Ntau thiab ntau zaus hauv cov zej zog niaj hnub cov lus nug raug tsa los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm ecology. Qhov no suav nrog cov pa phem thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam pov tseg thiab roj av, thiab kev ua qias tuaj hauv dej, nrog rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab pov tseg.
tib neeg pov tseg tau dhau los lawm
Tib neeg kev ua ub no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom lwj, khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom pov tseg. Qee qhov ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo, txwv tsis pub lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm lwj ntawm ntau cov khoom siv ntau tshaj 100 xyoo. Kev ua pa phem ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab qhov teeb meem tsis daws teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb - kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puag ncig rau kev muaj sia nyob.
Kev pov tseg pov tseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov nroog loj, tau dhau los ua teeb meem loj zuj zus ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Tsis muaj ib lub teb chaws tsim thiab tsim muaj peev xwm khav theeb ntawm kev tswj cov khib nyiab tsim. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog 60% ntawm cov pov tseg tau txais lub neej thib ob los ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab, qhov twg muab 40% ntxiv? Incineration los yog faus tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog advisable, uasUa rau nyuaj rau qhov xwm txheej twb dhau los lawm.
Yuav muab pov tseg qhov twg?
Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev pov tseg pov tseg muaj kev txhawj xeeb kiag li txhua hom pov tseg: los ntawm tsev neeg mus rau tshuaj lom neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam ntawm lawv muaj qhov txaus ntshai cov khoom lwj, uas ua rau nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua. Cov khib nyiab, decomposing, tso dej cawv thiab aldehydes, uas tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv av, cov tsev nyob thiab hauv huab cua. Ib puag ncig uas muaj kuab paug dhau los tab tom raug lwm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom. Thiab qhov no tshwm sim tsis yog ib xyoos ib zaug, tab sis txhua hnub thiab ntau qhov chaw.
Qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm cov khib nyiab yog qhov txaus ntshai, vim tias txhua hnub cov khib nyiab uas tsis tau siv dua tsuas yog nce ntxiv, thiab tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia meej los tawm tsam qhov teeb meem no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ltalis, twb ob peb lub zos tsuas yog littered nrog unutilized pov tseg. Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab ua rau nws tus kheej hnov zoo tshaj plaws hauv nroog xws li Naples thiab Palermo. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau lawv tus kheej, cov neeg nyob hauv tsev hlawv cov khib nyiab ntawm lub hauv paus squares ntawm lub nroog. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai hais tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm cov nroog no. Fetid fumes swirl nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab ua paug rau cov huab cua phem heev.
Cov pov tseg tsis txaus ntshai thiab tsis muaj kev phom sij yuav tsum tsis txhob sib xyaw
Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg pib nrog cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom. Hauv kev tsim khoom, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kos ib daim ntawv hla tebchaws pov tseg, uas cov lus qhia pov tseg yuav tsum tau hais kom meej. Cov khib nyiab pov tseg yuav tsum tsis txhob muab sib xyaw nrog cov pov tseg uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Hom kev sib xyaw nohem nrog unpredictable thiab noj qab haus huv hem. Piv txwv li, lub teeb txuag hluav taws xob, uas muaj ntau tus hlub, yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg raws li cov pov tseg pov tseg, uas yog, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb rau qhov no. Hom teeb no muaj mercury, txawm tias ib qho me me tso rau hauv qhov chaw ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tib neeg thiab kab mob.
Ntxiv mus, qhov teeb meem khib nyiab yog txav mus rau pej xeem thiab xeev. Pom zoo, tsis yog txhua tus neeg siv lub roj teeb lossis tib lub teeb yuav txhawj xeeb txog qhov twg nws yuav pov cov pov tseg no. Cov khib nyiab yog tov rau hauv ntim, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv cov tshuab tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov koom haum uas tshem tawm cov khib nyiab tam sim ntawd cuam tshuam, qhov teeb meem pom tau tshwm sim: lub nroog suffocates hauv nws cov khib nyiab. Nco ntsoov daim duab uas tshwm sim rau hnub so Xyoo Tshiab. Cov chaw pov tseg yog dej ntws, thiab yog tias nws tsis yog rau huab cua tshiab, khov, nws yuav yooj yim rau kev ua pa los ntawm qhov tsw ntawm cov khoom noj rotting.
pib daws qhov teeb meem
Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab khib nyiab feem ntau tsis daws teeb meem vim kev sau tsis zoo, tsis muaj qhov chaw zoo lossis cov nroj tsuag pov tseg, thiab cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm qias neeg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tib lub sij hawm siv cov txheej txheem yog rov faib cov khib nyiab rau kev rov ua dua lossis siv ua chiv. Txoj kev no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov teb chaws uas muaj kev lag luam tsim. Qee cov khib nyiab, raws li txoj cai no, raug hlawv hauv qhov cub kom muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua cov khoom pov tseg rau hauvxws li cov khoom tshiab thaum kawg txo cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm tsoomfwv thiab tib lub sijhawm daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab. Piv txwv li, kev tsim cov ntawv los ntawm cov ntawv siv dua tshiab yuav tsum muaj zog thiab dej ntau dua. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev daws teeb meem no, nws tuaj yeem daws tsis tau tsuas yog cov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab, tab sis kuj tshem tawm cov cua ntawm cov tsev cog khoom ntau dhau.
