Ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm Egypt. Sights ntawm Egypt: tuam tsev, palaces, fortresses

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Ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm Egypt. Sights ntawm Egypt: tuam tsev, palaces, fortresses
Ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm Egypt. Sights ntawm Egypt: tuam tsev, palaces, fortresses

Video: Ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm Egypt. Sights ntawm Egypt: tuam tsev, palaces, fortresses

Video: Ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm Egypt. Sights ntawm Egypt: tuam tsev, palaces, fortresses
Video: Karnak, Abu Simbel and the Egyptian calendar (Giulio Magli) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Egypt yog ib lub tebchaws uas tuaj xyuas tso cai rau koj pom qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub, khaws cia hauv cov haujlwm zoo nkauj ntawm architecture.

Ancient Egypt - qhov pib ntawm kev yug ntawm niaj hnub kev vam meej

Nws yog hais txog thawj lub xeev uas tau tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb yav dhau los nyob deb (muaj ob peb ntawm lawv - cov, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no). Lawv sawv ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Ancient East vim yog cov xwm txheej zoo rau lub neej uas muaj nyob rau ntawd (kev nyab xeeb, muaj dej hauv lub cev) thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 3 BC. e. Cov no suav nrog Mesopotamia, Egypt, Is Nrias teb thiab Tuam Tshoj.

ancient cov tuam tsev ntawm Egypt
ancient cov tuam tsev ntawm Egypt

Thaum Iyi tebchaws (luv luv luv txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws no) nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm tus dej Nile. Tsuas yog raws nws cov ntug dej thiab hauv cov suab puam oases tau txoj sia. Cov seem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev thaum ub tau nyob los ntawm cov suab puam. Nws yog ib qho txaus ntshai heev rau cov neeg Iyiv - ua ntej cov xuab zeb, uas yuav tsum tau tawm tsam txhua xyoo puag ncig thiab kov yeej thaj av uas tsim nyog rau cov qoob loo, cua daj cua dub uas tsim txom lub teb chaws thaum lub Plaub Hlis thiab Tsib Hlis … Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov suab puam kuj muaj. coj tau zoo: nws tau pab tsim kom muaj av noo thiab temperate dej nyob rau hauv lub hav dej, huab cua tsim nyog rau kev vam meej ua liaj ua teb, thiab yog ib tug natural barrier tiv thaiv tawm tsam.los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Ntawm no, raws ntug dej Nile, npog nrog lub ntiaj teb dub fertile, kev vam meej ntawm Egypt tau tshwm sim, uas nws cov duab zoo nkauj thiab cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj niaj hnub no tuaj yeem qhuas txog tam sim no.

Tus kav loj yog lub cim ntawm cov vajtswv hauv ntiaj teb

Lawv yog cov xaiv ntawm cov vajtswv, cov neeg nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab lub ntiaj teb, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub tebchaws. Keeb kwm ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws thaum ub muaj ntau tshaj li plaub txhiab xyoo, thiab tag nrho cov no centuries ntev nws yog ib tug tag nrho - lub xeev nyob rau hauv uas lub sij hawm zoo li khov.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus vaj ntxwv tau qhia nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nrog kev los ua tus huab tais, lub sijhawm tshiab thiab kev suav rov qab tshiab tau pib rau lub tebchaws. Tus kav, lub ntiaj teb incarnation ntawm tus vaj tswv Horus (Horus), yuav tsum tau mob siab rau saib xyuas nws cov nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb uas tau muab rau nws los ntawm cov vajtswv - Egypt. Nws tshem tawm kev ua phem thiab kev phem, tsim kev ncaj ncees, kev txiav txim thiab kev sib haum xeeb.

lub tuam tsev ntawm hatshepsut
lub tuam tsev ntawm hatshepsut

Ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm vaj ntxwv yog kev tsim tsev rau cov vaj tswv loj. Cov tuam tsev thaum ub ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, ua tau ntau tus, qhuas Osiris, Isis, Ra thiab lwm yam deities. Falau nws tus kheej kuj yog tus pov thawj hlob, uas ua kev cai dab qhuas thiab ua koob tsheej. Nws ntseeg hais tias cov vajtswv tsuas hnov nws xwb. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam tsev thaum ub tseem ceeb heev hauv cov neeg Iyiv lub neej.

