Riam, me ntsis txawv ntawm qhov ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev nkag siab - asymmetrical, nrog recesses ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hniav - cov neeg nyob hauv Yakutia tau ntev siv cov khoom zoo li no. Niaj hnub no, riam Yakut yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av ntawm Russia.
History of tshwm sim
Lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha (Yakutia) paub hauv ntiaj teb ua tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm pob zeb diamond. Cov suab paj nruag khomus yog pom tau txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw deb tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lwm qhov kev tsim muaj npe nrov yog Yakut riam. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, cov neeg ntawm pawg lus Turkic tau nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam loj. Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no tuaj ntawm Central Asia. Cov Yakuts hu lawv tus kheej "Sakha". Tau paub cov kev cai nruj ntawm kev nyob rau sab qaum teb, cov neeg no tsis yog yoog rau lawv xwb, tab sis kuj tau kawm kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm lawv.
Txij thaum ancient sij hawm, Sakha tau kawm extract thiab txheej txheem hlau. Cov txuj ci kws ntaus hlau tsis yog qis dua cov khoom ntawm cov kws ua hlau hauv cov teb chaws Europe tsim. Lavxias teb sab Cossacks nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, tau pib cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg yos hav zoov Yakut, tau sau tseg qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev yos hav zoov. Cov kws ntaus hlau Yakut paub yuav ua li cas smelt hlau, hla lub cam khwb cia hlau theem.
Archaeological ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chawCov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg thaum ub no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua pov thawj rau ntau pua xyoo keeb kwm ntawm Yakut riam. Hauv qhov chaw faus neeg thiab qhov chaw kawm, cov kws tshawb fawb pom cov qauv riam uas zoo ib yam li Yakut riam. Los ntawm ntau txhiab xyoo, lawv tau khaws lawv qhov loj me, geometric tsis thiab cov tsos.
Ntau yam
Tus tsim ntawm riam tsis tau hloov pauv ntau pua xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, tab sis qhov sib piv ntawm cov hniav thiab tus kov yuav txawv nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Cov cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm Yakutia muaj lawv tus kheej cov qauv rau kev tsim cov khoom no. Classic Yakut ua hauj lwm riam yog ib tug hniav ntawm 110-170 millimeters mounted ntawm ib tug ntoo kov.
Ntawm ntau yam, muaj peb hom tseem ceeb. Thawj yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov me me. Hniav ntev yog los ntawm 80 mus rau 110 mm. Nws yog tsim rau menyuam yaus thiab poj niam. Siv rau ntau yam haujlwm hauv tsev. Hom thib ob yog riam tsoos thiab feem ntau. Hniav ntev - tsis ntau tshaj kaum xya centimeters. Nws yog siv los ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov thiab cov neeg nuv ntses. Tsis muaj txiv neej ua tau yam tsis muaj nws. Hom thib peb yog tsis tshua muaj ua, vim nws loj thiab zoo li ib tug tub rog riam phom. Qhov ntev ntawm cov hniav yog los ntawm kaum yim mus rau peb caug centimeters. Lawv hu nws hais tias "hothon".
Cov neeg yos hav zoov lawv tus kheej paub qhov txawv ntawm tundra thiab taiga riam. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv qhov dav ntawm cov hniav. Nrog rau cov hniav nqaim, tundra riam yog siv ntau dua rau kev drilling thiab dej ntws. Ib rab riam taiga nrog lub dav dav yog siv los txiav cov tsiaj nyeg thiab tsiaj txhu los yogwoodworking.
Qhov txawv qhov tseem ceeb
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov hniav ntawm Yakut riam yog asymmetrical. Cov riam nws tus kheej muaj ib tug blunt thiab ncaj rov qab nrog ib tug ntse kawg. Nws yog sharpened tsuas yog ntawm ib sab (sab laug) sab. Yog tias koj saib cov riam los ntawm tus kov, cov npoo sab yuav txawv kiag li. Sab laug yog convex, zoo kawg nkaus du.
Txhua rab riam uas muaj qhov sib npaug asymmetrical yog sharpened los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm (txoj cai) sab, tab sis cov riam Yakut yog sharpened los ntawm sab laug xwb. Txoj kev no muaj nws tus kheej piav qhia: tus tswv feem ntau ua cov ntoo. Muaj rab riam sab laug, ib tug neeg precisely tswj qhov tob ntawm kev npaj. Tib qhov tshwj xeeb muab qhov tseeb ntawm multifunctional planer.
