Degtyarev's anti-tank phom. Anti-tank phom ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:58

Zaj movie "Tus Tub Rog Tub Rog" pib nrog qhov xwm txheej uas muaj xwm txheej. Lub Soviet signalman tab tom nrhiav los ntawm German tank, cov tub rog hluas tsis muaj qhov chaw nkaum, nws tab tom khiav, thiab cov hlau colossus tab tom yuav hla nws thiab tsoo nws. Tus tub rog pom Degtyarev's anti-tank phom pov los ntawm ib tug neeg. Thiab nws siv ib qho kev npaj txhij txog tig mus rau txoj kev cawm seej. Nws tua ib tug yeeb ncuab lub tsheb thiab khob nws tawm. Lwm lub tank tab tom nce rau ntawm nws, tab sis tus taw qhia tsis ploj thiab kub hnyiab nws ib yam nkaus.

"Nws ua tsis tau! - lwm tus "cov kws tshaj lij hauv keeb kwm ua tub rog" yuav hais hnub no. "Koj tsis tuaj yeem tho lub tank armor nrog rab phom!" - "Muaj!" - cov uas paub txog cov ntsiab lus no yuav teb. Qhov tsis raug hauv zaj duab xis piav qhia yuav raug lees paub, tab sis nws tsis cuam tshuam txog kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm chav kawm ntawm riam phom no, tab sis cov xwm txheej.

me ntsis txog kev tawm tsam

rab phom tiv thaiv tank tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb caug xyoo ntawm XX xyoo pua nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws. Lawv zoo li yog ib qho laj thawj thiab tsim nyog daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tawm tsam cov tsheb armored ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Artillery yuav tsum tau los ua lub ntsiab txhais ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab anti-tank phom - pab, tab sis ntau mobile. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua qhov kev tawm tsam koom nrog kev xa tawm kev tawm tsam nrog cov kab sib txuas nrog ntau ntau, txawm tias ntau pua lub tsheb, tab sis kev ua tiav ntawm kev tawm tsam tau txiav txim siab los ntawm seb nws puas tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov tub rog tsis pom los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Kev kov yeej cov kab kev tiv thaiv zoo uas tau nruab nrog armor-piercing artillery, nrog ib txoj hlua ntawm minefields thiab engineering cov qauv (gouges, hedgehogs, thiab lwm yam) yog ib qho kev ua lag luam taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab yog fraught nrog kev poob ntawm cov khoom siv loj. Tab sis yog hais tias tus yeeb ncuab mam li nco dheev hits ib tug tsis zoo tiv thaiv sector ntawm pem hauv ntej, ces yuav tsis muaj sij hawm rau tso dag. Peb yuav tsum tau ceev "patch qhov" hauv kev tiv thaiv, hloov phom thiab infantry, uas tseem yuav tsum tau khawb hauv. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj kom xa cov phom loj uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov mos txwv mus rau qhov chaw txaus ntshai. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov phom tiv thaiv tank tuaj yeem ua ke. PTRD yog ib qho kev sib cog lus thiab pheej yig riam phom (ntau pheej yig dua li phom). Koj tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau ntawm lawv, thiab tom qab ntawd muab txhua chav nrog lawv. Tsuas yog hauv rooj plaub. Cov tub rog nrog lawv, tej zaum, yuav tsis hlawv tag nrho cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis lawv yuav muaj peev xwm ncua kev tawm tsam. Sijhawm yuav yeej, cov lus txib yuav muaj sijhawm los coj cov tub rog tseem ceeb. Muaj ntau tus thawj coj tub rog xav tias thaum lub sijhawm peb caug xyoo.

Vim li cas peb cov tub rog tsis muaj PTR

Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj vim li cas kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov phom phom tiv thaiv hauv USSR hauv kev ua tsov rog ua ntej xyoo tau raug txiav txim siab, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kev tawm tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog. Ib txhiaCov kws tshuaj ntsuam tau taw qhia txog qhov kev paub tsis zoo ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet, uas tau kwv yees ntau dhau ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab yog li ua qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm cov lus txiav txim siab txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuaj luaj los tiv thaiv tank raws li chav kawm ntawm riam phom. Muaj txawm hais txog lub taub hau ntawm Glavartupra G. I. Kulik, uas tau hais txog qhov kev xav no. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau pom tias txawm tias 14.5-mm Rukavishnikov PTR-39 rab phom tiv thaiv tank, tau txais hauv xyoo 1939 los ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab thiab tau tshem tawm ib xyoos tom qab, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm txhua yam cuab yeej uas Wehrmacht muaj nyob rau xyoo 1941.

