Ntawm tag nrho cov hnub qub uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub qhov muag liab qab, muaj txog 275 tus muaj lawv tus kheej lub npe. Cov npe ntawm cov hnub qub tau tsim nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Tsis yog txhua tus tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm hauv lawv daim ntawv qub, thiab nws tsis yog ib txwm paub meej tias vim li cas qhov no lossis lub teeb pom kev zoo hu ua li ntawd.
Ntawm cov duab kos thaum ub lawv tus kheej, uas piav txog lub ntuj hmo ntuj, nws pom tseeb tias thawj zaug tsuas yog cov hnub qub muaj npe. Cov hnub qub ci ntsa iab tshwj xeeb tsuas yog cim qee yam.
Tom qab ntawd, phau ntawv teev npe nto moo ntawm Ptolemy tau tshwm sim, uas 48 lub hnub qub tau qhia. Ntawm no twb muab lub cev saum ntuj ceeb tsheej raug suav los yog cov npe piav qhia ntawm cov hnub qub tau muab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub thoob Ursa Major, lawv zoo li no: "lub hnub qub nyob tom qab ntawm plaub fab", "ib qho ntawm nws sab", "thawj tus Tsov tus tw", thiab lwm yam.
Nws tsis yog txog rau xyoo pua 16th uas Italian astronomer Piccolomini tau pib xaiv lawv ua cov ntawv Latin thiab Greek. Lub npe tau mus rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov loj (brilliance). Tib txheej txheem tau siv los ntawm German astronomer Bayer. Thiab tus kws sau hnub qub Askiv Flamsteed tau ntxiv cov lej lej ("61 Cygnus") rau tsab ntawv xaiv.
Cia tham txog yuav ua li cas cov npe zoo nkauj ntawm cov hnub qub, lawv cov neeg sawv cev ci ntsa iab, tshwm sim. Ntawm chav kawm, cia peb pib nrog lub ntsiab lus qhia beacon - North Star, uas yog li cas nws feem ntau hu ua hnub no. Txawm hais tias nws muaj txog ib puas lub npe, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog txuam nrog nws qhov chaw. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws taw tes rau lub North Ncej thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog xyaum tsis txav. Zoo li lub hnub qub tsuas yog txuas rau saum ntuj, thiab tag nrho lwm cov luminaries ua rau lawv txav mus ib txhis nyob ib puag ncig nws.
Nws yog qhov tseeb vim nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub hnub qub qaum teb tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntuj. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub npe ntawm lub hnub qub muab lawv ib tug yam ntxwv: lub luminary no hu ua "Heavenly Stake", "Joke Star", "Northern Star". Hauv Mongolia, nws tau hu ua "Golden Stake", hauv Estonia - "Northern Nail", hauv Yugoslavia - "Nekretnitsa" (tus uas tsis tig). Khakas hu ua "Khoshar", uas txhais tau tias "kib nees". Thiab cov Evenks hu nws tias "lub qhov nyob saum ntuj."
Sirius yog lub ntuj ceeb tsheej ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws rau tus neeg saib xyuas hauv ntiaj teb. Cov neeg Iyiv muaj tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov hnub qub yog poetic, yog li lawv hu ua Sirius "Radiant Star of the Nile", "Tear of Isis", "King of the Sun" lossis "Sothis". Ntawm cov neeg Loos, lub cev xilethi-aus tau txais lub npe zoo heev - "Hot Dog". Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias thaum nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, unbearable lub caij ntuj sov kub teem nyob rau hauv.
Spica yog qhov ci tshaj plaws ntawm Virgo constellation. Yav dhau los, nws tau hu ua "Spike", uas yog vim li cas Virgin feem ntau tau piav qhia nrog pob ntseg pob kws hauv nws txhais tes. Tej zaum nwsvim tias thaum lub hnub nyob rau hauv Virgo, nws yog lub sij hawm sau.
Regulus yog lub hnub qub tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub qub Leo. Txhais los ntawm Latin, lub npe no txhais tau tias "prince". Lub npe ntawm lub cev xilethi-aus no yog qhov qub tshaj li lub hnub qub ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws tau hu ua li ntawd los ntawm Ptolemy, nrog rau los ntawm Babylonian thiab Arab astronomers. Muaj kev xav tias nws yog los ntawm lub hnub qub no uas cov neeg Iyiv txiav txim siab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Aldebaran - lub hnub qub tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub qub Taurus. Txhais los ntawm Arabic, nws lub npe txhais tau tias "ua raws", txij li lub hnub qub no txav tom qab lub Pleiades (qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws qhib pawg hnub qub), nws zoo li yuav ntes nrog lawv.
Ntau ntxiv txog ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws, nws nyob hauv lub hnub qub Carina. Canopus yog nws lub npe. Lub npe ntawm lub cev xilethi-aus thiab lub hnub qub nws tus kheej muaj keeb kwm ntev. Nws yog Canopus uas yog tus coj ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj rau ntau txhiab xyoo BC, thiab hnub no nws yog lub ntsiab navigational luminary nyob rau sab qab teb hemisphere.
Cov hnub qub, hnub qub - lawv tau txais lawv lub npe nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Tab sis txawm tam sim no lawv fascinate nrog lawv radiance thiab tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej rau tib neeg.
