Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem? dub teeb meem theory

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55

Qhov twg los ua ntej: qe lossis qaib? Cov kws tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau tawm tsam nrog cov lus nug yooj yim no tau ntau xyoo lawm. Ib lo lus nug zoo sib xws tshwm sim txog dab tsi yog thaum pib, thaum lub sijhawm tsim lub Ntiaj Teb. Tab sis yog nws, qhov no creation, los yog lub ntiaj teb no cyclical los yog infinite? Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem dub hauv qhov chaw thiab nws txawv ntawm cov teeb meem dawb li cas? Muab pov tseg ntau yam kev ntseeg, cia peb sim ua kom cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no los ntawm kev xav txog kev tshawb fawb. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj xyuas qhov tsis xav tau. Tej zaum thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm, kev suav ntawm theoretical physicists pom zoo nrog rau kev suav ntawm kev sim physicists. Ntau qhov kev xav sib txawv tau nthuav tawm rau cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb ntau xyoo. Ntau dua los yog tsawg dua qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv empirical txoj kev, qee zaum quasi-scientifically, txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv theoretical suav txawm li cas los xij tau lees paub los ntawm kev sim, qee qhov txawm tias ncua sijhawm ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo (piv txwv li Higgs boson).

Dark matter - dub zog

Muaj ntau qhov kev xav, piv txwv li: Txoj Cai Txoj Cai, Big Bang Theory, Cyclic Universe Theory, Parallel Universe Theory, Hloov Kho Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), F. Hoyle thiab lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no, txoj kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub nthuav dav thiab hloov zuj zus yog suav tias yog feem ntau lees txais, cov ntsiab lus uas haum zoo hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm Big Bang lub tswv yim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, quasi-empirically (piv txwv li, empirically, tab sis nrog loj tolerances thiab raws li niaj hnub txoj kev xav ntawm cov qauv ntawm microcosm), cov ntaub ntawv tau txais tias tag nrho cov microparticles paub rau peb tsuas yog 4.02% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim. tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua "baryon cocktail", lossis baryonic teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm peb Lub Ntiaj Teb (ntau dua 95%) yog cov khoom ntawm cov phiaj xwm sib txawv, sib txawv thiab cov khoom. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem dub thiab lub zog dub. Lawv coj txawv txawv: lawv hnov mob txawv rau ntau hom kev tawm tsam, tsis kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm, thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom tsis tau tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los. Los ntawm qhov no peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov khoom no ua raws li lwm cov kev cai ntawm physics (Non-Newtonian physics, ib qho lus piv txwv ntawm Non-Euclidean geometry), lossis peb theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tsuas yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm nws tsim.

baryons yog dab tsi?

Raws li cov qauv quark-gluon tam sim no ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam zoo, tsuas muaj kaum rau lub ntsiab lus (thiab qhov kev tshawb pom tsis ntev los no ntawm Higgs boson lees paub qhov no): rau hom (flavors) ntawm quarks, yim gluons thiab ob bosons. Baryons yog cov ntsiab lus hnyav hnyav nrog kev sib cuam tshuam. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog quarks, proton thiab neutron. Tsev neeg ntawm cov tshuaj no, txawv hauvspin, masses, lawv "xim", raws li zoo raws li cov zauv ntawm "enchantment", "strangeness", yog precisely lub tsev blocks ntawm qhov peb hu ua baryonic teeb meem. Dub (tsaus) teeb meem, uas ua rau 21.8% ntawm tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, muaj lwm yam hais uas tsis emit hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab tsis hnov tsw nrog nws nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, rau kev soj ntsuam ncaj qha yam tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab ntau ntxiv rau kev sau npe ntawm cov tshuaj no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xub nkag siab lawv lub cev thiab pom zoo rau cov cai uas lawv ua raws. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no tab tom ua qhov no hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb.

Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws

Yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj yog suav tias yog ua tau? Yuav pib nrog, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tsuas muaj ob txoj kev xaiv tau. Raws li GR thiab SRT (General thiab Special Relativity), nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom no yuav ua tau ob qho tib si baryon thiab non-baryon tsaus teeb meem (dub). Raws li lub ntsiab kev xav ntawm lub Big Bang, txhua yam uas twb muaj lawm yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm baryons. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau raug pov thawj nrog qhov tseeb heev. Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm los ntes cov khoom tsim ib feeb tom qab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tawg, uas yog, tom qab tawg ntawm lub xeev superdense ntawm cov teeb meem, nrog rau lub cev hnyav mus rau infinity thiab lub cev qhov ntev nyhav rau xoom. Qhov xwm txheej nrog baryon hais yog qhov tshwm sim tshaj plaws, vim nws yog los ntawm lawv uas peb lub Ntiaj Teb muaj thiab dhau los ntawm lawv txuas ntxiv nws qhov kev nthuav dav. cov xim dub,Raws li qhov kev xav no, nws muaj cov ntsiab lus uas feem ntau lees txais los ntawm Newtonian physics, tab sis rau qee qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog hauv txoj kev electromagnetic. Tias yog vim li cas cov detectors tsis ntes lawv.

qhov xwm txheej no haum rau ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, tab sis tseem muaj cov lus nug ntau dua li cov lus teb. Yog hais tias ob qho tib si dub thiab dawb yog sawv cev los ntawm baryons xwb, ces qhov concentration ntawm lub teeb baryons raws li ib feem ntawm hnyav sawv daws yuav, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm thawj nucleosynthesis, yuav tsum sib txawv nyob rau hauv thawj astronomical khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Thiab kev sim, qhov muaj nyob hauv peb lub galaxy ntawm qhov sib npaug txaus ntawm cov khoom loj gravitational, xws li lub qhov dub lossis cov hnub qub neutron, tsis tau tshwm sim kom sib npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm halo ntawm peb txoj kev Milky. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub hnub qub neutron, tsaus ntuj galactic halos, qhov dub, dawb, dub thiab xim av dwarfs (hnub qub nyob rau theem sib txawv ntawm lawv lub neej voj voog), feem ntau yuav, yog ib feem ntawm cov teeb meem tsaus ntuj uas tsaus ntuj ua los ntawm. Lub zog dub kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav lawv cov filling, suav nrog cov khoom kwv yees kwv yees xws li preon, quark thiab Q hnub qub.

