Hnub no, kev lag luam riam phom yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom phom phom. Ntawm qhov loj assortment, lub Soviet Kalashnikov phom phom, American M16 phom thiab phom Mosin, tsim rov qab rau xyoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog. Txhua chav nyob no tau siv ntau yam kev tsov kev rog thiab ua pov thawj tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tag nrho peb cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv cov yam ntxwv. Kev sib piv ntawm AK-47, M16 thiab Mosin phom muaj nyob rau hauv kab lus no.
Yees kev ua haujlwm
Txhawm rau muab piv rau AK-47, M16 thiab Mosin phom, koj yuav tsum xub ua tib zoo saib rau lub xyoo uas cov phom no tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Cov riam phom "thaum ub" tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog tsim los ntawm Lavxias tus tsim qauv thiab Major General S. I. Mosin.
Nws cov khoom tau siv txij li xyoo 1892. Ib me ntsis tom qab, uas yog nyob rau hauv 1947, Kalashnikov tau tsim ib rab phom tua phom, uas tau teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev txawj ntse. AK-47.
Kev tsim cov phom me me kuj tau ua hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Hauv xyoo 1962, Rifle 5.65 mm tsis siv neeg phom, hu ua M16, tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog US Army. Kev tsim khoom ntawm Mosin phom ntev mus txog xyoo 1965. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 37 lab phom phom tau tsim. Cov kev hloov kho tom ntej ntawm AK-47 tau tsim hnub no. Ntau tshaj 100 lab ntawm lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho. AK-47 phom phom raug nqi npaum li cas? Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw dub rau 350 US las. M16 rab phom tseem nyob rau niaj hnub no.
Tus nqi ntawm chav tua phom no tsawg dua thiab thaj tsam ntawm 100 txog 125 US las. Txhawm rau sib piv cov phom AK-47, M16 thiab Mosin, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv xws li caliber, mos txwv siv, qhov hnyav, qhov loj me, ntau yam zoo, thiab lwm yam.
About calibers thiab mos txwv
Los ntawm 1947 Kalashnikov rab phom tua phom, lub hom phiaj raug ntaus los ntawm 7.62 hli cartridge. Lub caliber ntawm Mosin phom kuj yog 7.62 hli. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tshuab phom tua hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm 7.62x39 mm, uas muaj cov npoo uas tsis yog-protruding. AK-47 cartridge tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1943, thiab xyoo tom ntej tau pib tsim ntau lawm. Rau Mosin cov khoom, cov mos txwv phom 7, 62x54 mm yog muab. R. Nws txawv ntawm AK-47 cartridge nyob rau hauv uas nws cov ntaub ntawv cartridge muaj ib tug protruding ntug. Projectile txoj kab uas hla 7.92 mm. Qhov taw qhia ntawm nws lub zog muzzle yog 3500 J. Qhov ntev ntawm cov mos txwv yog 77, 16 hli. Lub cartridge nyob rau hauv Kalashnikov phom phom yog luv dua -tsuas yog 55.5mm. Calibre M16 5, 56 mm. Cov phom no tua hluav taws 5.56x45 mm low-impulse NATO-style intermediate cartridge. Hauv thawj version ntawm M16, cov mos txwv raug rho tawm haujlwm ya mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 990 m / s. Hauv M16A2, daim duab no tau txo mus rau 930 m, thiab hauv M16A4 - rau 848 m. Hauv AK-47, qhov projectile muaj qhov pib tshaj tawm ntawm 715 m / s. Nyob rau hauv ib rab phom Mosin, ib lub mos txwv taug kev ntawm 865 mus rau 870 m hauv ib pliag.
Nyhav
Mosin phom hnyav hnyav 4.5 kg. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntsuas no, M16 tsis siv neeg rab phom sib txawv ntau, vim tias tsis muaj cov mos txwv clip thiab siv, nws qhov hnyav tsis ntau tshaj 2.88 kg.
