic nrog ntau lub voj voog thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev hydraulic ntawm txhua tus. Cov xwm txheej no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm 2B11 kev thauj mus los txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj. Qhov tsis muaj zog nkaus xwb ntawm 2F510 yog qhov kev ncua ntev ntawm polyelliptical springs nrog shock absorbers.

Kev Pom Zoo rau 2B11

Tam sim no, cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam tsis khoom tsim kho tshiab rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm 120 mm 2B11 mortars txhawm rau muab cov qauv tsim nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws tua hluav taws nrog tag nrho automation ntawm kev npaj thiab tua cov mos txwv siab.

Qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub mortar yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb nws lub peev xwm nqa tau thiab qhov ntev npaum li cas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho kev yooj yim, tsim los ntawm kev txhawb nqa hydropneumatic, tau npaj yuav muab tso rau ntawm lub chassis ntawm Tiger thiab IVECO chav kawm, uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev tsis yog rau kev thauj mus los xwb, tab sis kuj tseem siv tau yooj yim. Nws yog npaj los txhim kho cov uas twb muaj lawm version kom qhov hluav taws kub tua yuav ua tsis tau lub suab nrov, nplaim taws thiab pa taws uas nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj.

Kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov qauv tshiab thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv khib nyiab uas twb muaj lawm txhawb nqa Russia qhov kev ntsuas siab tsis tu ncua hauv kev lag luam tub rog thiab muab lub xeev nrog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb theem.