Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg sau xov xwm tuaj yeem tau txais hauv ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog paub meej hauv kev xyaum, nkag siab los ntawm kev paub dhau los. Kev xaiv ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw tshaj xov xwm tus neeg thov yuav mus kawm.
Muaj txoj haujlwm no - paub txog txhua yam
Kev sau xov xwm - kev pabcuam lossis haujlwm? Tau kawg, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib txoj hauj lwm uas koj xav tau koj cov kev txawj thiab peev xwm. Tus neeg sau xov xwm tuaj yeem sau ntawv, tau txais kev xam phaj, sau xov xwm tshaj tawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwj xeeb no yog qhov txawv ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, tus tub ceev xwm xov xwm tiag tiag paub yuav ua li cas txhawb lawv txoj kev ntseeg siab thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Qhov no yog ib tug detective, thiab ib tug actor, thiab ib tug sau tag nrho dov mus rau hauv ib tug. Tau kawg, xws li kev ua haujlwm ntau yam ua rau muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm lub qab ntug.
Taug kev phau ntawv
Tus cwj mem tiag tiag tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb saib. Tus neeg ua haujlwm xovxwm saib lub ntiaj teb greedily, saib ib ncig ntawm lub sijhawm xov xwm, qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thawj zaug rau cov khoom siv thiab kev sib cuag tshiab. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau txhais hais tias tus qauv nto moolub npe Paparazzi los ntawm Fellini lub xinesmas yog ib tug neeg sau xov xwm tseeb, ua yeeb yam tactlessness thiab importunity. Tab sis tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm sai sai, tsis muaj dab tsi ua. Tom qab tag nrho, raws li Vladimir Pozner tau hais nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Scandal", kev sau xov xwm yog khawv koob uas tam sim no tsuas yog tam sim no.
Yuav ua kom cov ntaub ntawv zoo, tus neeg tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum npaj cov ntaub ntawv, ua nws cov kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tshaj tawm nrog cov lus raug. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov xovxwm tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm lub notepad lossis cov khoom siv tshiab uas ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.
Ib tug kws tshaj lij xov xwm paub yuav nthuav tawm xov xwm li cas thiaj li tsis tuaj yeem nyeem nws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv xov xwm ua hauj lwm kom muaj ib tug meej daim duab ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim, saib lub heterogeneity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kho cov neeg tuaj saib mloog rau lub ntsiab lub tswv yim nrog kev pab los ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm lo lus.
Muaj tseeb tiag, ntau tus ntseeg tias kev sau xov xwm yog tus viv ncaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev kos duab, zoo li tus kws kos duab hauv tsev yog kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov kws sau ntawv txawj ntse xaiv txoj hauv kev no, tib lub sijhawm sau cov dab neeg zoo thiab cov dab neeg tshiab. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias nws yog txoj kev niaj hnub ntawm lub neej uas ua rau tib neeg ua lub neej muaj kev sib raug zoo tawm ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv. Tam sim no tus sau tab tom nrhiav rau nws tus phab ej tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sab hauv, tab sis nyob rau hauv pawg neeg saib xyuas. Nov yog daim duab luv luv ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm xovxwm niaj hnub no.
Journalism Essentials: Npaj Zaj Dab Neeg
Xov Xwm - qhov no yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb tau txais los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij sau ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv xov xwm. Qhov tseeb thiab cov xwm txheej tiagua kom cov khoom nthuav. Tsis muaj qhov chaw rau kev xav thiab xav txog hauv xov xwm xov xwm. Txhua lub koom haum sau xov xwm hones rau nws cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj peev xwm cais lub ntsiab ntawm theem nrab. Cov tub ntxhais kawm xyaum muab lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav. Nov yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau xov xwm.
Tsis tas li, cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm txawv cov lus qhia, uas sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv cov tswv yim thiab kev nthuav qhia. Kev sau xov xwm, xov tooj cua journalism, thiab TV journalism xav tau kev txawj sib txawv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov chaw xws li photojournalism thiab tshaj tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv xav tau cov lus txib zoo. Txhawm rau sau cov ntawv rau cov ntawv luam tawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm hais qhov tseeb tseeb, rau xov tooj cua, kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj yog xav tau, rau TV, ntxiv rau cov lus saum toj no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv cov ncej.
