Tus nqi nqe, txheej txheem nqi thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus

Cov txheej txheem:

Tus nqi nqe, txheej txheem nqi thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus
Tus nqi nqe, txheej txheem nqi thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus

Video: Tus nqi nqe, txheej txheem nqi thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus

Video: Tus nqi nqe, txheej txheem nqi thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Rau lub koom haum ua lag luam uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab meej txog tus nqi yog dab tsi, tus nqi nqe, dab tsi yog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau nqi khoom thiab kev pabcuam. Wb tham txog yuav ua li cas thiab cov nqi twg yog tsim los ntawm, lawv ua haujlwm li cas thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj txiav txim siab tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom.

nqe yam tseem ceeb
nqe yam tseem ceeb

Price concept

Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam yog tus nqi. Lub tswv yim no cuam tshuam txog ntau yam teeb meem thiab yam uas cuam tshuam txog lub xeev ntawm kev lag luam thiab tib neeg. Hauv nws daim ntawv dav dav tshaj plaws, tus nqi tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog tus lej ntawm cov nyiaj tau los uas tus neeg muag khoom txaus siab xa cov khoom mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom.

Nyob hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam, tib yam khoom tuaj yeem raug nqi sib txawv, thiab tus nqi yog tus tswj hwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov chaw lag luam, ib qho cuab yeej ntawm kev sib tw. Nws tus nqi yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam nqi, thiab nws muaj ntau yam. Tus nqi yog volatile thiab raug hloov mus tas li. Muaj ntau hom nqi: khw muag khoom, lag luam wholesale,kev yuav khoom, daim ntawv cog lus thiab lwm yam, tab sis tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj cai ntawm kev tsim thiab muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam.

yam tseem ceeb pricing
yam tseem ceeb pricing

Price functions

Kev lag luam kev lag luam txawv ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam hauv cov nqi ntawd muaj lub sijhawm los paub txog txhua yam lawv txoj haujlwm. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tau daws nrog kev pab ntawm tus nqi tuaj yeem hu ua kev txhawb nqa, cov ntaub ntawv, kev taw qhia, kev faib tawm, sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev thov.

Tus neeg muag khoom, los ntawm kev tshaj tawm tus nqi, qhia rau tus neeg yuav khoom tias nws npaj muag nws rau qee qhov nyiaj, yog li taw qhia cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm thiab lwm tus neeg lag luam hauv kev ua lag luam thiab qhia lawv txog nws lub hom phiaj. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev teeb tsa tus nqi ruaj khov rau cov khoom lag luam yog tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev thov.

Nws yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov nqi uas cov tuam txhab nce lossis txo qhov ntau ntawm cov zis. Kev txo qis hauv kev thov feem ntau ua rau nce nqi thiab rov ua dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi tseem ceeb yog qhov cuam tshuam rau kev txo nqi, vim tias tsuas yog cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem tsim cov nqi qis dua tus nqi.

nqe pricing factor
nqe pricing factor

txheej txheem nqi

Tsim tus nqi yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam tshwm sim thiab cov xwm txheej. Nws yog feem ntau nqa tawm hauv ib qho kev txiav txim. Ua ntej, cov hom phiaj ntawm tus nqi yog txiav txim siab, lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov hom phiaj ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog li, yog tias lub tuam txhab pom nws tus kheej ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luamthiab xav tuav ib ntu ntawm kev ua lag luam, nws nrhiav teeb tsa tus nqi sib tw rau nws cov khoom.

Ntxiv mus, tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud raug soj ntsuam, cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov ntsuas qhov xav tau ntau, kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm raug kawm. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim tus nqi tsim nyog rau cov kev pabcuam lossis cov khoom lag luam yam tsis tau ntsuas tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sib xws los ntawm cov neeg sib tw, yog li kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom sib tw thiab lawv cov nqi yog theem tom ntej ntawm tus nqi. Tom qab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv "tshaj tawm" yog sau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov txheej txheem nqi.