Cov ntawv xov xwm nws tus kheej hnyav 11 g tsis muaj cartridges, nruab - 45 g. AK-47 nrog cov ntawv xov xwm khoob hnyav 4.3 kg, nrog tag nrho - 4.8 kg.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom Mosin txawv ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov qauv hauv cov phom phom no yog hom phom phom. M16 tseem hu ua phom, tab sis cov qauv no ua haujlwm raws li rab phom tua phom. AK-47 ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tshem cov hmoov av. Tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog siv nyob rau hauv American M16, uas yog tseem nruab nrog ib tug npauj npaim valve. Xauv thiab xauv lub chim channel yog ua los ntawm tig lub shutter sab laug thiab sab xis. Cov khoom no yog nruab nrog tshwj xeeb lugs, uas nws koom nrog cov coj lugs nyob rau hauv lub receiver. Mosin phom muaj ib tug zawv zawg ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Txhawm rau qhib lossis kaw lub thoob channel, tus xub yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev txhais lus txav raws lub thoob axis nrog lub shutter.
USM Kalashnikov phom phom
ThaumThaum muab piv rau AK-47, M16 thiab Mosin phom, ib tug yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tus tsim ntawm lawv txhais mechanisms. Lub Kalashnikov rab phom phom yog nruab nrog ib tug txhais tes. Chav tsev no muaj qhov ua kom tig ntawm lub axis thiab U-shaped mainspring, rau kev tsim khoom uas siv cov xov hlau triple twisted. Lub trigger mechanism tso cai rau kev nruam thiab ib leeg firing. Los ntawm txoj kev tsuas yog ib feem nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos no, lub firing hom yog switched. Nws yog siv los ua tus txhais lus thiab lub zog ruaj ntseg, raws li nws thaiv lub bolt carrier, ib feem thaiv qhov zawj ntawm lub hau thiab lub receiver. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nrog lub cim thiab sear xauv, lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj cab kuj tsis tuaj yeem txav rov qab.
Txhawm rau kuaj lub chamber, tus tub rog tuaj yeem txav cov khoom txav rov qab. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov kev txav no yuav tsis txaus los xa cov mos txwv tshiab rau hauv chav tsev. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov taw qhia thiab automation, tus tsim qauv compactly mounted nyob rau hauv lub receiver, uas yog li no kuj siv raws li ib tug vaj tse rau lub trigger. Rau cov node, peb axes yog muab, nyob rau hauv uas lub trigger, self-timer thiab trigger nyob rau hauv. Nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem versions ntawm lub Kalashnikov phom phom, tsuas muaj ob axes - tsis muaj self-timer, vim hais tias cov riam phom no tsis muab tawg ntho.
Mosin rab phom ntaus ntawv
Tus txhais muaj lub cim thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas yog siv los ua sear, tus pin thiab ntsia hlau. Rifle nrog ib tug nruj nruj thiab ntev txhais tsis muaj "ceeb toom". Qhov tseeb yog tias nws tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ob theem,uas yuav txawv ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev sib txawv zog. Cov mos txwv raug xa mus rau hauv lub chamber los ntawm kev siv lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, nrog kev pab los ntawm lub thoob channel kaw thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv siv los yog misfired cartridge raug rho tawm. Structurely, pawg ntsia liaj qhov rooj muaj xws li ib tug qia nrog ib tug zuag thiab kov, ib tug sib ntaus sib tua larva, ib tug trigger, ib tug drummer, ib tug mainspring thiab ib tug txuas bar.
Nyob rau hauv lub sniper version ntawm Mosin phom, kom yooj yim dua reloading thiab lub peev xwm rau nruab optics ntawm riam phom, lub bolt kov tau lengthened thiab khoov me ntsis.
Lub shutter yog nruab nrog lub nruas thiab twisted cylindrical mainspring. Yuav kom txo tau nws, koj yuav tsum qhib lub shutter los ntawm tig tus kov. Thaum lub sij hawm xauv, tus ntaus nruas so tawm tsam lub sear. Yog tias lub shutter kaw, thiab koj xav kom ntaus tus ntaus nruas manually, ces koj yuav tsum rub tus txhais rov qab. Nws ces tig counterclockwise. Hauv qhov no, rab phom yuav nyob ntawm lub fuse.