Kuv muaj chaw nplua - npaj mus ncig
Ntau zaus, cov tub ntxhais hluas tau mob siab kawm txoj haujlwm ntawm tus tub ceev xwm xov xwm, tab sis tsis ua lawv cov neeg sau xov xwm tshawb nrhiav txog lub tsev kawm ntawv tsim nyog. Qhov kev xaiv, raws li txoj cai, poob rau qhov ze tshaj plaws hauv tsev lossis ib lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj koob npe. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tuam tsev.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, yuav luag txhua lub nroog loj muaj sijhawm kom tau txais kev kawm zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas muab kev kawm tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw uas txaus siab rau tus neeg thov.
Tau kawg, qhov no yog kev sau xov xwm ntawm Moscow State University, cov kws qhia ntawv xov xwm ntawm MGIMO thiab lub koom haum Mass Media ntawm Lavxias State University rau Humanities.
Kev sau xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb tau tshwm sim ntawm MGIMO xyoo 1968. Raws li lub koom haum ntawm Mass Media, RSUH tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev qhia tib neeg txoj kev kawm ntawm qib siab hauv cov xwm txheej uas tau hais los ntawm hnub nyoog cov ntaub ntawv.
MSU yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau xov xwm hauv peb lub tebchaws, yog li cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tau tham kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Txhua tus kawm tiav ntawm peb lub tsev kawm ntawv loj tshaj plaws tau txais lub sijhawm los kawm paub tsim cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm ntawm lawv tus kheej, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ywj pheej, nrhiav nws qhov twg tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Tsis yog txhua tus kws qhia ntawv xov xwm muab lub sijhawm kom tau txais kev xyaum dav dav, ib yam li cov tsev kawm ntawv loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws.
txawv tebchaws universities
Lub ntiaj teb muaj koob npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev sau xov xwm faculties thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab muaj lawv tus kheej cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Tab sis yog tias ua ntej lub vector ntawm kev kawm raug xaiv raws li kev xav tau ntawm lub teb chaws, tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm globalization, classical tsev kawm ntawv tau nce ua cov kev pab cuam ntau universal. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais lub sijhawm kom tau txais kev paub tshwj xeeb. Nws yog rau lub hom phiaj kom tau txais kev txawj ntse los ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm gurus uas cov tub ntxhais kawm kov yeej qhov kev ncua deb uas tsis xav txog thiab teeb meem lus.
Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev sau xov xwm, uas suav tias yog ib qho kev hwm tshaj plaws, nyob hauv Columbia University hauv Asmeskas. Cwj mem masters tau kawm ntawm no hauv txhua qhov chaw loj.
Rau kev sau xov xwm hauv thaj chawkev cai lij choj thiab kev lag luam, nws tsim nyog mus rau Carlos III University of Madrid. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev txawj sau ntawv tau qhia ntawm no los ntawm prism ntawm social sciences thiab humanities.
Cov neeg sau xov xwm tshawb fawb tau txais cov kev paub tsim nyog ntawm University of Dortmund hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Ntuj thiab kev qhuab qhia yog qhia ntawm no, cov neeg kawm tiav tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb ntawm cov ncauj lus xaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, technical press masters tau raug cob qhia hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm Fachhochschule Bonn-Rein-Sieg. Kev tshawb fawb hauv computer, kev tshawb fawb tseeb, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tau qhia ntawm no, nrog rau keeb kwm ntawm kev sau xov xwm lossis hom lus ntawm hom lus.
Ntawm Australian University of Western Sydney lawv kawm kev lag luam, kev ua kis las thiab kev sau xov xwm nom tswv. Tab sis cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj tawm uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas kev kos duab raug xa mus kawm craftsmanship ntawm New Zealand Institute of Technology. Ntawm no lawv cob qhia tshuab raj, kws yees duab thiab tsim qauv. Yog li, New Zealand kawm tiav tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb, tab sis cov kws tshaj lij ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob txoj haujlwm. Qhov piv txwv thib ob ntawm kev kawm ua ke yog nyob hauv University of Navarra hauv Spain. Ntawm no cov tub ntxhais kawm tshwj xeeb hauv kev xav, thiab tom qab kawm tiav lawv dhau los ua neeg sau xov xwm analytical.