Feem ntau, ib lub tuam txhab tsim nws tus kheej txoj cai nqi, uas nws ua raws li lub sijhawm ntev. Cov theem kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog kev kho tus nqi kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog theem kawg, txhua lub tuam txhab tshawb xyuas cov nqi tsim thiab lawv ua raws li cov haujlwm ntawm tes, thiab raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb, lawv tuaj yeem txo lossis nce tus nqi ntawm lawv cov khoom.

kev tsom xam ntawm cov nqi ntsuas
kev tsom xam ntawm cov nqi ntsuas

principles of pricing

Kev tsim cov nqi ntawm cov khoom lossis kev pabcuam tsis yog tsuas yog ua raws li qee qhov algorithm, tab sis kuj yog tsim los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb siv tau. Cov nqi tsis raug coj mus rau "los ntawm lub qab nthab", lawv lub lag luam yog ua ntej los ntawm kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm lub tuam txhab sab nrauv thiab sab hauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi txiav txim siab raws li lub hom phiaj kev cai lij choj kev lag luam, ntxiv rau, nws yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm ntau yam nqi.
  • Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub hom phiaj taw qhia. Nqeib txwm yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kev daws teeb meem kev lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo, yog li nws tsim yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov dej num tau teeb tsa.
  • Txoj cai ntawm kev txuas ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem pricing tsis xaus nrog kev tsim cov nqi ntawm cov khoom hauv lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Cov chaw tsim khoom saib xyuas kev lag luam tiam sis thiab hloov tus nqi raws li.
  • Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom siab thiab kev tswj hwm. Lub xeev cov koom haum saib xyuas cov txheej txheem them nqi tas li, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom lag luam thiab cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb hauv zej zog. Txawm tias nyob hauv kev lag luam dawb, lub xeev tau muab txoj haujlwm tswj hwm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam, kom qhov loj tshaj qhov no siv rau kev lag luam monopolistic: lub zog, kev thauj mus los, vaj tse thiab kev pabcuam hauv zej zog.
vaj tse pricing yam
vaj tse pricing yam

Txoj kev cuam tshuam rau tus nqi

Txhua yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov nqi ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib puag ncig sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Cov qub suav nrog ntau yam tshwm sim thiab cov xwm txheej uas cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, kev nce nqi, caij nyoog, kev nom kev tswv, thiab lwm yam. Qhov thib ob suav nrog txhua yam uas nyob ntawm kev ua ntawm lub tuam txhab: cov nqi, kev tswj hwm, thev naus laus zis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqi sib tw suav nrog cov yam ntxwv uas feem ntau muab faib los ntawm cov ncauj lus: cov chaw tsim khoom, cov neeg siv khoom, lub xeev, cov neeg sib tw, cov kev faib tawm. Cov nqi raug muab cais ua ib pab pawg. Lawv cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus nqi tsim khoom.

Tseem muaj kev faib tawm nyob rau hauv uas peb pawg ntawm yam txawv:

  • tsis yog siv sijhawm los yog yooj yim,cov. cuam tshuam nrog lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam;
  • kev ua haujlwm zoo, uas cuam tshuam txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm ib puag ncig, cov no suav nrog zam yam, kev nom kev tswv, kev lag luam tsis ruaj khov, cov neeg siv khoom nyiam thiab nyiam;
  • kev tswj hwm, cuam tshuam nrog cov haujlwm ntawm lub xeev ua tus tswj hwm kev lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo.
system ntawm pricing yam
system ntawm pricing yam