Txiav cov nqaij khov los yog ntses yog yooj yim dua, riam mus zoo li clockwork. Skinning ib tug tsiaj, hnav nws nrog xws li ib tug riam yog ib qho kev xyiv fab, vim hais tias txhua yam tshwm sim sai thiab tsis muaj ncua sij hawm. Lwm qhov tseeb ntxiv: koj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo li rab riam txawm nyob hauv thaj teb. Lub pob zeb lossis, piv txwv li, ntug ntawm lub thoob hlau yog haum rau qhov no.
Rau lub hauv paus no, Yakuts paub qhov txawv ntawm riam rau sab xis thiab sab laug. Rau txoj cai-hander, koj xav tau ib rab riam ntse ntse rau sab laug. Rau sab laug, koj yuav tau ua ib rab riam tshwj xeeb.
Second Feature
Sab xis ntawm cov hniav feem ntau yog ncaj ncaj, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab muaj ib tug longitudinal zawj. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug fuller ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hniav yog lwm feature ntawm Yakut. Craftsmen ua riam nrog ib tug luv luv thiab nyias fuller los yog ib tug dav full-length hniav. Cov Yakut hu nws Jos. Cov tsos ntawm xws li ib tug feature yog piav nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Thawj version ntawm cov tsos ntawm xws li ib qho kev nthuav dav yog txuam nrog cov khoom qub rau kev ua ib rab riam los ntawm cov pob txha txiav raws qhov ntev. Thiab lub gutter tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li lub pob txha pob txha qhov.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv: Yakut riam yog tsim los ntawm ob ntu. Lub hauv paus yog hlau mos, qhov nyuaj yog rau cov hniav. Qhov no tau ua kom txuag tau cov hlau. Qhov zawj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog zoo li ib tug compensatory leash, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hardening ob feem ntawm cov hniav.
Sab xis sab xis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws coj cov hniav seem los ze zog mus rau ib tug quadrangular zoo. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog ntoo lossis xaws khaub ncaws los ntawm tawv, koj yuav tsum siv zog. Qhov kev ua kom nkag mus yog txhim kho los ntawm cov duab tshwj xeeb ntawm Yakut riam.
kwj dej yog dab tsi
Muaj ntau ntau yam rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hav. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txuag hlau, muaj cov tswv yim qhia. Nyob rau hauv Yakutia, Frost qis dua 30-40 degrees Celsius tsis yog qhov txawv. Ib rab riam uas tsis muaj puv yog qhov nyuaj rau ntse thiab kho. Cov hniav nrog fuller yog thinner, ntse heev, tuav lub ntug zoo. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab yooj yim.
Qhov dav dav thaum txiav cov carcass tso cai rau cov riam tuaj rau hauv cov nqaij tsuas yog sab nraub qaum. Lub chute tseem dawb, daim tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm ntawm tus tsiaj yooj yim dua vim qhov txo qis ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag. Ntshav ntws los ntawm qhov chaw so hauv cov hniav.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub chute tso cai rau koj kom ua kom qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom. Tus tswv, thaum forging Yakut riam, simua kom lub teeb kom nws tsis txhob poob rau hauv dej. Tus neeg nuv ntses, tau tso rab riam los ntawm nws txhais tes, paub tseeb tias nws yuav tsis poob dej, lossis tsawg kawg tsis tau mus rau hauv qab. Ib tus kov tshwj xeeb pab kom nyob twj ywm.
Handle
Riam tuav thaum xub thawj siab tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb. Nws yog tsim los ntawm birch burl - qhov no yog ib hom kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo pob tw. Impregnate tus cwj mem tiav nrog cov roj tshwj xeeb. Qhov ntev ntawm tus kov yog kaum peb mus rau kaum tsib centimeters. Nrog rau ib tus neeg txiav txim, qhov dav ntawm xibtes yog ntsuas, tus kov yuav tsum dav me ntsis, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv lossis nres. Cov duab ntawm tus kov zoo li lub qe, qhov nqaim ntawm qhov uas yog coj mus rau cov hniav. Kev tuav rab riam zoo li no, tus neeg yos hav zoov zoo siab thiab ntseeg tau.
