Cruise missiles ntawm Russia thiab Asmeskas

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tub rog qhov chaw thev naus laus zis hauv tsib caug xyoo tau tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm kev tsim cov intercontinental txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tswv yim zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, noob neej twb tau txais kev paub dhau los hauv kev txhim kho cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb uas ua ke cov khoom ntawm cov dav hlau thiab cov cuaj luaj. Lawv tau tsav los ntawm lub dav hlau ua kua los yog lub cav uas muaj zog, tab sis tib lub sij hawm lawv siv lub lifting quab yuam ntawm lub dav hlau, uas yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov tsim. Lawv yog cruise missiles. Rau Russia (thaum lub USSR), lawv tsis tseem ceeb li intercontinental sawv daws yuav, tab sis ua hauj lwm rau lawv twb pib. Ntau xyoo tom qab, nws ua tiav. Ob peb cov qauv ntawm hom riam phom no twb nyob rau hauv lub arsenal los yog yuav sai sai no coj lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib qeb ntawm cov txhais tau tias mus deter ib tug muaj peev xwm aggressor. Lawv ua rau muaj kev ntshai thiab ua rau tsis muaj kev xav tawm tsam peb lub tebchaws.

"Tomahawks" nrog lub foob pob neutron - npau suav phem ntawm lub yim caum

Thaum kawg ntawm lub yim caum, Soviet propaganda tau mloog zoo rau ob hom tshiab ntawm Asmeskas riam phom. Neutron foob pobLub Pentagon hem "tag nrho cov neeg vam meej", nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom tuag taus nws tuaj yeem sib tw nrog Tomahawks nkaus xwb. Cov shark-zoo li projectiles nrog nyias luv luv dav hlau tau tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm Soviet thaj chaw uas tsis tau pom, zais los ntawm kev tshawb pom cov kab ke hauv ravines, dej txaj thiab lwm yam kev nyuaj siab hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog qhov tsis txaus siab rau kev xav tias nws tus kheej tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab cov pej xeem ntawm USSR tau npau taws tias cov insidious imperialists tau rov rub lub teb chaws ntawm kev tsim kev sib raug zoo rau hauv kev sib tw tshiab ntawm caj npab, thiab cov foob pob hluav taws no tau raug liam. Russia xav tau ib yam dab tsi los teb rau qhov kev hem thawj. Thiab tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg paub zoo paub tias qhov tseeb ib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws twb tau tsim nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, thiab tej yam tsis mus tsis zoo.

American ax

Tus qauv ntawm txhua lub caij nkoj niaj hnub tuaj yeem hu ua German V-1 projectile (V-1). Outwardly, nws zoo li American Tomahawk, tsim plaub xyoo caum tom qab: tib lub dav hlau ncaj thiab nqaim fuselage, ib tug silhouette uas yog yooj yim mus rau lub primitiveness. Tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv, thiab ib qho loj heev. Cov mos txwv, uas tau txais lub npe Askiv Cruise Missile, tsis yog ib lub foob pob hluav taws uas muaj lub tis, nws yog ib yam dab tsi ntxiv. Tom qab lub simplicity sab nraud yog ib tug complex technical tswvyim, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog ib tug ultra-ceev computer uas instantly txiav txim siab txog kev hloov cov chav kawm thiab qhov siab kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo nrog obstacles. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ya ntawm qhov siab tsis tshua muaj siab ntawm qhov nrawmtxaus kom tau raws li lwm yam kev xav tsis thoob - qhov ceev ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm tus nqi mus rau lub hom phiaj. Thiab nws tseem ceeb heev uas "qhov muag" ntawm "shark" no ua haujlwm zoo. Lub radar, ntsia rau hauv lub hneev ntawm qhov projectile, pom tag nrho cov teeb meem thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv mus rau lub hlwb hluav taws xob, uas soj ntsuam cov struts thiab muab cov cim qhia rau lub rudders (slats, flaps, ailerons, thiab lwm yam). Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg Amelikas tsis tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv tag nrho-fledged supersonic cruise missile: Tomahawk mus txog qhov txwv hom nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm posing ib tug tiag tiag kev hem thawj niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv relation mus. lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv huab cua zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev tiv thaiv missile.

Soviet X-90

Nws tsis paub meej tias dab tsi ua rau cov thawj coj hauv Soviet tau qhia txog kev txhim kho CD. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias kev txawj ntse tau tshaj tawm qhov pib ntawm Asmeskas kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm hais tias lub tswv yim uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb zais cia txaus siab rau ib tus neeg los ntawm Ministry of Defense. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, hauv xyoo 1976, kev ua haujlwm tau pib, thiab lub sijhawm kawg rau lawv ua tiav tau teem sijhawm luv - rau xyoo. Txij thaum pib, peb cov neeg tsim qauv tau coj txoj hauv kev sib txawv dua li lawv cov neeg Asmeskas. Subsonic ceev tsis tau hais rau lawv. Lub missile yuav tsum kov yeej tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv kab ntawm ib tug muaj peev xwm yeeb ncuab ntawm ultra-siab altitudes. Thiab supersonic. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo caum, thawj cov qauv tau nthuav tawm, uas pom tau zoo heev hauv kev sim teb (txog 3 M). Cov khoom zais cia tau txhim kho tsis tu ncua, thiab hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej nws tuaj yeem ya sai dua plaub lub suab nrov. Tsuas yog hauvXyoo 1997, lub ntiaj teb cov zej zog tuaj yeem pom qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm thev naus laus zis ntawm MAKS exhibition hauv lub pavilion ntawm Raduga kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim cov koom haum. Russia niaj hnub cruise missiles yog tus txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Soviet Kh-90. Txawm tias lub npe raug khaws cia, txawm hais tias riam phom tau hloov pauv ntau yam. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tau hloov pauv.

Lub foob pob hluav taws no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm Tu-160, lub foob pob loj loj uas muaj peev xwm nqa tau 12-meter mos txwv nrog cov dav hlau folding hauv nws lub foob pob. Tus cab kuj tseem zoo li qub.

Koala

Cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab Kh-90 Koala cruise missile tau dhau los ua sib dua thiab luv dua nws cov progenitor: nws qhov ntev yog tsawg dua 9 meters. Me ntsis paub txog nws, feem ntau nws muaj sia nyob (tsis muaj kev qhia tawm) ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb thiab khaus ntawm peb cov neeg koom tes Asmeskas. Yog vim li cas rau qhov kev ntshai yog qhov nce lub vojvoog ntawm qhov projectile (3500 km), uas tau ua txhaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm INF Treaty (nruab nrab thiab luv luv missiles). Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov txaus ntshai rau Tebchaws Meskas, tab sis qhov tseeb tias cov phiaj xwm nkoj nkoj (raws li lawv hu ua, txawm hais tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem hla dej hiav txwv) muaj peev xwm "hacking" tag nrho cov ciam teb ntawm kev tiv thaiv missile, uas yog Tebchaws Meskas. maj mam tab sis tawv ncauj tsiv mus rau Russia ciam teb.

Cov qauv no twb tau txais nws "NATO" xaiv: Koala AS-X-21. Peb hu nws txawv, uas yog ib lub dav hlau sim hypersonic (GELA).

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog tias, tau tawm ntawm Tu-160 foob pob bays ntawm qhov siab ntawm 7 txog 20 mais, nwsstraightens lub deltoid tis thiab plumage, ces lub accelerator yog launched, accelerating lub projectile rau supersonic ceev, thiab tom qab ntawd lub ntsiab cav pib. Qhov ceev ntawm qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob mus txog 5 M, thiab ntawm nws GELA rushes mus rau lub hom phiaj, uas twb xam tau tias yog doomed. Nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov CR.

"Uranus", naval thiab aviation

Cov foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv nkoj kuj yog cov foob pob hluav taws feem ntau. Lawv txoj kev taug, raws li txoj cai, zoo ib yam li kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lawv cov neeg sib tw hauv av. Lub chaw tsim khoom tsim "Zvezda" tau koom nrog kev tsim cov riam phom no hauv USSR. Xyoo 1984, tus tsim qauv G. I. Khokhlov tau tso siab rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem los tawm tsam cov hom phiaj ntawm lub hiav txwv nrog kev xaav txog li tsib txhiab tons (uas yog, me me) nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thiab cov huab cua nyuaj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv zog ntawm pab neeg yog Kh-35 "Uranus", raws li nws cov yam ntxwv, nws kwv yees li sib haum mus rau cov tsis muaj American KR "Harpoon" thiab siv tau nyob rau hauv salvo hom. Qhov deb ntawm kev swb yog 120 km. Lub complex, nruab nrog kev tshawb nrhiav, kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev taw qhia, tau teeb tsa tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Navy, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov dav hlau nqa (Ka-27, Ka-28 helicopters, MiG-29, Su-24, Su-30., Su-35, Tu-142, Yak-141 thiab lwm yam), uas zoo heev nthuav lub peev xwm ntawm cov riam phom no. Lub community launch yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov siab qis qis (los ntawm 200 m), cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm hom no maj nrawm ntawm ntau dua 1000 km / h xyaum dhau nthwv dej (los ntawm 5 txog 10 m, thiab thaum kawg.ntu ntawm trajectory thiab tag nrho poob mus rau peb meters). Muab qhov me me ntawm qhov projectile (4 m 40 cm ntev), nws tuaj yeem xav tias nws qhov cuam tshuam yog teeb meem heev.