Art

Lub sij hawm tau khaws cia rau peb tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub. Muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tau muab faus nrog cov vaj ntxwv hauv cov pyramids, tab sis tag nrho cov vajntxwv tombs pom hnub no.tau plundered millennia dhau los. Tsuas yog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm Tutankhamun tau muab lub ntiaj teb lub tswv yim ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm cov kws kos duab thaum ub, potters thiab jewelers.

Muaj qee yam uas txawm tias lub sijhawm tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog. Cov no yog cov tuam tsev qub ntawm Egypt thiab cov pyramids. Tau kawg, lub xyoo txhiab xyoo dhau los tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb, thiab qee qhov kev tsim vaj tsev tau ploj mus yam tsis muaj kab. Tab sis cov tuam tsev qub txeeg qub teg tuaj yeem muab lub tswv yim ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thiab lawv txoj kev ntseeg. Ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb tias cov phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev tau npog nrog cov frescoes nrog cov scenes qhuas vaj ntxwv thiab cov ntawv sau qhia txog lawv cov kev ua, tam sim no peb paub ntau yam txog lub sijhawm ntawd.

Architecture

Cov tuam tsev qub qub hauv tebchaws Iziv thiab cov pyramids monumental yog qhov piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev tsim vaj tsev yav dhau los. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias keeb kwm ntawm architecture pib nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no. Vim tsis muaj hav zoov, cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm no yog limestone, sandstone, granite thiab cib nyoos. Lub pob zeb tau siv los ua cov pyramids thiab cov tuam tsev complexes, palaces thiab fortresses tau ua los ntawm cib.

Ib yam ntawm Egyptian architecture yog tias cov masonry tau ua yam tsis siv cov nplaum daws. Sab hauv thiab sab nraum phab ntsa ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab txhua kab tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog frescoes, figurines thiab inscriptions. Tag nrho cov ntawd yog lub cim.

Koj tuaj yeem pom cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev thaum ub nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag lossis ntawm daim duab ntawm Egypt. Tuam tsev thiab pyramids, txawm nyob rau hauv cov duab, amaze nrog lawv monumentality, nruj ntawm kab thiab majestic calmness.

Yuav ua li cas thaum ub cov vaj tsev ua vaj tse tau tsim

Pyramids yog ib qho ntawm cov paub tsis meej ntawm keeb kwm,uas niaj hnub txiv neej tseem daws tsis tau. Qhov tseeb, txhua yam txuas nrog lawv yog ib qho kev sib tw loj. Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau paub meej tias cov pyramids tau tsim los ua kev faus neeg ntawm cov pharaohs. Yuav ua li cas raws nraim lawv tau tsim, muab qhov tsis muaj ib qho cuab yeej rau kev ua thiab xa cov pob zeb loj heev, yog lwm qhov tsis meej ntawm cov pyramids.

Ntau yam paub txog kev tsim cov tuam tsev. Muaj peb hom ntawm lawv: pob zeb, semi-pob zeb thiab terrestrial. Cov tom kawg tau ua raws li ib hom. Lawv yog cov duab plaub uas muaj phab ntsa siab. Ib txoj kev feem ntau yog coj los ntawm Nile mus rau lub tuam tsev, uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov sphinxes ntawm ob sab. Cov qauv tsis sawv cev rau ib qho kev sib xyaw ua tiav, lawv tau tsim ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv - cov tsev tau txuas nrog ib qho tom qab.