Cov neeg German tuaj nrog dab tsi

Tus ciam teb ntawm USSR Hitler cov tub rog hla nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntau tshaj peb txhiab. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau txaus siab rau qhov armada ntawm nws qhov tseeb muaj nqis, yog tias koj tsis siv txoj kev sib piv. Tub rog liab muaj tsawg dua cov tso tsheb hlau luam niaj hnub (T-34 thiab KV), tsuas yog ob peb puas. Yog li, tej zaum cov Germans muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm qhov zoo ib yam li peb, nrog rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua? Tsis yog.

T-I lub tank tsis yog lub teeb xwb, nws tuaj yeem hu ua lub npoo. Tsis muaj phom, nrog cov neeg coob ntawm ob, nws hnyav me ntsis ntau dua li lub tsheb. Degtyarev's anti-tank phom, muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1941, pierced nws txoj cai los ntawm. Lub German T-II tau zoo dua me ntsis, nrog cov mos txwv tsis muaj armor thiab luv-barreled 37mm cannon. Kuj tseem muaj T-III, uas yuav tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm PTR cartridge, tab sis tsuas yog tias nws tsoo lub hauv ntej, tab sis nyob rau lwm qhov chaw …

Lub Panzerwaffe kuj muaj Czech, Polish, Belgian, Fabkis thiab lwm lub tsheb raug ntes (lawv suav nrog tag nrho), hnav tawm,siv tsis tau thiab tsis zoo nrog cov khoom seem. Kuv tsis xav xav txog dab tsi Degtyarev's anti-tank phom tuaj yeem ua nrog ib qho ntawm lawv.

Tsov thiab Panthers tuaj rau Germans tom qab, xyoo 1943.

rov pib ua haujlwm

Ib tug yuav tsum them se rau cov thawj coj ntawm Stalinist, nws muaj peev xwm kho qhov yuam kev. Kev txiav txim siab rov pib ua haujlwm ntawm PTR tau ua rau hnub tom qab pib ua tsov rog. Qhov tseeb no refutes version ntawm Stavka qhov kev paub tsis zoo ntawm lub peev xwm armored ntawm Wehrmacht, nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv no hauv ib hnub. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ceev (tsawg tshaj li ib hlis nws tau siv los tsim cov qauv qauv), kev sib tw tau tuav rau ob qho qauv, yuav luag npaj tau tsim tawm rau hauv ntau lawm. Simonov's anti-tank phom tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis nws qis dua qhov thib ob kuaj PTR. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua hauv cov cuab yeej, thiab kuj hnyav dua, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm pawg thawj coj. Hnub kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli, Degtyarev's anti-tank phom tau raug lees paub los ntawm Red Army thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab caj npab hauv nroog Kovrov, thiab ob lub hlis tom qab - hauv Izhevsk. Ntau tshaj 270,000 daim tau ua hauv peb xyoos.

First results

Thaum kawg lub Kaum Hli 1941, qhov xwm txheej ntawm sab xub ntiag yog kev puas tsuaj. Lub vanguard units ntawm lub Wehrmacht mus txog Moscow, ob lub tswv yim echelons ntawm Red Army tau xyaum ntaus yeej nyob rau hauv loj "cauldrons", loj loj expanses ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lubthib tsib occupiers. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov tub rog Soviet tsis poob siab. Tsis muaj cov phom loj txaus txaus, cov tub rog tau pom kev ua yeeb yam loj heev thiab tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam siv grenades thiab Molotov cocktails. Ncaj nraim los ntawm cov kab sib dhos, cov riam phom tshiab tuaj rau pem hauv ntej. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 16, cov tub rog ntawm 1075th Infantry Regiment ntawm 316th Division tau rhuav tshem peb cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam siv ATGMs. Cov duab ntawm tus phab ej thiab cov khoom siv fascist uas lawv hlawv tau luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm Soviet. Kev txuas ntxiv sai sai, nrog plaub lub tank ntxiv haus luam yeeb nyob ze Lugovaya, uas yav dhau los tau kov yeej Warsaw thiab Paris.

Txiv PTR

Newsreel ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo rov qab ntes peb cov tub rog nrog phom tiv thaiv tank. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lawv siv hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab kuj tau tshwm sim (piv txwv li, hauv S. Bondarchuk's masterpiece "Lawv Fought for the Motherland"). Fabkis, Asmeskas, Askiv lossis German tub rog nrog ATGM cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg tsawg dua rau keeb kwm. Puas yog qhov no txhais tau tias cov phom tiv thaiv tank ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II feem ntau yog Soviet? Rau qee qhov, yog. Nyob rau hauv xws li cov khoom, cov riam phom no tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Tab sis ua hauj lwm rau nws tau ua nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv (Beuys system), thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees (PzB-38, PzB-41), thiab nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland (UR), thiab Finland (L-35), thiab nyob rau hauv Czech koom pheej (MSS). -41). Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Switzerland (S18-1000). Lwm qhov yog tias cov engineers ntawm tag nrho cov no, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, thev naus laus zis "advanced" lub teb chaws tsis muaj peev xwm tshaj riam phom Lavxias hauv lawv txoj kev yooj yim, elegance ntawm kev daws teeb meem, thiab zoo. Yog thiab txiastsis yog txhua tus tub rog muaj peev xwm tua phom ntawm lub tank ua ntej los ntawm trench. Peb lub peev xwm.

Yuav ua li cas tho armor?

PTRD muaj kwv yees li qhov ua tau zoo ib yam li Simonov rab phom tiv thaiv tank, tab sis nws sib zog dua nws (17.3 piv rau 20.9 kg), luv dua (2000 thiab 2108 hli, raws li) thiab cov qauv yooj yim, thiab yog li ntawd, nws siv sij hawm tsawg dua los ntxuav thiab nws yooj yim dua los cob qhia cov neeg tua phom. Cov xwm txheej no piav qhia txog qhov nyiam muab los ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias PTRS tuaj yeem tua hluav taws ntau dua vim muaj cov ntawv xov xwm tsim hauv tsib-thooj. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov riam phom no tseem muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau qhov deb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau xa cov mos txwv hnyav tshwj xeeb nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau (thiab, raws li kev xaiv, nrog rau cov nqi hluav taws xob ntxiv tau qhib tom qab dhau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam) ntawm qhov nrawm txaus.

Piercing

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Degtyarev's anti-tank phom ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov yeeb ncuab cov tsheb sib tsoo yog ib nrab mais. Los ntawm nws nws muaj peev xwm mus ntaus lwm lub hom phiaj, xws li pillboxes, bunkers, thiab aircraft. Lub caliber ntawm lub cartridge yog 14.5 hli (hom B-32 yog ib tug pa armor-piercing incendiary los yog BS-41 nrog ib tug ceramic superhard ntsis). Qhov ntev ntawm cov mos txwv sib haum mus rau qhov projectile airgun, 114 mm. Qhov kev ncua deb mus ntaus ib lub hom phiaj nrog armor 30 cm tuab yog 40 mm, thiab los ntawm ib puas meters no mos txwv pierces 6 cm.

Qhov tseeb

Qhov raug ntawm kev ntaus txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev tua ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej yeeb ncuab. Kev tiv thaiv tau raug txhim kho tas li, yog li ntawd, cov lus qhia tau tshaj tawm thiab hloov kho tam sim rau cov neeg tua rog, qhia txog yuav ua li cas thiaj li siv tau rab phom tiv thaiv tank. Lub tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus los ntawm cov tsheb armored nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm ntaus cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog. Thaum tua hluav taws ntawm kev sim los ntawm ib puas-meter deb, 75% ntawm cov cartridges ntaus 22-cm cov neeg zej zog ntawm lub hom phiaj center.

Tsim

Txawm hais tias cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim npaum li cas, lawv yuav tsum tsis yog qhov qub. WWII riam phom feem ntau tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj vim raug yuam kom khiav tawm thiab xa mus rau kev cob qhia hauv thaj chaw uas tsis tau npaj tseg (nws tshwm sim rau qee lub sijhawm lawv yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hauv qhov qhib). Txoj hmoo no tau zam los ntawm Kovrov thiab Izhevsk cov nroj tsuag, uas kom txog rau thaum 1944 tsim ATGMs. Anti-tank phom Degtyarev, txawm tias qhov yooj yim ntawm cov cuab yeej, tau nqus tag nrho cov kev ua tiav ntawm cov neeg tua phom Lavxias.