Txawv tebchaws, kev xyaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv lwm qhov chaw hais lus tseem cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev sau xov xwm hauv Fab Kis tau coj cov tub ntxhais kawm mus rau Ltalis. Ltalis muaj cov kab lis kev cai sib txawv, kev paub sib txawv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Yog li ntawd, kev sau xov xwm tshwj xeeb tau qhia ntawm no. Cov tsev kawm qib siab thoob ntiaj teb muab lawv cov kev kawm thiab cov kev xav tau.
Qhov rai hauvTeb chaws Europe
Cov tebchaws Lavxias xws li MGIMO, RSUH thiab Moscow State University xa lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm mus txawv tebchaws. Lub koom haum ntawm Journalism muab lub sijhawm kom tau txais kev paub txawv teb chaws. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yog qhov muaj kev xeem lus paub tab thiab ob peb xyoos ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab.
Yog tias tus neeg thov kev ywj pheej nrhiav kev sau xov xwm, ces txhua yam kev nyuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv poob rau nws. Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev xeem saum toj no, koj yuav tsum muab cov ntawv sau cia, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev daws teeb meem nyiaj txiag, cov ntawv pom zoo thiab kev txhawb siab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov haujlwm uas tau tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm. Cov nqi sau npe, nqi tsev, thiab cov nqi tshwj xeeb yog them rau tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee lub tsev kawm txawv tebchaws tau muab nyiaj pub dawb rau cov pej xeem txawv tebchaws thiab muab lub tsev so.
Newsboys
Qee zaum cov neeg sau xov xwm raug hu ua cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txoj haujlwm qub qub thib ob, qhia txog lub peev xwm los nthuav tawm cov xov xwm hauv lub teeb uas lawv tau xaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub ceev xwm tau tshwm sim hauv Russia tsis ntev los no - nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo ua ntej kawg.
Lub npe yog muab los ntawm Fabkis thiab txhais tau tias "chaw muag mis nyuj" (los ntawm phau ntawv journal). Moscow publicists tau koom nyob rau hauv periodicals. Twb tau nyob rau hauv Tsars Mikhail Fedorovich thiab Alexei Mikhailovich, thawj phau ntawv sau ntawm Chimes thiab Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm tau luam tawm, feem ntau txhais los ntawm European cov ntawv xov xwm tau luam tawm hauv lawv: German, Swedish, Polish thiab Dutch. Cov xov xwm tau nyeem rau vaj ntxwv thiab cov neeg nyob ze nwsboyars. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1702, thawj zaug mus sib hais Vedomosti tau luam tawm, dua muaj cov xov xwm txawv teb chaws. Peter the Great nws tus kheej tau pom lub sijhawm hauv nws lub sijhawm los xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Xyoo 1703, kev tshaj tawm pib tshwm sim tsis tu ncua rau hnub Tuesday thiab Fridays.
Yog li, cov xov xwm peddlers tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los, tab sis kev sau xov xwm tuaj yeem txhim kho tsuas yog tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xovxwm luam ntawv thiab qhov xav tau ntawm cov pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Xws li kev xav tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, lub sijhawm ntawm kev boom, thaum manufacturers pib ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag niaj hnub. Cov tub lag luam yuav tsum paub txog lub teb chaws twg cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem yuav thiab qhov twg cov tshuab tshiab rau kev tsim tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm cov nqi, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kawm txog kev sib tw ua lag luam.
Lub sijhawm tib lub sijhawm, tsoomfwv cov koomhaum tau nthuav tawm kev txaus siab hauv xov xwm. Tam sim no cov xovxwm yog "kev caij nees" ntawm kev xav, kev ntseeg thiab kev ua nom ua tswv.
keeb kwm ntawm kev sau xov xwm yog sib txuas nrog rau qib kev nyeem ntawv ntawm cov pej xeem.