Trigger mechanism hauv M16
Lub phom phom no muaj lub thoob cua txias. Automation siv lub zog uas hmoov gases tsim. Lawv raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thoob channel los ntawm ib lub raj nyias. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj gases tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub piston, tab sis nrog lub bolt carrier, txav nws rov qab. Qhov ntawd, nyob rau hauv lem, cuam tshuam lub shutter. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tau tig, nws tawm ntawm qhov kev sib koom ua ke. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txav ntawm lub bolt thiab ntsia liaj qhov rooj thav duab, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rov qab yog compressed thiab siv cov cartridge tau muab rho tawm. Straightening, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thawb lub bolt thiab ncej rov qab. Nyob rau theem no, muajrho tawm cov mos txwv tshiab los ntawm qhov clip thiab xa mus rau hauv lub chamber. Tom qab ntawd, lub voj voog yog suav tias ua tiav. Tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj, nws pib dua.
Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau cov tub rog tub rog rov qab, tus tsim tawm tau nruab cov phom nrog swb nres nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm nram qab. Yog li ntawd, thaum tag nrho cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv lub clip raug siv, tus tub rog yuav tsis tau rub tus kov, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub rear kawg ntawm rab phom. Tam sim no lub khw tshiab tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv thiab nias lub pob ntawm sab laug uas ua kom lub kaw lus qeeb.
Dimensions
Qhov ntev ntawm rab phom M16, nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho, nws txawv ntawm 99 mus rau 100 cm. Cov phom phom no muaj 55.3-cm chim (yog tias lub muzzle compensator raug teeb tsa). Yog tsis muaj cov khoom no, qhov ntev yog 50.8 cm, tag nrho ntev ntawm Kalashnikov phom phom yog 87 cm. Yog hais tias nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug bayonet, daim duab no yuav nce mus rau 107 cm. Ib tug riam phom nrog ib tug 415 hli chim, ntawm 36.9 cm. yog rifling. Lub infantry version ntawm Mosin phom tsis muaj bayonet muaj qhov ntev ntawm 103.6 cm, nrog ib tug mounted bayonet - 173.8 cm. Tus qauv Dragoon muaj 123.2 thiab 150 cm, ntsig txog.
Rate of Fire
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, thawj qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Asmeskas M16, uas yog lub phom loj A1, muaj qhov hluav taws kub tsawg. Tsis pub dhau ib feeb, ib tug infantryman tuaj yeem tua los ntawm 650 txog 750 lub plhaub. Hauv M16A2, qhov ntsuas no tau nce mus rau 900. Los ntawm M16A4, mus txog 950 txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem raug rho tawm ib feeb. Los ntawm Kalashnikov phom phom mus rau ib tug fighterhom txhaj tshuaj ib zaug ua rau 40 txhaj tshuaj. Queue tuaj yeem tsim txog 100.
Tus nqi hluav taws xob yog 600 rounds ib feeb. Qhov hluav taws kub tsawg heev yog muaj nyob rau hauv Mosin phom. Qhov riam phom no tua tau 10 qhov projectiles ib feeb xwb.
Sighting range
Lub phom M16A1 ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus yeeb ncuab infantryman ntawm qhov deb txog li 450 m. Kev tua tau zoo ntawm thaj chaw lub hom phiaj yog ua tau los ntawm qhov deb tsis tshaj 600 m. Hauv kev hloov kho tom ntej, qhov ntsuas no tau nce ntxiv mus txog 600 thiab 800 m, feem. Rau Mosin phom, qhov ua tau zoo yog 2,000 m.
Los ntawm Kalashnikov phom phom, lub hom phiaj raug ntaus los ntawm 800 m. Cov mos txwv raug rho tawm khaws cia nws cov khoom ua rau tuag taus ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1500 m.
About mos txwv khoom
Cov phom Mosin tuaj nrog cov ntawv xov xwm tseem ceeb rau tsib lub mos txwv. Cov riam phom yog nruab nrog clips. AK-47 muaj ib lub thawv-hom ntawv xov xwm uas tuav txog 30 rounds. Hauv M16, cov mos txwv muaj ntau ntawm 20 thiab 30 daim tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub thawv ntawv xov xwm.
About sights
Mosin phom siv qhov qhib qhov muag lossis pom qhov muag pom. Lub 1974 Kalashnikov phom phom yog nruab nrog lub sector-hom pom. Lub diopter yog muab rau American M16 tsis siv neeg phom.
