Plato cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim: kev tshwm sim ntawm kev muaj tiag

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:59

Plato raug suav hais tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Raws li nws tus tij laug Diogenes Laertius, nws yog ib tug tub ntawm ib tug aristocrat thiab ib tug tub kawm ntawm Socrates, nws, raws li nws tus tij laug Diogenes Laertius, muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug synthesis ntawm lub theories ntawm Heraclitus, Pythagoras thiab Socrates - uas yog, tag nrho cov neeg txawj ntse uas txaus siab rau ancient Hellas.. Plato thawj cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim yog qhov pib thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, nws tau sau 34 kev sib tham, thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm lawv cov kev xav no yog piav los yog hais nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam. Nws permeates tag nrho lub tswv yim ntawm Plato. Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem ntawm kev tsim.

Thawj zaug yog lub sijhawm tom qab Socrates tuag. Tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb tau sim piav qhia cov kev xav ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv, thiab hauv cov kev sib tham xws li Symposium thiab Crito, lub tswv yim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm qhov zoo thiab kev zoo nkauj tshwm sim thawj zaug. Qhov thib ob yog lub neej ntawm Plato hauv Sicily. Nyob ntawd nws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Pythagorean thiab qhia meej meejnws "objective idealism". Thiab thaum kawg, theem peb yog qhov kawg. Tom qab ntawd Plato cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim tau txais tus cwj pwm ua tiav thiab cov qauv meej, dhau los ua qhov peb paub tam sim no.

Hauv kev sib tham uas twb tau hais lawm "Symposion", lossis "Feast", tus kws tshawb fawb, siv tus piv txwv ntawm Socrates cov lus hais, piav qhia meej tias lub tswv yim (lossis qhov tseem ceeb) ntawm kev zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo thiab muaj tseeb dua li nws. incarnations. Nws yog nyob rau ntawd nws thawj zaug qhia lub tswv yim hais tias lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tej yam thiab sensually perceived phenomena tsis muaj tiag. Tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom uas peb pom, hnov, saj, yeej tsis zoo ib yam. Lawv hloov tas li, tshwm sim thiab tuag. Tab sis lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib yam dab tsi ntawm lub siab dua, muaj tseeb ntiaj teb no. Lwm qhov loj me no suav nrog cov qauv tsim tawm. Plato cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim hu lawv eido.

Lawv yeej tsis hloov, yeej tsis tuag thiab tsis tau yug. Lawv nyob mus ib txhis, thiab yog li ntawd lawv lub neej muaj tseeb. Lawv tsis nyob ntawm ib yam dab tsi, tsis nyob ntawm qhov chaw lossis raws sijhawm, thiab tsis raug rau ib yam dab tsi. Cov qauv no yog tib lub sijhawm ua rau, qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom uas nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv sawv cev rau qee cov qauv, raws li cov khoom thiab cov xwm txheej pom tau rau peb tau tsim. Thiab txhua tus neeg uas muaj lub siab xav mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev muaj tiag, qhov twg tsis muaj kev phem lossis kev tuag.

Vim Plato cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim hu eidos tib lub hom phiaj.

Lub ntiaj teb no tseeb tawm tsam peb "qis" tsis yog daim ntawv luam xwbtus thawj los yog lub ntsiab ntawm qhov phenomenon. Nws kuj muaj kev faib kev ncaj ncees - zoo thiab phem. Tom qab tag nrho, tag nrho cov eidos kuj muaj ib qhov chaw, ib yam li peb cov khoom los ntawm cov tswv yim. Xws li tus qauv uas tau yug los rau lwm qhov laj thawj thiab lub hom phiaj yog Qhov Tsis Txaus. Nov yog lub tswv yim zoo. Tsuas yog nws yog lub hauv paus ua rau tsis zoo xwb, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj thiab sib haum xeeb. Nws tsis muaj ntsej muag thiab sawv saum txhua yam, suav nrog Vajtswv. Nws crowns tag nrho cov pyramid ntawm cov tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv lub Platonic system, tus Creator Vajtswv yog tus kheej, qis pib, txawm hais tias nws yog heev ze rau lub ntsiab eidos ntawm qhov zoo.

Lub tswv yim no nws tus kheej yog kev sib koom ua ke nyob mus ib txhis thiab dhau los ntawm kev sib raug zoo rau peb lub ntiaj teb. Nws generates (los ntawm Vajtswv tus creator) lub realm ntawm lub eidos, tiag tiag. Cov tswv yim tsim "lub ntiaj teb ntawm tus ntsuj plig". Nws tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm kev muaj tiag, txawm hais tias nws occupies nws qib qis. Txawm tias qis dua yog qhov kev xav hauv lub neej, lub ntiaj teb ntawm txhua yam. Thiab cov kauj ruam kawg yog nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem, uas nyob rau hauv essence yog tsis muaj nyob. Tag nrho hauv kev ncaj ncees, qhov system no yog lub pyramid ntawm lub neej. Nov yog cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Plato cov tswv yim, sau tseg hauv kab lus no.