Nkauj X

Tom qab cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua, ob qho tib si Soviet thiab Asmeskas, tau mus txog qhov muaj peev xwm loj hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob, yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws tau tso tseg kev siv cov mos txwv poob dawb. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom muaj zog, txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj zog cov foob pob tawg tau ua rau cov thawj coj tub rog nrhiav kev siv rau lawv, thiab nws tau pom. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, B-52, thiab hauv USSR, Tu-95 tau pib siv los ua cov foob pob hluav taws. Nyob rau hauv lub nineties, lub Kh-101 tau los ua lub ntsiab mos mos txwv rau Lavxias teb sab nqa khoom ntawm tactical thiab lub tswv yim nqi xa mus rau lub hom phiaj los ntawm aircraft yam tsis hla txoj kab tiv thaiv huab cua. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog lawv, yuav luag tag nrho cov qauv zoo tib yam tau tsim uas tuaj yeem nqa cov nqi hluav taws xob. Ob qho KR tam sim no tau muab cais tawm, tsuas yog ib lub voj voog txwv ntawm tib neeg yuav tsum paub lawv cov tswv yim thiab cov yam ntxwv. Nws tsuas yog paub tias qee tus qauv tshiab tau raug coj los siv rau kev pabcuam, nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntau dua (ntau tshaj tsib txhiab mais) thiab qhov kev sib tsoo zoo heev (txog 10 meters). Lub taub hau Kh-101 muaj qhov tawg tawg ua kom tawg, thiab qhov ntsuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau nws. Tus neeg nqa khoom tshwj xeeb yuav tsis raug raws li qhov tseeb: hauv kev tawg nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kaum tawm kilotons, ob peb meters rau sab xis lossis sab laug tsis ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Rau X-102 (nuclear launcher), ntau yam tseem ceeb dua.

Winged strategy

Txhua yam khoom, suav nrog hom riam phom, tsuas yog suav tias yog kev sib piv. Muaj ntau yam kev tiv thaiv cov lus qhuab qhia, thiab thaum qee lub tebchaws tab tom siv zog ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb, lwm tus tsuas yog xav tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev ua phem ua phem. Yog tias peb sib piv cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm Russia thiab Tebchaws Meskas, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Asmeskas riam phom tsis pub dhau lub peev xwm ntawm lawv cov neeg sib tw. Ob tog yog betting rau nce lub vojvoog sib ntaus sib tua, uas maj mam tshem tawm cov CD los ntawm qeb ntawm tactical txhais tau tias, ua rau lawv ntau thiab ntau "tseem ceeb". Lub tswv yim ntawm kev muaj peev xwm daws tau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm thaj chaw los ntawm kev ua rau muaj kev npaj txhij txog thiab kev tawm tsam tag nrho tsis yog thawj zaug uas tuaj xyuas lub taub hau ntawm Pentagon generals - nws yog txaus kom nco qab txog cov phiaj xwm rau kev foob pob ntawm Soviet loj kev lag luam thiab kev tiv thaiv. cov chaw, tsim rov qab rau hauv lub lig forties thiab thaum ntxov fifties, tam sim ntawd tom qab lub tsos ntawm lub tebchaws United States muaj txaus nuclear warheads.

