Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland: piav qhia

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Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland: piav qhia
Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland: piav qhia

Video: Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland: piav qhia

Video: Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland: piav qhia
Video: Part 2 - Dracula Audiobook by Bram Stoker (Chs 05-08) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Neva Bay yog thaj chaw dej nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Gulf of Finland. Cov ceg ntawm Neva River yog coj mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub bay. Lawv pub cov dej ntiav ntiav, desalinating nws cov dej. Lub Neva Bay yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb hydrochemical thiab hydrobiological tswj hwm.

Lub npe thib ob ntawm Neva Bay

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov neeg tsav nkoj uas ua haujlwm hauv B altic Fleet ironically hu ua lub hiav txwv Marquis Puddle. Lub Maritime Ministry ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog ces khiav los ntawm lub Marquis I. I. de Traversay. Nws tau txwv txoj kev hla hiav txwv ntev. Lub nkoj, caij nkoj, tsis tawm ntawm qhov txwv ntawm Kronstadt. Cov tub ceev xwm B altic, uas thuam cov nom tswv txoj cai, siv nws lub npe los hu ua lub bay.

Neva Bay
Neva Bay

thaj chaw

Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, Neva Bay yog qhia los ntawm sab nrauv ntawm cov xuab zeb uas tsim los ntawm Neva. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, nws raug txwv los ntawm cov kab lus Lisiy Nos - Kronstadt - Lomonosov. Sab qaum teb ntawm thaj chaw dej nyob sab qaum teb ntawm Neva Bay thaj chaw cia.

Nrog tus so ntawm Gulf of Finland (tsis tauCov qauv kev tiv thaiv tau tshwm sim) lub bay tau txuas nrog straits nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm Kotlin Island thiab coj lub npe ntawm Northern thiab Southern Gates. Tam sim no lub Gulf of Finland tau sib cais los ntawm lub bay (raws li cov qauv ntawm Gorskaya - Kronstadt - Bronka) los ntawm ib tug monolithic complex tsim los ntawm dams tsim los tiv thaiv St. Petersburg los ntawm dej nyab. Nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev tam sim no, Neva Bay yog ib qho dej ntws cais tawm.

Kev piav qhia ntawm Neva Bay

Ua ntej kev tsim cov dams, cov dej ntawm lub bay npog thaj tsam ntawm 329 km2. Tam sim no, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm lub reservoir khiav raws txoj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv complex tsim los ntawm dams, cheeb tsam ntawm lub bay yog ze li ntawm 380 km2. Thaj chaw dej uas muaj cov xuab zeb hauv qab yog ntim nrog cov dej loj ntawm 1.2 km³.

Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland stretches rau 21 kilometers ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob - qhov no yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm lub reservoir. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw dej yog li 15 km, thiab qhov tob txawv ntawm peb mus rau tsib meters.

Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland
Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland

Txoj kev mus rau qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj yog teeb tsa los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntuj tsim thiab tsim khoom. Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab cov qauv monolithic, kev sib pauv dej ntawm cov dej qab ntsev uas ua rau lub Gulf of Finland thiab cov dej desalinated ntawm lub bay yog qhov nyuaj. Obstacles txwv tsis pub cov cua nthwv dej taug kev raws ntug hiav txwv los txeeb lub bay.

Txoj kab sab hnub poob ntawm Lomonosovskaya shoal, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm kev tiv thaiv complex, so tawm tsam South Gate. Ua tsaug rau qhov no shipping channel, Gulf of Finland thiab Nevadi ncauj. Thaj chaw South Gate tsis dav, tsuas yog 200 meters. Qhov nruab nrab qhov tob ntawm txoj kev mus txog 16 meters.