Mikhail Lomonosov tau ua haujlwm zoo rau cov xov xwm hauv tebchaws. Nws txoj hauj lwm "Discourses on the Duties of Journalists" nteg lub vector rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 19th thiab 20th centuries. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb lub tswv yim hais txog dab tsi lub domestic xovxwm yuav tsum tau hais tias cov hauj lwm ntawm lub almanacs "Lub Tswb", "Moscow Telegraph", "Cov ntawv sau hauv tsev", "Polar Star" yog tsim.
Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj tig los yug "Tshiabntiaj teb" thiab lwm yam luam tawm, suav nrog "Izvestia", "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Soviet Russia".
cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Fatherland
Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws uas cob qhia cov neeg sau xov xwm yog Kws qhia ntawv xov xwm ntawm Moscow State University. Cov kws qhia ntawv muaj 14 chav haujlwm, suav nrog: chav haujlwm ntawm kev sau xov xwm txawv teb chaws thiab ntawv nyeem, chav haujlwm keeb kwm ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm hauv tebchaws, kev sau ntawv thiab kev thuam thiab sau xov xwm, hom lus ntawm haiv neeg, TV thiab xov tooj cua tshaj tawm, ntawv xov xwm thev naus laus zis, xov xwm tshiab thiab kev sib txuas lus theory thiab lwm yam. Kev cob qhia ntawm cov kws sau xov xwm, kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, cov kws sau ntawv hauv Internet kuj tau ua ntawm no. Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Journalism ntawm Moscow State University muab kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv: full-time, yav tsaus ntuj thiab part-time. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm rau kev sau ntawv tau raug ncua. Cov ntawv xov xwm, duab, xov tooj cua, TV, thoob ntiaj teb, kis las, kev sau xov xwm ua lag luam tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv niaj hnub.
Cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li ntawv xov xwm, TV, xov tooj cua sau xov xwm, nrog rau kev sau ntawv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm pej xeem, kuj tuaj yeem kawm ntawm chav haujlwm yav tsaus ntuj.
Txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv paub txog kev nom kev tswv, kev xav thiab kev qhuab qhia tshwj xeeb. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev kawm txog cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, kev npaj cov khoom siv rau TV thiab xov tooj cua, lub koom haum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm pab neeg kho, nrhiav tau cov txuj ci tshaj tawm, kev tsim thiab txhawb kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, convergent media content.
NyobCov kws qhia ntawv muaj lub platform loj tshaj plaws thiab kev kawm, sawv cev los ntawm Ibero-American Center rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Sau Xov Xwm thiab Kab lis kev cai, Dawb Lavxias-German Institute of Journalism, Lub Chaw rau Kev Kawm ntawm Media ntawm Scandinavia thiab Finland, Franco- Lavxias teb sab, Lavxias teb sab-Japanese, Italian-Lavxias teb sab, Lavxias teb sab-Indian, Lavxias teb sab-Suav chaw. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem paub cov lus txawv teb chaws zoo kawg nkaus, kawm txog kev tshaj tawm xov xwm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau lub xeev, koom nrog cov kev sib pauv txawv teb chaws muab los ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv Xov Xwm. Kev cob qhia kev cob qhia tau raug txhim kho tas li.
Zaj dab neeg 60 xyoo
Ntau tshaj 20,000 tus neeg kawm tiav los ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm Moscow State University hauv 60 xyoo. Ntawm lawv yog cov infamous Vladislav Listyev thiab Anna Politkovskaya. Ntawm cov hnub qub tshaj tawm niaj hnub, nws tsim nyog nco txog Marianna Maksimovskaya, Ernest Matskyavichus thiab Alexei Pivovarov los ntawm kev lom zem xov xwm - cov no yog Evelina Khromchenko, Ksenia Strizh, Dana Borisova, Tutta Larson, Andrey Malakhov. Tus kws sau nto moo Dmitry Bykov thiab kws sau paj huam Vera Polozkova kuj tau kawm ntawm no.
Tsis yog cov kawm tiav xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov xibfwb qhia ntawv. Yog li, kev sau xov xwm ntawm Moscow State University yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau tshaj 165 tus xibfwb. Ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb muaj 97 tus kws tshaj lij, cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab 32 tus xibfwb. Muaj ntau tus neeg kawm tiav uas kawm tiav los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv xov xwm txuas ntxiv mus qhia ntawm no. Ntawm lawv yog xov tooj cua tus tswv Svetlana Sorokina, suab paj nruag thuam Artemy Troitsky, editor-in-chief ntawm Ekho Moskvy program Alexei Venediktov. Rau tag nrho cov neeg no, kev sau xov xwm yog ntau duaib txoj hauj lwm yog ib txoj hauj lwm, yog li kev kawm los ntawm lawv txhais tau tias tsis yog kawm cov hauv paus ntawm kev txawj ntse, tab sis kuj qhia koj tus kheej cov txuj ci.