Lub thoob yog phom, yim txoj kev. Qhov kev pom yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, nrog rau pem hauv ntej pom thiab ob txoj hauj lwm bar (txog 400 m thiab 1 km). Lub PTRD yog loaded zoo li ib rab phom zoo tib yam, tab sis lub zog recoil coj mus rau lub xub ntiag ntawm lub chim nres thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav shock absorber. Rau kev yooj yim, muaj ib tug kov (ib tug ntawm cov nqa fighters tau tuav nws) thiab ib tug bipod. Tag nrho lwm yam: sear, percussion mechanism, receiver, Tshuag thiab lwm yam cwj pwm ntawm rab phom, yog xav tawm nrog ergonomics uas ib txwm muaj npe nrov rauRussia riam phom.

Kev kho mob

Hauv thaj teb, feem ntau, kev tshem tawm tsis tiav tau ua tiav, suav nrog kev tshem tawm thiab disassembly ntawm lub shutter, raws li qhov chaw muaj kuab paug tshaj plaws. Yog tias qhov no tsis txaus, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov bipod, taub qab, tom qab ntawd disassemble lub trigger mechanism thiab cais cov swb ncua. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, cov roj uas tsis muaj dej khov yog siv, lwm qhov, cov roj phom zoo tib yam No. 21. Cov khoom siv muaj xws li ramrod (collapsible), oiler, ib lub taub hau, ob lub bandoliers, ob lub kaus mom-resistant canvas (ib qho ntawm txhua sab ntawm rab phom) thiab daim ntawv kev pabcuam uas muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua, nrog rau kev foob thiab tsis ua haujlwm.

Korea

Xyoo 1943, kev lag luam German tau pib tsim cov tank nruab nrab thiab hnyav nrog cov phom phom muaj zog. Cov tub rog Soviet txuas ntxiv siv PTRD tiv thaiv lub teeb, tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv tsheb, nrog rau kev txwv tsis pub siv phom. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, qhov xav tau rau cov phom phom tiv thaiv tank ploj. Cov phom loj loj thiab lwm yam riam phom zoo tau siv los cuam tshuam nrog cov tub rog German ntxiv hauv xyoo 1945. WWII twb dhau lawm. Nws zoo nkaus li tias lub sijhawm ntawm PTRD tau ploj mus tsis tau. Tab sis tsib xyoos tom qab ntawd, Tsov Rog Kauslim tau pib, thiab "phom qub" pib tua dua, txawm li cas los xij, ntawm cov phooj ywg qub - cov neeg Asmeskas. Nws tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ntawm DPRK thiab PLA, uas tau tawm tsam ntawm ceg av qab teb txog xyoo 1953. American tanks ntawm tiam tom qab tsov rog feem ntau tiv thaiv hits, tab sis txhua yam tshwm sim. PTRD kuj tau siv los ua kev tiv thaiv huab cua.

Post-war history

Qhov muaj ntau yam riam phom zoo nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tau ua rau peb nrhiav qee qhov siv tau zoo rau lawv. Kaum tawm txhiab units tau khaws cia rau hauv cov roj. Yuav siv rab phom los tiv thaiv dab tsi? Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv niaj hnub ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem tiv taus kev sib tsoo los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, tsis hais txog lub mos txwv (txawm tias nws yog nrog lub hauv paus thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb). Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, lawv txiav txim siab tias nrog PTRD nws muaj peev xwm mus yos hav zoov cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab whales. Lub tswv yim zoo, tab sis qhov no yog mob hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm rab phom zoo li no koj tuaj yeem ua sniper tua hluav taws ntawm qhov deb txog li ib mais, qhov pib siab ceev tso cai rau koj tua kom raug nrog qhov pom kev pom. Cov armor ntawm ib lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua infantry los yog armored neeg ua hauj lwm nqa PTRD nkag tau yooj yim, uas txhais tau hais tias txawm niaj hnub no cov riam phom tseem tsis tau tag nrho nws qhov tseeb. Yog li nws nyob hauv warehouses, tos hauv tis…