AGM-158B Extended Range, USA

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm hom riam phom tshiab hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog ib lub tebchaws. Cov neeg them se tau txaus siab paub tias nrog cov nyiaj uas lawv them rau cov peev nyiaj, lub xeev tau txais lwm qhov pov thawj ntawm Asmeskas kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov kev ntaus nqi ntawm pawg tswj hwm yog nce, cov neeg xaiv tsa muaj kev xyiv fab. Yog li ntawd nws yog nyob rau hauv 2014, thaum lub US Strategic rog tau txais ib tug tshiab air-based AGM-158B KR,tsim los ua ib feem ntawm Joint Air To Surface Standoff Missile Extended Range defense program, abbreviated as JASSM-ER, uas txhais tau hais tias cov cuab yeej no yog tsim los tawm tsam lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv. Cov riam phom tshiab tau tshaj tawm dav dav, txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj rau Kh-102. Davhlau ntau yam ntawm AGM-158B yog qhia vaguely, nyob rau hauv ib tug dav ntau yam - los ntawm 350 mus rau 980 km, uas txhais tau hais tias nws nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub warhead. Feem ntau, nws lub vojvoog tiag tiag nrog tus nqi hluav taws xob yog tib yam li X-102, uas yog, 3500 km. Cruise missiles ntawm Russia thiab Tebchaws Meskas muaj kwv yees li tib qhov ceev, huab hwm coj thiab geometric qhov ntev. Nws tseem tsis tsim nyog los tham txog Asmeskas cov thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj vim qhov raug zoo dua, txawm hais tias, raws li tau sau tseg, nws tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas hauv kev tawm tsam nuclear.

Lwm CRs hauv Russia thiab Asmeskas

X-101 thiab X-102 tsis yog tib lub foob pob hluav taws hauv Lavxias. Ntxiv rau lawv, lwm cov qauv nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, xws li 16 X thiab 10 XN (lawv tseem tab tom sim), los tiv thaiv nkoj KS-1, KSR-2, KSR-5, nrog rau kev tawg siab lossis tawg. fragmentation high-explosive warheads, kuj yog nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm sib ntaus sib tua. high-explosive los yog nuclear ua. Peb tseem tuaj yeem nco qab cov niaj hnub KR X-20, X-22 thiab X-55, uas tau los ua tus qauv ntawm X-101. Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj "Termites", "Mosquitoes", "Amethysts", "Malachite", "Bas alts", "Granites", "Onyxes", "Yakhonts" thiab lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm "pob zeb" series. Cov cuaj luaj caij nkoj ntawm Russia tau ua haujlwm nrog aviation thiab navy tau ntau xyoo, thiab cov pej xeempaub ntau ntau, txawm tsis yog tag nrho.

Cov neeg Asmeskas kuj muaj ntau hom KR ntawm ib tiam dhau los tshaj li AGM-158B. Cov no yog cov tactical "Matador" MGM-1, "Shark" SSM-A-3, "Greyhound" AGM-28, hais tias "Harpoon", "Fast hawk" ntawm universal basing. Tebchaws Meskas tsis kam lees qhov pov thawj Tomahawk, tab sis lawv tab tom ua haujlwm rau X-51, muaj peev xwm ya ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm.

Lwm lub teb chaws

Txawm tias nyob hauv thaj av deb, qhov twg cov kws tshuaj ntsuam tub rog tsuas tuaj yeem tham txog Lavxias lossis Asmeskas tub rog kev hem thawj ntawm qhov zoo heev-hypothetical nam, engineers thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tsim lawv tus kheej cov foob pob hluav taws. Qhov tsis muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev ua phem hauv Falkland Islands tuaj ua rau cov thawj coj ntawm Argentina faib nyiaj rau kev tsim ntawm Tabano AM-1. Pakistani "Hatf-VII Babur" tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev teeb tsa hauv av, nkoj thiab submarines, muaj qhov nrawm nrawm (kwv yees li 900 km / h) thiab ntau txog 700 km. Rau nws, ntxiv rau qhov niaj zaus, lub taub hau nuclear txawm muab. Hauv Suav teb, peb hom KR raug tsim tawm (YJ-62, YJ-82, YJ-83). Taiwan teb nrog Xiongfeng 2E. Kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua tiav, qee zaum muaj kev vam meej, hauv cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Sweden, Fabkis), nrog rau hauv tebchaws Askiv, lub hom phiaj tsis yog kom dhau lub nkoj nkoj ntawm Russia lossis Tebchaws Meskas, tab sis kom tau txais riam phom zoo. rau lawv cov tub rog. Kev tsim cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis thiab thev naus laus zis no kim dhau, thiab kev ua tiav qib siab hauv cheeb tsam no tsuas yog muaj rau cov neeg muaj hwj chim loj xwb.