Lub qhov ncauj ntawm Neva txuas nrog daim di ncauj los ntawm lub hiav txwv hiav txwv navigable. Nyob rau hauv lub Nevsky ntug dej hiav txwv, uas nyob rau sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm lub bay, ib tug tag nrho system ntawm shoals thiab fairways tau tsim, interspersed nrog longitudinal hollows. Txoj kev ncaj ncees yog sawv cev los ntawm cov channel: Elaginsky, Petrovsky, Galerny, Nkoj, Rowing thiab Morskoy. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov tob ntawm qhov ntiav yog 1.5 meters. Qhov ntev ntawm lub bar ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj yog 3-5 km, los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb - 12-15 km.

ntug dej hiav txwv yam ntxwv thiab huab cua

Lub ntug dej hiav txwv, uas ua rau Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland los ntawm sab qaum teb, qis qis, swampy hauv qee qhov chaw lossis tsa los ntawm alluvium. Cov ntug dej ntawm no yog overgrown nrog woodlands thiab shrubs. Sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv, ncab ntawm Strelna mus rau lub qhov ncauj ntawm Neva, kuj qis. Lub ntug dej hiav txwv txuas mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Strelna yog siab thiab npog nrog hav zoov. Cov ntug dej hiav txwv hauv thaj chaw nthwv dej yog littered nrog pob zeb.

Neva Bay
Neva Bay

Neva Bay puv dej tshiab. Tsuas yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm thaj chaw dej yog cov dej brackish. Hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv, kev sib pauv dej tau qeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nyob rau hauv qhov tob, dej sov mus txog 16-19 ° C, nyob rau hauv qhov ntiav ntiav - mus txog 21-23 ° C. Lub caij da dej nws txawv ntawm 50 mus rau 70 hnub.

Ice regime ntawm Neva Bay

Raws li thaum nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ib Hlis mus txog, cov dej khov hauv daim ntawv sludge thiab rog tshwm rau ntawm cov dej ntawm daim di ncauj. Ua kom tiav khov ntawm lub reservoir yog pom los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis. Tag nrho cov dej khov yog tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm nyob ntawm seb huab cua nyob rau hauv lub bay. Mus rau hauv chav txiasthiab huab cua txias, cov dej khov nce hauv 2-3 hnub. Nrog cua thiab lub teeb Frost, txheej txheem yuav siv li ib hlis.

Raws li cov xwm txheej ib txwm, cov dej khov tuab thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no loj hlob mus rau 30-70 centimeters (hauv thaj chaw ncaj ncees nws tsis pub tshaj 20 cm). Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no txias heev, cov dej khov thickness mus txog 80-100 cm nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv cheeb tsam, 60-80 cm nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub reservoir, thiab 20-30 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kev ncaj ncees. Cov dej khov loj pib tawg thaum lub Plaub Hlis nees nkaum. Thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub hli, Neva Bay ntawm Gulf of Finland tsis muaj dej khov kiag li.

Neva Bay cheeb tsam
Neva Bay cheeb tsam

Daim ntawv dej khov maj mam tawg. Los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb hla dej khov txhua qhov chaw, gullies gape nyob rau hauv txoj kev ncaj ncees. Cov dej khov tawg ua ob txoj kev: los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub bay mus rau ntug hiav txwv dej thiab los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob.

Fauna ntawm Neva Bay

Lub ichthyofauna ntawm lub reservoir yog sawv cev los ntawm 27 hom ntses dej tshiab: perch, roach, pike, ruff, dace thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm lub Gulf of Finland, marine hom tau sau tseg: cod, eelpout, flounder, herring, B altic sprat. Kwv yees li 3,000 tons ntawm ntses raug ntes ntawm no txhua xyoo. Ntawm cov hom kev lag luam, smelt yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Neva Bay yog qhov chaw zoo rau cov noog. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm avifauna ntawm no yog ntau haiv neeg. Ntau hom dej noog thiab shorebirds zes ntawm no. Thaum lub sij hawm tsiv teb tsaws chaw, cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw npaj mus pw hav zoov hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub bay. Hauv thaj chaw dej muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm woodpeckers thiab crayfish, charadriiformes thiab passerines, anseriformes thiab falconiformes.

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