Basic system of pricing factors

Qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog qhov ntsuas tau pom hauv txhua lub khw. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Cov neeg siv khoom. Tus nqi yog ncaj qha nyob ntawm kev thov, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog txiav txim los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tus cwj pwm. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov ntsuas xws li tus nqi elasticity, cov neeg yuav khoom 'kev cuam tshuam rau lawv, kev lag luam saturation. Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, uas tseem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Qhov kev thov, thiab raws li tus nqi, yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev saj thiab nyiam ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, lawv cov nyiaj tau los, txawm tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb.
  • Cov nuj nqis. Thaum teeb tsa tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom txiav txim siab nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, uas yog vim cov nqi uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov khoom. Cov nqi raug kho thiab sib txawv. Cov qub suav nrog se, nyiaj ua haujlwm, kev tsim khoom. Pab pawg thib ob yog kev yuav cov khoom siv raw thiab thev naus laus zis, kev tswj hwm tus nqi, kev lag luam.
  • tsoom fwv ua haujlwm. Hauv kev lag luam sib txawv, lub xeev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus nqi hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Rauqee qhov ntawm lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ruaj khov, nruj tus nqi, thaum lwm tus yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub xeev nkaus xwb kom ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ncaj ncees.
  • Txoj kev faib tawm. Thaum txheeb xyuas tus nqi tsim cov yam ntxwv, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov dej num ntawm cov neeg koom hauv cov kev faib tawm. Nyob rau txhua theem ntawm kev nce qib ntawm cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom, tus nqi yuav hloov pauv. Cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau nrhiav kev tswj hwm tus nqi, uas nws muaj ntau yam cuab yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi muag khoom muag thiab cov lag luam wholesale yeej ib txwm sib txawv, qhov no tso cai rau cov khoom txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw thiab nrhiav nws tus neeg yuav khoom zaum kawg.
  • Cov neeg sib tw. Txhua lub tuam txhab nrhiav tsis tau tsuas yog kom them tag nrho nws cov nqi, tab sis kuj ua kom cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov neeg sib tw. Vim tus nqi siab dhau lawm yuav ntshai cov neeg yuav khoom.
pricing yam ntawm kev thov
pricing yam ntawm kev thov

Internal factor

Cov yam uas lub tuam txhab tsim khoom tuaj yeem cuam tshuam feem ntau hu ua sab hauv. Pawg no suav nrog txhua yam ntsig txog kev tswj hwm tus nqi. Cov chaw tsim khoom muaj ntau lub sijhawm los txo cov nqi los ntawm kev nrhiav cov neeg koom tes tshiab, txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm.

Tsis tas li, cov nqi tsim khoom lag luam sab hauv yog cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam. Cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav tau los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm, tsim kev zoo siab, zam. Cov yam tseem ceeb sab hauv kuj suav nrog kev tswj cov khoom lag luam. Chaw tsim tshuaj paustuaj yeem tsim cov khoom zoo sib xws lossis cov khoom lag luam los ntawm tib cov khoom siv raw, uas yuav pab kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab txo tus nqi rau qee yam khoom.

External factors

Phenomena uas tsis nyob ntawm qhov kev ua ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom feem ntau hu ua sab nraud. Lawv suav nrog txhua yam ntsig txog kev lag luam hauv tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Yog li, tus nqi sab nraud-kev tsim cov khoom vaj khoom tsev yog lub xeev ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Tsuas yog thaum nws ruaj khov, muaj qhov xav tau ruaj khov rau vaj tse, uas tso cai rau cov nqi nce.

Tsis tas li, lwm yam tseem ceeb suav nrog kev nom kev tswv. Yog hais tias ib lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog los yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog rau lwm lub xeev, ces qhov no yuav tsum muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov kev lag luam, lub hwj chim ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab, thaum kawg, tus nqi. Cov kev ua ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv kev tswj tus nqi kuj yog sab nraud.

Price strategies

Muab ntau yam ntawm tus nqi, txhua lub tuam txhab xaiv nws txoj hauv kev mus rau kev lag luam, thiab qhov no tau pom zoo hauv kev xaiv lub tswv yim. Kev lig kev cai, muaj ob pawg ntawm cov tswv yim: rau cov khoom tshiab thiab cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus cia siab rau qhov chaw ntawm nws cov khoom thiab nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntu.

Cov kws lag luam kuj paub qhov txawv ntawm ob hom tswv yim rau cov khoom lag luam uas twb muaj lawm hauv kev ua lag luam: tus swb, tus nqi poob thiab tus nqi nyiam. Txhua txoj kev muab nqi yog txuam nrog kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam zoo.

Pom zoo: