Txij thaum ub, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib cav ua tub rog, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau tshaj plaws rau cov yeeb ncuab, qhia txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab khoom siv. Yav dhau los, thaum tsis muaj phom phom, thiaj li yuav txo tau lawv cov kev poob, ntau yam qauv thiab cov cuab yeej siv, piv txwv li, camouflaged ditches nrog ntse stakes tsau rau hauv lawv los yog nyom uas muaj cov resin, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev tsim cov hmoov phom, qhov xwm txheej tau yooj yim, raws li rab phom, phom loj thiab mortars tshwm. Cov mos txwv rau tom kawg yog mines, uas muaj ntau hom.
hom tsiaj
Mina yog cov khoom tawg uas muab tso rau hauv rooj plaub hlau, ua ke nrog lub fuse thiab lub tshuab tsav, uas ua kom ntseeg tau qhov tawg ntawm cov mos txwv. Txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lwm yam tsheb armored, anti-tank mines (TM thiab TMK series) yog siv. Cov mines tiv thaiv cov neeg raug tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab hauv av rog (MON-50, 90, 100, 200 series, PMN, POMZ).
Anti-landing mines (PDM thiab YARM series) thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb projectiles kuj tau siv. Lawv muaj ntau yam zoo: los ntawm banal ntxiab thiab mus txawv tebchaws nyob rau hauv sib nqus, directional, under-ice thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb tsim nqi.
Type of minefields
MinefieldsNyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog rau kev teem caij ntawm mines, muaj:
- Tus neeg tiv thaiv (tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab hauv av).
- Anti-tank (tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab armored tsheb).
- Anti-amphibious (tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab tsaws).
- Sib tov (yuav tsum rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab lub zog thiab cov tsheb tub rog).
Raws li hom thiab txoj kev tswj hwm, minefields tau muab faib ua:
- unmanaged;
- managed;
- combat;
- false.
Txiav ib lub minefield yog txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev txawj ntse. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia meej meej ntawm kev ua yuav tsum tau ua. Mixed minefields tau pw nrog cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov mines tawm tsam.
Shells tau muab tso rau hauv kab, hloov cov neeg tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv lub tank, lossis hauv pab pawg ntawm ob lossis peb. Tsis tas li, feem ntau nkag mus rau thaj chaw tiv thaiv lub tank yog them los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm minefield nyob ntawm qhov deb txog li 20 meters los ntawm kev tiv thaiv tank.
Txhawm rau ncua kev ua ntej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov minefields tsis raug. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov plhaub hauv qhov no yog ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hlau lossis cov kaus poom. Cov cuab yeej ntawm cov teb no yog nqa tawm nrog kev loj hlob ntawm sod txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb nrog tsim cov mounds me me.
Key Features
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho ntawm minefields yog:
- ntom (yam ntxwv qhov zaus ntawm kev tso mines);
- depth (tej zaumsib txawv, nyob ntawm seb hom mines nteg);
- ntev ntawm kev teeb tsa (nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm kab pem hauv ntej thiab feem ntau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua).
Qhov ntom thiab qhov tob ntawm kuv qhov kev tso tawm kuj tseem nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm minefield, cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av (paj lossis rugged, qhuav lossis marshy), qhov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm txoj kab kev sib cuag.
Thaum kev khawb av, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov tawg ntawm lub plhaub tsis ua rau koj cov tub rog puas tsuaj nrog cov tawg lossis tawg yoj, thiab rau qhov no, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov tub rog yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 50-70 meters. Qhov ceev ntawm tus nqi rau kev tiv thaiv lub tank yuav tsum yog los ntawm 600 mus rau 1000 mines ib 1 km ntawm kab pem hauv ntej.
Minefield requirements
Muab tso rau hauv minefields yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- Nws yuav tsum nyuaj npaum li qhov ua tau rau cov yeeb ncuab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhuam hniav Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev camouflage siab thiab ntau yam ntawm cov qauv mining, tsim cov minefields cuav thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm booby ntxiab.
- Muaj kev ua haujlwm siab ua haujlwm, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntau tshaj plaws rau cov yeeb ncuab.
- Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv rau sab nraud (kev tawg los ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze, cov nqi demining), uas yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov mines blast-resistant, cov txheej txheem installation kom raug.
- Nws yuav tsum tuaj yeem tshawb pom sai thiab tshem tawm cov minefields los ntawm koj cov tub rogkev faib. Ua li no, thaum txhim kho cov mines, lawv ua tib zoo kho.
Kev tswj hwm tus kheej
Nrog rau txoj kev siv cov mining, tus nqi tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv av thiab nrog kev nkag mus rau hauv av kom qhov tob tsis tshaj 10 centimeters, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsis pom ntxiv.
txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov plhaub yog raws li hauv qab no: ib lub qhov yog khawb rau hauv av tsis loj tshaj tus nqi nws tus kheej, rau hauv uas nws muab tso rau. Tus kov ntawm lub fuse mechanism yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm txoj hauj lwm thauj mus rau txoj hauj lwm sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab ntawd, tau tshem tus pin thiab lub hau ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj, rub tawm nws cov xov mus rau qhov deb li ntawm 1 meter.
