Nechkinsky National Park: piav qhia, nta, nthuav tseeb, fauna thiab tsiaj qus

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Nechkinsky National Park yog qhov kev tiv thaiv xwm txheej, kev kawm ib puag ncig thiab kev tshawb fawb. Ntawm nws thaj chaw tsis yog tsuas yog ntuj, tab sis kuj muaj keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Middle Kama cheeb tsam. Lawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj, ecological thiab kev ua si, thiab nquag siv rau kev tswj xyuas tourism.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub tiaj ua si

Ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv thiab khaws cia tej yam ntuj tso complexes yog lub koom haum ntawm cov chaw ua si hauv teb chaws nrog ntau qhov profile ntawm kev ua ub no. Xyoo 1995, tsoomfwv Udmurt tau txiav txim siab los tsim Nechkinsky park.

Tam sim no, txhua yam kev ua ub no uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov khoom ntawm tsiaj thiab cog hauv ntiaj teb yog txwv tsis pub nyob hauv nws thaj chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev tsim kho, suav nrog cov kav dej thiab txoj kev loj, tsis tuaj yeem lees txais.

National ParkNechkinsky hauv Izhevsk muaj cov hom phiaj hauv qab no:

1. Kev khaws cia ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov khoom ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj.
2. Kev khaws cia ntawm keeb kwm monuments thiab kab lis kev cai.
3. Kev nthuav qhia ib puag ncig.
4. Tsim kom muaj kev pom zoo rau kev tswj xyuas kev ncig xyuas, nrog rau kev ua si rau cov pej xeem, paub txog keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai.
5. Qhia txog kev txuag kev txuag tshiab.
6. Restoration of puas historical, culture and natural sites.
7. Kev tiv thaiv, kev txuag thiab kev yug me nyuam ntawm flora thiab fauna.
8. Ua raws kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig.

kev txuag lub luag haujlwm

Tam sim no, Nechkinsky National Park (Russia) nyob rau hauv lub network loj ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm Udmurtia yog ib qho ntawm cov tsiaj qus muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov arrays tshwj xeeb ntawm hav zoov hav zoov, swamp, pas dej, dej ecosystems, qus fauna untouched los ntawm cov txiv neej, kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm khoom tau khaws cia ntawm no. Lub tiaj ua si cov neeg ua haujlwm ntsib txoj haujlwm nyuaj ntawm tsis tsuas yog khaws cia cov khoom muaj nqis uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis kuj nce ntxiv, txij li xya caum feem pua ntawm cov tsiaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm tag nrho Udmurt koom pheej tau tsom mus rau thaj chaw.

thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv

Lub National Park "Nechkinsky" yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub Votkinsk reservoir nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Kama. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thaj chaw ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Cov av sab laug yog sawv cev los ntawm dej nyab terraces thiab dej nyab. Prikamye tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ib lub hav uas muaj dej me me, gullies thiab ravines.

Kama nrog nws cov ceg dej Sivoy yog tus dej loj ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv.

Lub Nechkinsky National Park yog nyob rau thaj av uas muaj huab cua nyob sab av loj. Cov chaw no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntev thiab lub caij sov sov, lub caij nyoog luv heev. Lub Xya Hli yog lub hli sov tshaj plaws, lub sijhawm no qhov nruab nrab kub yog kaum cuaj degrees. Tab sis lub caij txias tshaj plaws yog Lub Ib Hlis, qhov nruab nrab kub yog -15 degrees.

Flora

Lub Nechkinsky National Park muaj temperate boreal hom flora, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau haiv neeg. 745 ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag vascular tau pom nyob ntawm no, ntawm 82 yog hom tsis tshua muaj, thiab plaub tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab. Tseem muaj cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb uas tau pom thawj zaug thaum tshawb fawb, loj hlob tsuas yog hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv: creeping umbilical, reed butterbur, field sloth.

Spruce forests dominate lub tiaj ua si. Pure spruce forests yog sawv cev los ntawm Finnish thiab Siberian spruce. Lawv pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no nyob rau hauv fragments. Raws li txoj cai, cov ntoo spruce yog sawv cev los ntawm Siberian fir, ntoo thuv, birch, linden. Spruce forests yog nyob rau hauv ravines thiab lwm yam low-lying reliefs, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv me ntsis dej nyab los yog tsis muaj dej nyab.seem ntawm Kama.

24 hom nroj tsuag zoo li fern, 6 gymnosperms, 678 angiosperms tau sau npe hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv.

Nechkinsky Park nyob ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm peb thaj chaw huab cua: hav zoov-steppe, taiga thiab hav zoov dav dav.

Woodlands of the park

Pine hav zoov muaj ntau haiv neeg hauv kev sib xyaw. Dawb moss ntoo thuv hav zoov muaj tsawg tsawg hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob. Lawv nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm thaj chaw. Hazel, maple thiab ntoo qhib muaj nyob rau hauv bracken Pine forests. Tab sis lingonberries (pine forests) tau xaiv lub toj. Reed ntoo thuv thiab lingonberry hav zoov feem ntau pom ntawm no.

Ntawm thaj av ntawm lub tiaj ua si muaj ntau qhov chaw uas fir prevails. Dub alders loj hlob ntawm cov av nplua nuj. Oak dominates nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab broad-leaved forests. Willow thickets dominate qhov dej nyab ntawm Kama.

Nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv koj tuaj yeem pom tau txhua hom swamps: lowland, transitional and upland. Sphagnum bogs muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv ntoo thuv hav zoov thiab lowlands.

Nyob hauv dej tej nroj tsuag tsis nplua nuj. Nws muaj ntau tshaj rau caum hom.

Fauna ntawm "Nechkinsky" park

Cov fauna ntawm Nechkinsky National Park yog ntau haiv neeg. 38 hom ntses nyob hauv zos reservoir, lwm 6 hom tau ploj tag nrho vim yog kev tswj hwm ntawm Volga thiab Kama ntws.

Y Sabrefish, roach, ruff, perch, bleak, Volgainvader, pike, sprat, bream, burbot, silver bream, ide, pike perch. Qee lub sij hawm, carp, taimen, catfish, char, white-eye tuaj nyob rau hauv lub catch. Muaj ntau cov cyprinids nyob rau hauv lub reservoir, tab sis bream dominates txhua qhov chaw.

Tam sim no, kev nuv ntses tau tso cai nrog daim ntawv tso cai, thiab, ntawm txoj cai, txhua tus pej xeem tuaj yeem yuav nws. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias kev nuv ntses amateur tau txais qhov ntsuas loj thiab yog piv rau kev lag luam nuv ntses. Qhov txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hom kev nyiam. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam ntes yog sabrefish, thaum amateurs nyiam zander, bream thiab pike.

Kev sib txawv ntawm tsiaj ntiaj teb

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, fauna ntawm Nechkinsky National Park yog sawv cev los ntawm 213 hom tsiaj vertebrate (terrestrial) tsiaj. Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias muaj peb hom ntau ntxiv, tab sis tam sim no tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb. Ntau xyoo dhau los, muskrat tau ploj lawm. Feem ntau, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj xav tau kev kho mob hnyav thiab qhia meej ntxiv.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Udmurt University, nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias 155 hom noog nyob hauv lub tiaj ua si. Cov cheeb tsam no poob rau hauv thaj chaw zes. Tsuas yog peb caug hom nyob ntawm no mus tas li, tus so yog migratory.

Lub tiaj ua si yog cov noog, feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw hav zoov thiab hav dej. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov noog steppe yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb.

Cov neeg sawv cev hauv qab no ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv hav zoov: elk, lynx, dais xim av, ntau hedgehog, shrew, hav zoov nas, beaver, ntau squirrel, mole, marten, wild boar, ermine, badger,hma, hma, weasel, otter.

Tseem muaj ntau tshaj 2,000 tus tsiaj nyob hauv lub tiaj ua si, thiab muaj ntau yam kab ntawm no, vim muaj dej nyab thiab cov av swampy.

Nature monuments ntawm Nechkinsky National Park

Yuav muaj yim lub monuments hauv lub tiaj ua si, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua si. Cov no suav nrog Galevo thiab Nechkinskoye tracts, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav Makarovsky, lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej Siva, Zabornoe Lake, Kemulskoye thiab Chisto-Kostovatovskoye peat bogs.

Nyob hav zoov raws tus dej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txuag dej. Txhua lub monuments ntuj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm, thiab tseem muaj peev xwm ua si zoo. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag yoog rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb no nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw. Ua ke lawv tsim cov zej zog tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tsim nyog uas tsis pom nyob qhov twg.

cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb

Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tiaj ua si tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb hauv ob qho tib si keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Lub xub ntiag ntawm peb caug qhov chaw archaeological xav tau lawv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev kawm thiab ntawv pov thawj.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

1. Kev kawm ceev faj txog cov tsiaj thiab cov tsiaj ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub tiaj ua si.
2. Lub hom phiaj kev ntsuas ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm "Phau Liab" thiab ntau yam tsis tshua muaj.
3. Kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw.

Cov haujlwm tshawb fawb ntawm Nechkinsky National Park yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ntawm lawv yog ib qho tshwj xeebntawm kev txaus siab yog lub sijhawm ntawm xwm, uas tau ua txij li xyoo 2005. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw saib xyuas kev tshawb fawb ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv niaj hnub tshaj tawm lawv cov haujlwm, suav nrog:

1. Bar fauna of the park.
2. Cojtails ntawm National Park.
3. Tuag-tau fauna.
4. Kev tshawb fawb tau ntawm cov kab kab longhorn.

Muaj ntau yam haujlwm, lawv npog cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm Nechkinsky park. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau koom tes nrog ntau lub koom haum ncig teb chaws thiab kev tshawb fawb, tsev cia puav pheej thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Kev koom tes hauv kev tshawb fawb pab ua cov haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis yog hauv cov voj voog nqaim ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, tab sis kuj yog cov pej xeem, yog li nyiam cov neeg, mob siab rau lawv rau cov teeb meem ntawm xwm.