Pob zeb tuam tsev muaj lub ntsej muag sab nraud, tag nrho lwm chav raug txiav hauv pob zeb. Semi-pob zeb complexes tau ua ib feem ntawm qhov chaw, thiab ib nrab ntawm cov pob zeb.

Kem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam tsev. Muaj 134 leeg nyob hauv lub tuam tsev Karnak, feem ntau lawv piav txog tej pob tsawb.

Cov tuam tsev thaum ub hauv tebchaws Iziv tsis muaj qhov rais. Lawv tau teeb pom kev los ntawm qhov qhib me me hauv qab lub ru tsev nws tus kheej.

Nws yuav tsum tau npog cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev lossis pleev xim rau.

Tus poj niam pharaoh thiab nws lub chaw dawb huv

Ib lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Iziv - Lub Tuam Tsev Hatshepsut - tau tsim tsa rau tus thawj coj loj uas coj lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj Tshiab.

cov tuam tsev qub
cov tuam tsev qub

Nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev qub no, tsuas muaj xwbob peb rooj plaub thaum lub hwj chim dhau mus rau poj niam txhais tes, thiab qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev kub ntxhov. Hatshepsut, tus poj huab tais ntshav dawb huv, tus ntxhais ntawm Thutmose I, yog tus pov thawj hlob ntawm Amun, uas tsis muaj qhov me me tau pab nws kom tau txais lub hwj chim hauv tebchaws Iziv. Nws tau los ua tus poj niam ntawm nws tus kwv Thutmose II thiab tom qab nws tus txiv tuag los ntawm kev mob nws coj lub teb chaws.

cov duab ntawm Egypt cov tuam tsev
cov duab ntawm Egypt cov tuam tsev

Tus poj huab tais hu ua tus tsim vaj ntxwv. Thaum nws kav (rau 22 xyoos), ntau lub tuam tsev, obelisks, sanctuaries raug tsa, monuments puas los ntawm Hyksos conquerors raug txum tim rov qab los.

Lub tuam tsev mortuary ntawm Hatshepsut nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Thebes thiab belongs rau semi-pob zeb hom. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws tau hu ua "Djeser Djeseru" - "Tus Dawb Huv tshaj plaws ntawm qhov dawb huv", thiab lawv pib muab nws lub npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm poj huab tais Hatshepsut ntau tom qab.

Tus tsim ntawm lub tsev zoo nkauj no yog tus kws tsim vaj tsev Senmut, uas tom qab ntawd tau tso siab los ntawm tus poj niam vaj ntxwv nrog kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus ntxhais Nefrura. Lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm sau tseg - 9 xyoo. Nws yog carved rau hauv cov pob zeb thiab zoo li yog lawv tej yam ntuj tso extension. Nws muaj peb lub terraces loj, nyob ib sab saum toj ntawm lwm qhov. Txhua tus muaj ib lub tshav puam qhib thiab ib lub chaw dawb huv. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, txoj kev mus rau thawj terrace yog cog nrog myrrh ntoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog coj mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws rau lub hom phiaj no. Raws li kev lig kev cai, cov sphinxes ci ntsa iab kuj adorned txoj kev.

Qhov zoo nkauj qub ntawm Hatshepsut lub tuam tsev ploj lawm. Nws tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm lub sijhawm thiab av qeeg. Tab sis txawm tam sim no, lub monument zoo kawg nkaus ntawm antiquity impresses nrog nws cov kab mob hnyav thiab grandeur.

Ancient zoo nkaujLuxor

Egypt tuaj yeem xav tsis thoob tsuas yog nrog lub monumentality thiab grandeur ntawm lub npe nrov pyramids. Lub Tuam Tsev Karnak, muab siab rau tus vajtswv Amun-Ra, yog qhov loj tshaj plaws architectural complex nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Egypt lub tuam tsev ntawm Catherine
Egypt lub tuam tsev ntawm Catherine

Nws nyob ntawm sab xis ntawm tus Nile hauv lub zos me me ntawm Karnak, peb mais ntawm lwm lub tuam tsev nto moo - Luxor. Nws txuas nrog nws los ntawm txoj kev ntev, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog sphinxes. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nws hu ua Ipet-Isut. Lub tuam tsev loj loj tau tsim kho ntau dua ib txhiab xyoo.

