Muaj ntau dua plaub caug txhiab pas dej hauv Kazakhstan hnub ci. Ntau tshaj 4,000 lub chaw tsim khoom tsim khoom kuj tau tsim nyob rau ntawd, sau cov dej tshiab loj.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov dej hauv pas dej sib txawv nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntuj: hauv thaj chaw hav zoov-steppe muaj kwv yees li 740 pas dej, hauv thaj chaw steppe - ntau dua 1870, hauv ib nrab-deserts - 216, hauv thaj chaw suab puam - 142. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm cov dej saum npoo ntawm tag nrho cov pas dej ncav cuag 45 txhiab sq. kilometers. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv yog Zaisan, Alakol, Balkhash, Sasykkol thiab Seletteniz. Cov no suav nrog lub pas dej iab-kub Tengiz, uas yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.
Feem ntau ntawm cov pas dej ncav cuag ntawm Turan thiab Caspian lowlands, nyob rau sab hnub poob Siberian tiaj, nyob rau hauv lub roob roob ntawm sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub xeev thiab nyob rau hauv lub qis roob ntawm Saryarka. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog endorheic, yog li ntawd lawv muaj ntsev dej. Ntsev tau raug mined hauv ntau lub reservoir.
Drainless pas dej: qhov chaw, qhov ntev
Lub pas dej nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lub Xeev Kurgalzhinsky Reserve, nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab tectonic, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Sary-Arka (me me toj). Hauv Lake Tengiz, uas muaj ntau cov Islands tuaj me me,tus dej Kulanutpes thiab Nura ntws hauv.
Thaj chaw ntawm lub ntuj reservoir yog 1590 square meters. kilometers, nws qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev yog 75 km, qhov tob ncav cuag 8 meters nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab qhov dav yog 40 kilometers.
Kev piav qhia
Lub hauv qab ntawm lub reservoir yog tiaj tus, nyob rau hauv cov chaw ua los ntawm cov av dub, haum rau cov hom phiaj tshuaj. Cov dej qab ntsev.
Lake Tengiz hauv Kazakhstan loj heev, nws qhov ntev yog peb zaug loj dua Lake Constance. Cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub reservoir feem ntau yog qis qis. Lub pas dej yog pub tsuas yog los ntawm cov dej ntawm cov daus melted. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo qhuav tshaj plaws, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub pas dej dries. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis, Tengiz khov, thiab lub Plaub Hlis nws qhib. Cov dej muaj xws li mirabilite (cov salinity hauv lub pas dej yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 12.7 grams ib m³, thiab nyob rau hauv lub bay - 18.2 grams ib m³).
Tengiz yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov ntawd thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet cosmonautics, cov neeg coob ntawm Soyuz-23 qhov chaw ntoj ke mus ua tiav tau tawg rau hauv nws.
Lake feature
Lub cim tshwj xeeb ntawm Lake Tengiz yog tias nws yog ib qho ntawm ntau qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov noog zoo nkauj zoo nkauj - cov neeg yug tsiaj sab qaum teb ntawm cov paj liab flamingos hauv ntiaj teb.
Cov no yog cov noog uas ceev faj heev, xaiv qhov chaw zes uas nyuaj rau tib neeg mus txog. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias lawv tau nyob ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub pas dej no: qee qhov ntawm nws tau npog nrog ntsev crust. Txog li 14 txhiab khub zes ntawm no tib lub sijhawm, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tib neeg hauv tag nrho tuaj yeem ncav cuag 60,000.
Nyob hauvNtawm no yog cov storks dub heev, liab-breasted geese thiab whooper swans. Txaus siab steppe eagles soar saum lub pas dej hauv lub ntuj steppe tsis kawg. Tsuas yog ntses xwb tsis nyob ntawm no.
Shared ecosystem
Txij li xyoo 1968, feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig Lake Tengiz tau ua thaj chaw tiv thaiv xwm txheej thiab yog ib feem ntawm thaj chaw tua tsiaj hauv Kurgaldzhinsky. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub pas dej yog unattractive rau waterfowl yos hav zoov noog xws li geese thiab ducks, tab sis yog ib qho zoo heev zes qhov chaw rau gulls, waders thiab terns. Reed txaj muab vaj tse rau ntau hom noog, tsis yog thaum lub caij ua zes xwb, tab sis kuj thaum lub caij molting (kawg lub caij ntuj sov) thiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsiv teb tsaws.
Hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau suav 50 hom tsiaj, 318 hom noog thiab 340 hom nroj tsuag. Tshwj xeeb hais yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov tsiaj xws li steppe hma thiab saigas. Ntxiv rau cov lus hais saum toj no, Dalmatian pelicans teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab (500 khub hauv tag nrho) zes ntawm ntau cov Islands tuaj ntawm endorheic Lake Tengiz. Hauv steppes koj tuaj yeem ntsib Numidian crane.
Nyob rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev cia
Kev khaws cia ntawm cov ecosystem uas tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pas dej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev tsis yog rau Kazakhstan xwb, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov chaw no muaj ob qho tseem ceeb noog tsiv teb tsaws txoj kev sib tshuam - Siberian-South Europe thiab Central Asian. Lub geographical (centre ntawm Eurasian continent) tshwj xeeb qhov chaw ntawm lub cia yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Muajxws li lub pas dej nyob hauv thaj chaw zoo li no (cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua ib nrab arid - steppes thiab semi-deserts) tseem ceeb heev.
Txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov chaw no tsawg, yog li thaj chaw tau khaws nws qhov zoo li qub. Niaj hnub no, yam tsis muaj exaggeration, peb muaj peev xwm hais tias qhov tshwj xeeb thaj chaw no belongs rau tag nrho cov xwm, uas tsim xws li nplua nuj.
Zoo kawg
Lake Tengiz nqis mus rau hauv keeb kwm ua qhov chaw rau hnub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yav tom ntej, kev ua koob tsheej txhua xyoo hu ua "Flamingo" yog npaj yuav muaj nyob rau hauv Korgalzhyn Reserve.
Qhov kev tshwm sim no, uas yog lub hom phiaj los txhawb kev txuag ntawm cov noog tsawg thiab tsis yog xwb, yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Biodiversity Conservation Fund ntawm Kazakhstan thiab EIMRC (Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation). Lub ces kaum ntawm Kazakhstan nrog ntau lub pas dej yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab zoo nkauj.
