Viburnum vulgaris: tshuaj thaj chaw, nta thiab siv

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:48

Kalina zoo tib yam (liab) tau tsim nws tus kheej feem ntau yog ib qho tshuaj zoo rau ntau yam mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm no tsob ntoo deciduous ntoo yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, cosmetology thiab horticulture.

Kev piav qhia ntawm viburnum

Cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj xim greyish-xim av thiab cov kab nrib pleb ntev. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tsob ntoo yog 1.5 m, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 4 m. Lub neej expectancy ntawm viburnum tuaj yeem ncav cuag 50 xyoo lossis ntau dua. Cov nplooj sib txawv petiolate yog 5-10 cm ntev thiab 5-8 cm dav, cov duab yog puag ncig thiab ovoid. Cov nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab saum toj no thiab greyish ntsuab hauv qab. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov xim tuaj yeem yog liab-txiv kab ntxwv thiab ntshav. Cov nplooj muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom. Furrowed ib-los yog ob-centimeter petioles yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm muaj ob stipules ntawm lub hauv paus.

liab qab los yog ribbed rounded tua nrog loj lenticels yog muaj nyob rau hauv greyish-dawb, daj-xim av thiab liab. Lub hexagonal core muaj ib tug dawb tint nrog ib tug admixture ntawm liab. Reddish-ntsuab ovoid buds muaj ob fused, plaub hau tsis muaj, me ntsis ci thiab nplaum. Los ntawm saum toj no, lawv yog liab-xim av, thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus - grey los yog ntsuab. Muaj ob lub pseudo-terminal buds ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tua, thiab ib qho ntawm cov tua tsis khov.

Heteromorphic paj tau sau rau hauv umbellate ray panicles hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 6-8 daim. Lawv txoj kab uas hla yog li ntawm 5 mus rau 8 cm. Ib feem ntawm cov inflorescence, nyob rau saum cov ceg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, yog nrog rau cov qog me me los yog liab qab. Tsib stamens muaj daj anthers. Cov pistil yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qis qis peb lub zes qe menyuam ntawm cov duab cylindrical, peb feem stigma thiab conical style. Lub sij hawm flowering pib thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis thiab feem ntau kav ib nrab mus rau ob lub lis piam.

Fruits

Ci liab viburnum berries muaj ib tug kheej kheej los yog oval zoo nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 8-10 hli. Cov pob txha loj loj (7-9 hli) muaj qhov tsis sib xws thiab qhov taw tes ntse rau saum. 1,000 noob hnyav 20-30 g. Lawv khaws tau ib xyoos.

Lub saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kua ntawm viburnum vulgaris yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm viscosity thiab iab me ntsis, uas ploj tom qab thawj lub caij ntuj no. Berries ripen nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj thiab Cuaj hlis.

Ntau yam thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tawm

Txawm hais tias lub viburnum copes zoo nrog waterlogging, frosty thiab qhuav huab cua, nws muaj peev xwm feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Asia thiab Europe, yam ntxwv ntawm huab cua kub. Nws yog ib hom nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Caucasus, Crimea, Kazakhstan, North Africa, Eastern thiab Western Siberia. nyob rau hauv lub steppeCov cheeb tsam feem ntau yog nyob ze cov dej ntws, hauv thaj chaw hav zoov nws nyiam moistened av ntawm ntug, clearings thiab clearings. Viburnum pom nyob rau hauv spruce, fir, ntoo thuv, ntoo qhib, hornbeam, dub alder, birch thiab aspen undergrowth. Nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab hav zoov-steppe thaj chaw, cov nroj tsuag tsim muaj dej nyab hav zoov.

Viburnum vulgaris yog kab paj ntoo. Lawv yog attracted rau barren marginal paj. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm pollination yog ua los ntawm kab, Hymenoptera thiab Diptera. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag reproduces nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas nqa los ntawm noog, noob, cag noob thiab txheej.

kho pob txha

Ua ntej cog, cov noob ntawm viburnum vulgaris yuav tsum raug rau ob-theem stratification. Ua ntej, cov pob txha yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv tsev ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20 ° C rau 18 teev, tom qab ntawd ntawm 30 ° C rau 6 teev. Nyob rau theem no, lub embryo tsim thiab lub hauv paus system germinates. Thaum lub sij hawm thib ob, cov noob raug rau qhov kub ntawm 5-10 ° C rau 2-4 lub hlis, thaum lub sij hawm tua tau tsim thiab dormancy ntawm epicotyl raug tshem tawm.

tshuaj

Viburnum vulgaris yog qhov chaw nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab. Nws cov tawv ntoo muaj cov carbohydrates thiab ntau cov khoom sib txuas: pectin, myricyl cawv, cellulose, flobafen, resin thiab phytosterol. Cov roj tseem ceeb muaj formic, caproic, acetic, valeric, caprylic, linolenic thiab phenolcarboxylic acids; saponins, iridoids, alkaloids, coumarins, vitamin C, triterpenoids, glycoside, viburnin, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanins thiab anthraquinones. Nyob rau hauv ntoo muaj pes tsawg leegViburnum vulgaris suav nrog tannins.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj carbohydrates, uas yog qabzib, polysaccharides, fructose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose, sucrose, galactose thiab arabinose. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj muaj acetic, isovaleric thiab derivatives ntawm phenol carboxylic acids, pectins, triterpenoids, steroids, carotene, vitamin C, tannins, sambucin, catechins, flavonoids thiab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm poov tshuaj ntsev.

Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm Viburnum vulgaris yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv triterpenoids, roj yam tseem ceeb, vitamin K thiab C. Cov ceg ntoo muaj tannins thiab salicin. Cov paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj xws li ursolic acid, peonozide, kaempferol, astragalin thiab lwm yam flavonoids. Cov nplooj muaj saponins, phenols, viopuridal, iridoids, vitamin C, steroids, alkaloids, coumarins thiab anthocyanins. Lawv kuj muaj phenolcarboxylic thiab cov roj fatty acids ntau dua (kas fes, chlorogenic thiab neochlorogenic, oleic, linolenic, behenic, myristic, stearic, arachidic, cerotinic thiab lwm yam).

tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig

Kalina vulgaris, uas yog nws cov tawv ntoo, yog siv dav hauv cov tshuaj siv tau. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug extract thiab decoction, nws ua raws li ib tug anti-inflammatory thiab hemostatic tus neeg saib xyuas rau cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv, menopause, hemorrhoids thiab algomenorrhea. Infusion ntawm bark muaj ib tug sedative nyhuv nyob rau hauv qaug dab peg, tseem ceeb kub siab, hysteria thiab neuroses. Sab nraud siv rau cov kab mob periodontal thiab herpes. Mob thiab catarrhal rhinitis thiab tracheobronchitis yog kho nrog txoj kev los ntawm cov tawv ntoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm inhalations,dej thiab drip.

Infusion thiab tshiab viburnum berries yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim tshuaj raws li ib tug vitamin, laxative thiab diaphoretic. Cov extract los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua rau lub qhov txhab-kho cov nyhuv. Kev siv cov khoom sib sau ua ke txhim kho myocardial contraction. Hauv cov kws kho tsiaj, ib qho decoction ntawm cov tawv ntoo yog siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev txhim kho kev zom zaub mov. Ib qho infusion ntawm paj kho kab mob ko taw thiab qhov ncauj hauv cov tsiaj horned loj.

Npaj cov khoom siv

Kho cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tawv tawv ntawm viburnum. Cov tom kawg yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag txiav ua ntej tawg paj thiab thaum lub sij hawm sapflow, uas yog, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum tau qhuav, crushed thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv lub qhib cua los yog nyob rau hauv lub siab kub, uas yog 50-60 ° C. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tawg yooj yim, ces cov txheej txheem kev npaj tau ua tiav tiav.

Berry puv puv rau lub Cuaj Hli thiab Lub Kaum Hli. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau sau tseg yuav tsum tau qhuav thiab qhuav mus rau lub xeev khov ntawm qhov kub ntawm 70-80 ° C. Thaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov stalks raug cais. Paj thiab nplooj ntawm viburnum kuj suav hais tias yog tshuaj. Lawv tau sau thiab sau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lig thiab lub caij ntuj sov thaum ntxov. Rau ziab paj thiab nplooj, ob qho tib si huab cua kub (kwv yees li 50 ° C) thiab qhov chaw zoo-ventilated yog tsim. Cov khoom tiav tiav tau khaws cia zoo hauv lub hnab paj rwb.

Siv tshuaj ntsuab

Cov neeg nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws tau ntseeg ntev ntev txog kev kho mob ntawm viburnum (hauv Latin, cov nroj tsuag hu ua Viburnum opulus). Ib decoction ntawm bark yog siv rau neurosis, qaug dab peg, ua pa thiabpoj niam kab mob, mob plawv thiab lub raum edema. Ib qho infusion ntawm nplooj yog siv rau mob caj pas. Ib decoction ntawm cov ceg yuav pab nrog hemorrhoids, kab mob ua pa, scrofula, mob caj pas, thiab sab nraud nrog conjunctivitis. Cov neeg nyob hauv Suav teb tau siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj ntawm viburnum ua laxative thiab emetic.

Infusion thiab decoction ntawm paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj diaphoretic, expectorant, diuretic thiab astringent nyhuv. Nws kuj yog siv sab nraud rau kev ntxuav qhov txhab thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mob caj pas. Infusion ntawm berries muaj ib tug hypotensive, choleretic, sedative, restorative thiab anti-inflammatory nyhuv nyob rau hauv convulsions, insomnia, hysteria, eczema, boils, carbuncles thiab plab rwj. Ib decoction ntawm noob pab nrog dyspepsia. Berry kua txiv tau siv los kho mob ntsws asthma, mob taub hau, mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob qog noj ntshav.

Kalina thiab ua noj

Berry muaj ib pob paj tshwj xeeb. Thawj Frost relieves lawv ntawm iab. Los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm viburnum, qab thiab noj qab nyob zoo kua txiv, kissels, extracts, wines, tinctures thiab liqueurs tau txais, uas muaj ib tug peculiar qaub saj.