Mina ua tib zoo zais nws tus kheej. Qhov chaw ntawm mining yuav tsum tau sab laug, tuav lub hau ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj hauv koj txhais tes, rub cov xov mus rau nws qhov ntev, uas yog hais txog tsib meters. Tom qab 20 vib nas this tau dhau mus txij li cov xov tau rub, lub mine nkag mus rau lub xeev ceeb toom.
Kev txhim kho minefields los ntawm tes yog ua nruj me ntsis raws li cov cai. Lub sapper platoon uas mines lub obstacles muaj peb pawg, ob tug uas ncaj qha mus tso mines, thiab lub thib peb ua ib lub tais ntawm pre-npaj nqi mus rau qhov chaw pib.
Mine kab mining
Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub minefield raws li kuv txoj hlua yog ua los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm ib pawg sapper. Nws tau muab faib ua qhov hu ua suav, suav nrog ob tus neeg. Cov kauj ruam mining nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yog los ntawm 8 mus rau 11meters. Thaum npaj cov minefields hauv txoj kev no, siv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, muaj qhov ntev txog li 5-6 meters.
txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa cov nqi raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej, pawg thawj coj ua haujlwm nce mus rau qhov chaw ua ntej, thiab ib tus neeg los ntawm kev suav (feem ntau yog thawj tus lej), nqa ob tus nqi thiab ib lub mine txuas nrog nws txoj siv sia, txav tom qab nws. Qhov kev txav yog txwv los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm txoj hlua. Thawj tus lej kho txoj hlua rau hauv av thiab tso thawj tus nqi ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 centimeters ntawm ntug ntawm txoj hlua, zais nws thiab muab tso rau ceeb toom.
Tus thawj coj tau teeb tsa thaj chaw nyob deb li ntawm 11 metres mus rau sab, thiab thawj tus lej ntawm ob tus tom ntej pib nce mus rau qhov kos npe no. Cov kev txav tom ntej no yog ua los ntawm thawj tus lej ntawm cov khub ntawm ob. Tom qab teeb tsa thawj tus nqi thiab coj nws mus rau kev npaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, lub sapper rov qab mus rau lub cim ntawm txoj hlua, qhia los ntawm ib lub nplhaib, thiab tso tus nqi thib ob ntawm sab laug, tom qab ntawd, nqis rov qab 4 meters ntawm qaum, txav rov qab..
Thaum thawj tus naj npawb tsis khoom nws tus nqi, tus thib ob ntawm ob, muaj ob tus nqi nrog nws, txav mus txog peb lub nplhaib ntawm txoj hlua. Nyob ntawd, tawm hauv ib qho nqi, nws txav mus rau ob lub nplhaib, qhov chaw nws tso ib qho nqi ntawm sab xis ntawm txoj hlua ntawm qhov deb ntawm 3-4 meters, tab sis tsis tau tso rau ntawm kev ceeb toom. Tam sim ntawd tom qab rov qab los ntawm thawj sapper, tus thib ob tso nws tus nqi ntawm kev ceeb toom thiab txav mus rau qhov kev tso tseg,nruab nws rau sab xis ntawm txoj hlua ntawm qhov deb ntawm 8 meters, tso nws ceeb toom thiab rov qab.
Setting minefields with minelayers
Thaum mining anti-tank minefields nrog kev pab los ntawm minelayers, tsub nqi yuav muab tso rau hauv av thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug me me qhov. Kev suav cov minelayer PMZ-4 suav nrog tsib tus neeg, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov minefields tiv thaiv.
Tus neeg teb xov tooj suav, thawj tus lej, nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm minelayer thiab txiav txim siab cov kauj ruam mining, saib xyuas kev txav ntawm cov nqi ntawm txoj siv conveyor thiab tswj lub plough. Peb tus neeg tshem cov mines los ntawm lub thawv rau hauv qab ntawm lub tsheb thiab muab tso rau ntawm txoj siv conveyor. Tus neeg thib tsib yog tus tsav tsheb laij teb. Cov kauj ruam mining nyob rau hauv txoj kev no txawv ntawm 4 mus rau 5.5 meters.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm minefields yog ua los ntawm cov minelayers PMZ-4, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov no yuav tsum yog cov khoom siv nrog cov tais tshwj xeeb, thiab cov nqi tawg lossis tawg yog siv los ua cov mines.
cog minefields nrog lub nyoob hoom qav taub
Minefields tuaj yeem tso los ntawm MI-8T nyoob hoom qav taub rau saum npoo av lossis daus npog. Lub davhlau qhov siab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50 meters, qhov ceev yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10 mus rau 20 km / h, lub nyoob hoom qav taub yuav tsum tau nruab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv - VMP-2 cassette. Cov nqi hauv cov cuab yeej no thaum lub sijhawm tawm mus yuav tsum tau npaj thiab nruab nrog lub launcher.mechanism hauv lub fuse.
