Explosive charge: lub hom phiaj thiab xam

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56

Ib qho tawg yog ib txheej ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw lossis cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas zoo li kis tau sai thiab hloov pauv tshuaj, ua raws li kev tso tawm ntawm qee qhov hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tsim. Muaj ob pawg ntawm cov khoom no:

• Pyrotechnics.
• -pib, cuam, blasting.

Cov nqi tawg yog cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov khoom siv nuclear uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub nkoj (hlau lossis yas) nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom tawg.

Rau lub hom phiaj kev thaj yeeb, kev them nqi yog siv los rhuav tshem cov teeb meem, lub tsev puas tsuaj, thiab lwm yam. Thaum ua haujlwm ua tub rog, cov cuab yeej siv no yog siv los rhuav tshem cov txuas hniav, kev puas tsuaj pav, tawg ntawm qhov.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog nias TNT hauv checkers. Cov tom kawg ua haujlwm rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv ntawm cov nqi raws li qhov teev tseg.

Dab tsi los ntawm cov duab:

• extended;
• ncig;
• tsom;
• ncig.

Txhua daim ntawv muajnws lub hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, curly sawv daws yuav siv los undermine ntau yam qauv. Yog li ntawd, cov duab thiab tuab ntawm cov khoom raug xaiv ib tus zuj zus.

Qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev suav ntawm blasting

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev suav cov nqi tawg thaum npaj kev rhuav tshem kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm yog qhov kev xaiv raug ntawm lawv qhov ntau, qhov loj thiab qhov chaw raug.

Qhov ntim ntawm qhov nruab nrab cuam tshuam ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov siab tshaj. Yog li, tag nrho kev suav pib nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ntsuas no:

D_p =p - p_0.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, p yog lub siab nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub shock yoj; p_{0 - atmospheric siab.}

Qhov txawv ntawm cov kev ntsuas no nyob ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom tawg, ib puag ncig thiab tus nqi them.

Tus nqi overpressure yog xam nyob rau hauv ob peb theem: thawj zaug, qhov kwv yees kwv yees ntawm qhov tawg tau pom, tom qab ntawd, siv tus lej tshwm sim, qhov tseeb overpressure yog txiav txim siab.

Tom tau txais tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom (ua tiav, muaj zog, nruab nrab lossis tsis muaj zog).

Txoj kev Detonation thiab them cov khoom

Kev tsim cov khoom tawg tau tshwm sim hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab npaj ua tiav lawv mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim khoom tam sim ua ntej siv.

Muaj plaub txoj hauv kev tawg tus nqi:

• fire;
• tshuaj;
• mechanical;
• hluav taws xob.

Nyob hauv thawjrooj plaub, ib lub raj incendiary yog siv, uas yog siv txawm rau undermining nyob rau hauv dej. Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov cuab yeej clamping, ib txoj hlua tshwj xeeb, lub tshuab detonator yog siv. Siv los detonate ob leeg ib leeg thiab loj nqi.

Txoj kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev ua kom muaj hluav taws xob tawg yog siv tau rau kev tawg tag nrho cov nqi ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Nws qhov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj ntau lub ntsuas ntsuas, qhov chaw hluav taws xob thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Txoj kev cuam tshuam ntau yam

Rau txhua tus qauv thiab ntim ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom tawg tau raug xaiv ib tus zuj zus. Piv txwv li:

• Txhawm rau ua kom cov ntoo tsis zoo, cov cav ntoo, kab teeb, kev tiv tauj thiab tsis tiv tauj cov nqi ntawm ntau hom yog siv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus nqi tsis sib cuag yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog xwb.
• Steel thiab lwm cov qauv hlau tsuas tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib cuag sab nraud elongated sawv daws yuav, thiab cov nqi tawg kuj tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog lossis curly.
• Cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb muaj zog yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib cuag thiab tsis sib cuag nrog tus nqi sab nraud thiab sab hauv.

Kev kos npe ntawm cov nqi them nqi ntau

Txhua pob khoom tawg yog cim nrog cov xim tsis muaj dej. Rau feem ntau cov khoom lag luam, cov kev xaiv yog tus qauv thiab muaj xws li:

• Cov khoom lag luam (piv txwv li, SZ-1 sawv cev rau "tus nqi siab").
• Tom ntej no, 3 tus lej sib cais los ntawm tus dash yog qhia. Cov lej ntawdqhia cov cai cog, batch naj npawb thiab xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom (nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis).
• Hauv qab no yog tus lej ntawm qhov tawg (piv txwv li, T - TNT). Yog hais tias cov khoom yog kev kawm, ib tug ntev dawb stripe affixed es tsis txhob kos.

Kev nyab xeeb hauv kev siv cov khoom tawg thiab kev rhuav tshem

Tsuas yog cov neeg kawm tshwj xeeb uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim thiab siv cov khoom phom sij. Cov neeg uas tau ntsib nrog cov tshuaj no yuav tsum kawm txog kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia tau muab.

Cov lus txib tau muab hauv qab no:

• npaj txhij (tom qab qhov teeb meem no tau muab, cov khoom npaj rau qhov hluav taws kub);
• hluav taws kub (sub tube ignites);
• tawm mus (ntawm cov lus txib no, koj yuav tsum so tam sim ntawd mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb, txawm tias qhov hluav taws kub tsis tau tshwm sim);
• tshem tawm (qhov teeb liab no tau muab tom qab cov khoom tawg thiab nqi tau detonated los yog nruab nrab).

Qhov tseem ceeb! Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm rau kev tawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm ua ntej cov npoo ntawm lub sijhawm rau smoldering thiab hlawv cov khoom.