Ntxhais kawm ntawv ntawm ntug hiav txwv
Nws ntseeg tias lub monument rau Lomonosov tsis yog keeb kwm ntawm kev sau xov xwm nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov chaw muaj hwj chim rau cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws sau ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov kawm tiav tsis ntev los no tuaj ntawm no, ntawm no yog qhov chaw sib tham ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv xov xwm.
Txhua txoj kev kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau txaus siab nrog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, vim tias cov tub ntxhais kawm siv sijhawm ntau ua ke. Lawv tshaj tawm ib qho kev xaiv tshaj tawm "Xov Xwm", npaj cov kev pab cuam sab hauv thiab cov kev pab cuam lawv tus kheej, thiab nquag tsim kev tshaj tawm.
Cov voj voog kev sau xov xwm yog qhov kev cob qhia muaj tswv yim thiab studios. Ntawm no cov txiv neej kawm los tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev xav, mloog lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom thiab muab cov lus rau ib leeg ntawm cov lus pom zoo.
Xav kom dhau los ua koj tus kheej
Txhawm rau kawm hauv Moscow State University, lub tsev kawm ntawv, zoo li lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv xov xwm, muaj cov neeg thov kom xeem dhau qhov kev xeem nkag. Niaj hnub no lawv suav nrog Unified State Examination hauv Lavxias thiab Ntawv Sau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem yuav tsum xeem dhau cov lus txawv teb chaws, nrog rau cov lus Askiv thiab German, lawv xeem ua lus Fabkis thiab Spanish.
Cov ntawv nyeem suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib tw muaj tswv yim kuj raug suav nrog.
Kev nkag nws tus kheej yog ua nyob rau hauv ob theem. Hauv thawj theem, cov ntawv sau muaj tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws raug xaiv, thiab qhov thib ob, kev xaiv raug xaiv los ntawm cov neeg thov uas tau dhau qhov kev xam phaj txaus.
Rau bachelors, muaj lub sijhawm los rau npe rau hauv tus tswv txoj haujlwm (lub sijhawm kawm yog 2 xyoos). Nws txaus kom dhau qhov kev xam phaj thiab muab daim diploma ntawm kev kawm qib siab.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev cob qhia rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev kawm qib siab thib ob yog 3 xyoos. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm no yog tib yam rau kev nkag mus rau hauv pawg tswj hwm. Kev kawm raug them, tab sis txhua tus tuaj yeem tuaj koom cov xibfwb qhia ntawv thiab cov chav kawm master los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, suav nrog kev xyaum cov neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm cov chaw tshaj xov xwm.
Young journalist
Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm qib 9 thiab 10 uas xav npaj rau kev xeem nkag, cov chav kawm sau xov xwm tau ua. Txhawm rau koom nrog hauv qhov kev kawm, koj yuav tsum xeem dhau txoj haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg thov tuaj yeem mus ntsib lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv - "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Cov Neeg Sau Xov Xwm Hluas". Rau cov chav kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv studio, koj yuav tsum sau ib tsab ntawv thiab dhau kev xam phaj. Cov chav kawm sau xov xwm dhau 9 lub hlis. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv studio, lub sijhawm kawm yog 1 lossis 2 xyoos. Kev sau xov xwm yog kev hu xov tooj thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua kom nkag siab nws thaum yau.
Lawv hais tias tus neeg sau xov xwm, tus sau, tus neeg thuam tsis yog yug los ua. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias txij li thaum yau koj tau pom kev hlub rau cwj mem thiab ntawv, muaj peev xwm sau thiab nthuav qhia rau lwm tus, qhia koj lub tswv yim thiab mloog lwm tus, ces koj yeej nyob ntawm txoj kev nrog cwj mem sharks.