Non-baryonic neeg sib tw

Qhov xwm txheej thib ob txhais tau hais tias tsis yog baryonic keeb kwm. Ntawm no, ob peb hom hais tuaj yeem ua tus neeg sib tw. Piv txwv li, lub teeb neutrinos, lub hav zoov uas twb tau raug pov thawj los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv pawg, ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib puas rau ibkaum-thousandth eV (electron-Volt), xyaum cais lawv los ntawm qhov ua tau vim qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov tsim nyog tseem ceeb. Tab sis hnyav neutrinos, ua ke nrog hnyav leptons, xyaum tsis tshwm sim lawv tus kheej hauv kev sib cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj. Xws li neutrinos hu ua tsis muaj menyuam; nrog lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws txog li ib feem kaum ntawm eV, lawv muaj feem ntau yuav yog cov neeg sib tw rau cov teeb meem tsaus ntuj. Axions thiab cosmions tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib npaug ntawm lub cev los daws cov teeb meem hauv quantum chromodynamics thiab hauv cov qauv qauv. Ua ke nrog lwm qhov ruaj khov supersymmetric particle (SUSY-LSP), lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyog raws li cov neeg sib tw, txij li lawv tsis koom nrog hauv electromagnetic thiab muaj zog sib cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li neutrinos, lawv tseem yog qhov kev xav, lawv lub neej tseem yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj.

Black matter theory

Qhov tsis muaj huab hwm coj hauv ntiaj teb ua rau muaj kev xav sib txawv ntawm qhov qhab nia no, qee qhov zoo ib yam. Piv txwv li, txoj kev xav tias lub ntiajteb txawj nqus zoo tib yam tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov txawv txav thiab nrawm nrawm ntawm cov hnub qub nyob rau hauv kauv galaxies. Nyob rau hauv xws li speeds, lawv yuav tsuas ya tawm ntawm nws, yog hais tias tsis yog rau tej yam kev tuav quab yuam, uas yog tseem tsis tau mus rau npe. Lwm cov kev tshawb xav piav qhia txog qhov tsis tuaj yeem tau txais WIMPs (qhov loj heev ntawm electroweakly interacting particles-cov koom tes ntawm cov hauv paus subparticles, supersymmetric thiab superheavy - uas yog, cov neeg sib tw zoo tshaj) nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv av, raws li lawv nyob hauv n-dimension, uas txawv ntawm peb peb- dimension ib. Raws li Kaluza-Klein txoj kev xav, cov kev ntsuas no tsis muaj rau peb.

Changing Stars

Lwm txoj kev xav piav qhia tias cov hnub qub sib txawv thiab cov teeb meem dub cuam tshuam li cas. Lub ci ntsa iab ntawm lub hnub qub tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsis yog vim cov txheej txheem metaphysical tshwm sim sab hauv (pulsation, chromospheric kev ua haujlwm, kev tawm suab nrov, spillovers thiab eclipses hauv binary lub hnub qub, supernova tawg), tab sis kuj yog vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom tsaus.

WARP tsav

Raws li ib txoj kev xav, qhov teeb meem tsaus nti tuaj yeem siv tau los ua roj rau subspace xyaw ntawm lub dav hlau ua haujlwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis WARP (WARP Cav). Muaj peev xwm, xws li cav tso cai rau lub nkoj txav ntawm qhov nrawm tshaj qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb. Raws li txoj cai, lawv muaj peev xwm khoov qhov chaw nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab lub nkoj thiab txav mus rau hauv nws txawm sai tshaj li ib tug electromagnetic yoj accelerates nyob rau hauv lub nqus tsev vacuum. Lub nkoj nws tus kheej tsis nrawm hauv zos - tsuas yog thaj chaw spatial nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws yog khoov. Ntau zaj dab neeg fantasy siv cov cuab yeej no, xws li Star Trek dabneeg.

Kev loj hlob hauv thaj av thaj av

Kev sim tsim thiab tau cov teeb meem dub hauv ntiaj teb tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Tam sim no, kev sim tau ua tiav ntawm LHC (Large Andron Collider), raws nraim qhov twg Higgs boson tau sau thawj zaug, nrog rau lwm yam, tsis muaj zog, suav nrog cov kab sib tsoo hauv kev tshawb nrhiav.ruaj khov, tab sis electromagnetically weakly interacting cov neeg koom tes ntawm elementary hais. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj photino, lossis gravitino, lossis higsino, lossis sneutrino (neutralino), lossis lwm yam WIMPs tseem tsis tau txais. Raws li kev ceev faj txog kev kwv yees ua ntej ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, kom tau txais ib milligram ntawm cov teeb meem tsaus ntuj hauv av, qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog siv hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv lub xyoo yog xav tau.