Berry yog tsim rau ua nqaij seasonings thiab ncuav qab zib filling. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ntau ntawm pectins, vim hais tias ntuj marmalade tau los ntawm lawv. Ntau tus hloov cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau hauv vinegar. Cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj cov nyhuv tonic, yog li lawv feem ntau hloov nrog caffeine.

Red viburnum hauv vaj décor

Paj paj zoo nkauj feem ntau cog hauv cov tiaj ua si thiab lub vaj. Tshwj xeebcultivated ornamental ntau yam yog nrov, uas txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv qhov siab, xim, nplooj ntawv, siv thiab lub sij hawm ntawm flowering. Viburnum muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntev frosts (-35 ° C lossis ntau dua). Cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov pa roj siv tau zoo tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Roseum

No ornamental cultivar of Viburnum vulgaris is used as a single profusely flowering shrub near buildings and hedges. Qhov siab ntawm cov neeg laus cog yog kwv yees li 4 m. Cov duab ntawm lub crown yog round. Thaum lub sij hawm xyoo, viburnum nce los ntawm 30-70 cm. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, lub teeb ntsuab xim ntawm nplooj yog hloov los ntawm daj-liab. Daus-dawb paj tsim ntau lub kaus mom loj loj uas npog tag nrho cov hav txwv yeem.

Kalina Roseum hlob zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj av noo, nplua nuj nyob hauv av. Muaj peev xwm zam lub sij hawm luv luv waterlogging ntawm cov av. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev laus pruning. Cov nroj tsuag muaj qhov nruab nrab tiv thaiv kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Nws blooms sib npaug abundantly thiab ntev ntev ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj chaw thiab nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo. Lub shrub muaj ib tug ncaj siab Frost tsis kam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm Vnukovo chaw zov me nyuam, viburnum ciaj sia lub caij ntuj no hnyav yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.

Compactum

No ornamental shrub is a me me (kwv yees li 1.5 m), tab sis cov nroj tsuag ntom ntom nrog lub teeb ntsuab nplooj thiab dav, puag ncig. Creamy dawb paj. Thaum lub Yim Hli thiab Lub Cuaj Hli, viburnum dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog ntau lub teeb liab drupes,tsim pawg. Berries nrog ib txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 1 cm tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm ntawm tsob ntoo kom ntev.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas viburnum "compactum" loj hlob qeeb, tab sis ntau xyoo cov txheej txheem tau nrawm heev. Bush pib tawg txog tsib xyoos tom qab cog hauv lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Rau Hli. Cov nroj tsuag nyiam me ntsis acidic los yog muaj zog alkaline tshiab fertile av. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub shrub yog unpretentious nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas. Nws tolerates shaping pruning nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Kev xav tau huab cua tsis tu ncua vim nws tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm aphids.

Raws li rau chiv, kev qhia txog cov organic-mineral tshuaj ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau viburnum. Kho kom zoo nkauj ntau yam "compactum" yog zus singly los yog nyob rau hauv pawg los tsim mixborders, hedges thiab lwm yam toj roob hauv pes compositions. Nws muaj siab Frost tsis kam. Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm viburnum ntawm hom no yog flowering thiab fertility thaum hluas. Cov drupes tseem nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thoob plaws lub caij ntuj no, thaum khaws lawv cov xim. Cov khoom no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau tus noog.

txiv hmab txiv ntoo xaiv

Lub hav txwv yeem ntawm "taiga ruby" ntau yam nrog lub ntsej muag oval muaj qhov siab tsis tshaj 3.5 m. Qhov loj ntawm spherical tsaus cherry txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 0.5 g. Cov saj ntawm berries yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug me ntsis qab zib thiab qab ntxiag iab. Ntau tshaj 9 kg ntawm drupes tuaj yeem sau los ntawm ib tsob ntoo thaum lub caij fruitful. Qab zib thiab qaub berries hnyav 0.74 g, uas tuaj yeem noj tshiab, loj hlob ntawm viburnum ntawm "liab pawg" ntau yam. Qhov nruab nrab yield ntawm Bush yog 4 kg.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm " xob laim" ntau yam muaj iab thiab qaub saj. Ripe lub teeb liab drupes yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov duab ellipsoidal-taw tes. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm ib tsob ntoo tsis ntau tshaj 5 kg. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 0.7 g, ntau yam "liab coral" txawv ntawm lwm cov viburnum xaiv hauv nws cov txiaj ntsig siab. Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ib tsob ntoo feem ntau tshaj 10 kg.

Maroon oval txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov tawv nqaij tawv heev loj hlob ntawm viburnum ntawm "garnet bracelet" ntau yam. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo feem ntau tshaj 1 g. me ntsis iab, qab ntxiag txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem noj tshiab. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm "garnet bracelet" yog suav tias yog qhov ua haujlwm siab rau aphids. Kwv yees li 15 kg ntawm berries tuaj yeem sau los ntawm ib lub hav txwv yeem.