Lub chaw dawb huv tau tsim tsa rau kev hwm ntawm tus vajtswv Amun-Ra, tab sis kuj suav nrog cov tuam tsev ntawm lwm cov neeg Iyiv deities - Khonsu, Ptah, Montu, Mut. Muaj cov tsev teev ntuj, ntau obelisks, cov mlom ntawm pharaohs thiab ib lub pas dej dawb huv.

Egypt karnak tuam tsev
Egypt karnak tuam tsev

Qhov chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev Karnak thiab nws txoj kev khav theeb yog Lub Tsev Loj Loj. Nws tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm vaj ntxwv Seti I thiab Ramesses II. Nws muaj 134 kab nyob rau hauv 16 kab. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv muaj qhov siab ntawm 8-storey tsev.

Lub tuam tsev loj loj. Nws muaj ntau dua 30 lub tuam tsev. Feem ntau ntawm cov cheeb tsam raug kaw rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, txij li kev khawb av ntawm archaeological thiab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov monuments qub tsis nres ntawm no. Tam sim no, txoj kev ntawm sphinxes tau raug rov tsim dua me ntsis.

qhov chaw dawb huv ntawm Christendom hauv thaj av ntawm vaj ntxwv

Ib lub teb chaws ntawm ntau txoj kev ntseeg - qhov no yog qhov koj tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv Egypt nrog kev ntseeg siab. Catherine lub Tuam Tsev - yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj revered ntawm lub ntiaj teb Christian - nyob rau hauv nws thaj chaw. Qauvmuaj nyob rau 1600 xyoo. Lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4th thiab fortified los ntawm Byzantine huab tais Justinian kuv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 6.

lub tuam tsev ntawm Saint Catherine hauv Egypt
lub tuam tsev ntawm Saint Catherine hauv Egypt

Lub Tuam Tsev St. Catherine hauv tebchaws Iziv tau ua nyob rau ntawm ko taw ntawm Mount Sinai, qhov twg, raws li cov lus dab neeg hauv phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum, Mauxes tau txais Kaum Nqe Kevcai los ntawm Vajtswv, uas tau tshwm sim rau nws hauv cov nplaim taws kub hnyiab. Nws yog lub npe hu ua Christian enlightener Catherine, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 3rd, raug tsim txom thiab raug tua vim tsis kam tso tseg nws txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Tswv Yexus.

Catherine lub Tuam Tsev yog tag nrho lub nroog, suav nrog lub tsev teev ntuj, lub tuam tsev thiab ntau pua lub tsev.

Abu Simbel

Nyob hauv tebchaws Iziv koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub tuam tsev zoo kawg nkaus. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog nthuav vim hais tias nws yog carved rau hauv lub pob zeb, thiab tsuas yog lub facade yog sab nraum. Ntau qhov tseeb, cov no yog ob lub chaw dawb huv ntawm ib khub niam txiv: Pharaoh Ramses II thiab poj huab tais Nefertari. Lwm lub hom phiaj yog los txiav txim rau yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub xeev. Cov tsev teev ntuj nto moo rau lawv cov duab puab loj uas piav txog tus vaj ntxwv thiab nws tus poj niam.

ancient Egypt luv luv
ancient Egypt luv luv

Zoo kawg

Nyob thaum ub, cov tuam tsev Iyiv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej kev ntseeg ntawm lub teb chaws zoo. Niaj hnub no, lawv cov nqi nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam kev cai lawv sawv cev. Architectural monuments muab lub sijhawm rau cov txiv neej niaj hnub los kov cov qub txeeg qub teg sib sib zog nqus thiab tso cai rau koj kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Egypt.

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