Qee lub sij hawm tus kov yog ua los ntawm birch bark. Cov neeg nuv ntses muaj qhov tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom zoo li no: tus tswv yuav tsum ua cov riam Yakut kom tus kov kom nws ntab. Cov khoom siv tes ua los ntawm cov yas lossis mammoth ivory ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom plig. Lawv tsis siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
Sheath rau "Yakut"
Yakut riam xav tau ib hom scabbard. Thaum pib, rau qhov no lawv coj ib tug oxtail. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv tawm nrog ib lub stocking, ib tug ntoo insert yog muab tso rau hauv. Qhov ntev ntawm lub liner yuav tsum tau loj dua li riam nws tus kheej. Nws txoj hauj lwm tsis yog tuav riam, tab sis tiv thaiv nws ntawm kev tawg.
riam mus rau hauv lub hnab ob feem peb ntawm qhov ntev ntawm tus kov. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, lub sheath khov kho tuav cov khoom los ntawm tus kov, thiab cov hniav nyob twj ywm dawb. Nws tuaj yeem tsim ib qho scabbard ntawm birch bark los yog ntoo. Ib txoj hlua txuas rau lub cev kom nrawm.
khaub ncaws hnav
Yakut riam yog hnav ntawm sab laug lossis pem hauv ntej. Kev dai dawb tsis cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev txav. Tus neeg yos hav zoov rub rab riam sai sai nrog nws sab tes xis, thaum so nws tus ntiv tes xoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm scabbard.
Cov hniav ntawm riam ntsia sab laug, taw qhia tus neeg thaum raug tshem tawm ntawm lub plhaub. Nws ib txwm ua li ntawd, nws yog kev lig kev cai.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom
Cov kws ua haujlwm niaj hnub, ua raws li txhua yam kev cai, ua ib rab riam Yakut, daim duab uas tau dhau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Kev cia siab tias qhov kev tsim kho yuav tsis dhau mus, thiab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm tus tswv txoj kev hlub yuav raug xa mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv, yog siab heev. Cov kws paub txog riam phom niaj hnub paub qhov txawv ntawm rab riam no nrog ntau yam thiab tsim tshwj xeeb.
Lub hauv paus kev xav ntawm riam yog siv rau kev tsim thiab ua haujlwm nkaus xwb. Tus tswv tsim nws cov khoom los ua tus pab, tsis yog tsov rog lossis ua phem.
Hauv cov tsev neeg Yakut, ib tug menyuam yaus txij li tsib xyoos tau txais riam. Cov niam txiv tsis ntshai tus tub yuav raug mob. Thawj cov ntshav thiab kev txiav me me qhia tus me nyuam kom ceev faj, zoo huv si, thiab yog li ntawd tsim nyog. Thawj rab riam tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau tus menyuam txhais tes.
Ib tug txiv neej yuav tsum muaj ob peb rab riam: rau tsev neeg, ua haujlwm ntoo thiab tua tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm solemn, lawv muab tso rau ntawm ib tug elegant riam, uas hais txog cov xwm txheej ntawm nws tus tswv. Hnub qub, nws dai saum txaj. Tsis muaj leej twg hauv tsev neeg muaj cai kov nws. Tsev neeg qub txeeg qub teg tau muab tso rau cov tub hlob.
Historicphenomenon
riam Yakut yog qhov tshwj xeeb keeb kwm tshwm sim. Nws tau muab tso rau ntawm ib qho kev sib tw nrog lub npe nrov "Finnish". Ob peb xyoos dhau los, nws tau muab cais ua riam phom melee thiab txwv. Niaj hnub no, nws tau sau txog nyob rau hauv txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Txij li xyoo 1995, "Txoj Cai ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim khoom, muag, kev yuav, nqa thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm Yakut riam nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha (Yakutia)" tau raug saws.
rab riam no tsim nyog rau kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, nws yog ib tus phooj ywg tseem ceeb hauv kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses. Cov Yakuts lawv tus kheej feem ntau hu nws lawv txhais tes thib peb. Lawv xav tias yuav plam rab phom zoo dua li tsis muaj riam.