Kev ua qias tuaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb qhov chaw dej
Qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm cov khib nyiab cuam tshuam tsis yog av xwb, tab sis txawm tias dej hiav txwv. Cov khib nyiab yas ntim cov dej ntau thiab ntau dua. Thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg no loj dua thaj tsam ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Cov khib nyiab loj tshaj plaws yog pom tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv California. Qhov no yog lub ntiaj teb pawg loj tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg pov tseg hnyav txog 100 lab tons. Cov khib nyiab ntab ntawm qhov tob txog li 10 m nyob rau hauv ntau hom: los ntawm toothpicks thiab fwj mus rau shipwrecks. Tag nrho cov khib nyiab coj los ntawm tam sim no ua ib hom dej pov tseg. Thawj thawj zaug, ib qho teeb meem ecological hauv cheeb tsam dej tau tshawb pom hauv xyoo 1997. Qhov chaw - North Pacific Kauv. Qhov kev sib txuam no txuas nrog kev ncig ntawm cov dej, nqa ntau yam khib nyiab. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, xws li cov pov tseg pov tseg ua rau tuag ntawm 100,000 tus noog hauv ib xyoos. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum cov yas reacts, nws tso tawm cov teeb meem tshuaj, uas tom qab ntawd mus rau tus neeg nrog cov ntses ntes tau. Qhov muaj nyob ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg ib zaug ua rau peb nco qab tias qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab tau ntev dhau mus dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov xeev thiab tau txais lub ntiaj teb tus cwj pwm.
Russia's "khoom khib nyiab" teeb meem
Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev pov tseg tam sim no tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam rau Russia thiab yav dhau los Soviet koom pheej. Txoj hauv kev rau kev khaws cov khib nyiab yog qhov txawv ntawm European txoj kev. Txawv teb chaws, nws yog kev cai rau disassemble cov khib nyiab raws li hom khib nyiab. Koj yuav raug nplua yog tias koj pov cov hlau lossis yas rau hauv lub khob ntim. Qhov no ua rau rov ua dua yooj yim dua. Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev rov ua dua tshiab xaus nrog kev tshem tawm ntau yam pov tseg mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg. Ntau pua hectares ntawm cov av paug tau dhau los ua neeg nyob tsis muaj neeg nyob thiab nthuav tawm cov ntxhiab tsw phem.
Peb nyob deb heev los daws qhov teeb meem
Nws tsis paub meej tias yog vim li cas kev ntsuas tsis raug coj mus rau kev pov tseg ntau dua. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj ib hnub, los yog sai sai, yuav tsis muaj chaw txaus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no rau tag nrho cov heaps ntawm unprocessed khib nyiab. Hloov chaw, muaj ntau thiab ntau cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj uas tsis decompose lawv tus kheej, tab sis thaum decomposed tom qab ntau pua xyoo, lawv rhuav tshem ib puag ncig. Vim li cas ho tsis tso tseg kev tsim cov polymers hauv daim ntawv ntawm banal polyethylene? Yav dhau los, lawv tau tswj hwm nrog cov ntawv zoo tib yam, uas decomposed zoo kawg nkaus nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso thiab tsis ua phem rau xwm.
Koj puas tau muab cov thoob khib nyiab pov tseg?
Xav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab, nws tsim nyog hais tias me ntsis nyob ntawm tus neeg nruab nrab. Rau kev huv huv ntawm lub nroog lossis tag nrho lub tebchaws, kev tshem tawm kom zoo, txheeb xyuas thiab ua cov khib nyiab yog tsim nyog. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, yuav tsum muaj kev tsim khoom,muab rau yuav luag ua tiav ntawm cov khoom tsis tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob muab pov tseg rau ntawm txoj kev uas twb muaj paug lawm. Muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw zoo los pab txhawb koj qhov me me thiab muaj peev xwm sib koom ua kom huv ntawm ib puag ncig.
Daim duab-cim "Qhov teeb meem ntawm khib nyiab"
Kev rov ua dua tshiab tau pib thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Askiv 200 xyoo dhau los. Tshaj li rau caum xyoo dhau los, lub ntiaj teb cov zej zog tau pib nkag siab txog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm kev kub ntxhov rau lub ntiaj teb tag nrho. Txhawm rau kom nyiam cov pej xeem rau cov ncauj lus no, hauv cov chaw pej xeem, ntawm pob khoom, ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj lub cim "khoom khib nyiab". Nws sawv cev rau 3 lub voj voog ob txhais tes kaw hauv daim duab peb sab clockwise. Feem ntau ntsuab, qee zaum dub.
Lub cim "khoom khib nyiab" tau qhia los ntawm ecologists nyob rau hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th los xaiv cov thawv thiab ntim khoom uas muaj lub sij hawm decomposition ntev nyob rau hauv cov xwm, raws li zoo raws li qhia qhov xav tau kev lag luam pov tseg. Daim paib no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970 los ntawm tus tub ntxhais kawm Gary Anderson.
Ib 'cov teeb meem khib nyiab' daim duab ntawm ib yam khoom tuaj yeem txhais tau tias nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg. Tom qab ntawd peb tus xub kaw hauv ib daim duab peb sab muab tso rau hauv lub voj voog. Feem ntau xws li kos npe tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim ntawv lossis cov khoom siv duab los qhia. Qee qhov kev txhais cov cim tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau ntau pawg kev lag luam thiab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom.
