Tib neeg tau mus ntev dhau los ntawm cov kab mob lom neeg uas nyob thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv lub ntiaj teb biosphere. Cov niaj hnub version ntawm kev vam meej intensively thiab loj mindlessly exploits cov kev pab cuam ntawm peb ntiaj chaw - minerals, av, flora thiab fauna, dej thiab huab cua. Txhua yam uas nyob rau hauv ncav cuag, tib neeg tau raug tsim kho kom tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm peb lub zej zog technocratic. Qhov no ua rau tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau lub ntiaj teb cov peev txheej, tab sis kuj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khib nyiab loj ntawm qhov sib txawv heev.
Dab tsi yog qhov pov tseg feem ntau? Puas yog lawv teeb meem rau peb?
Kom yooj yim thiab dav dav, pov tseg yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tsev neeg thiab kev lag luam ntawm tib neeg, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis lossis lawv qhov chaw uas tau poob lawv cov nqi thiab tsis siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub, hauv kev tsim khoom lossis lwm yam haujlwm ntawm tib neeg. Niaj hnub no muaj ib qho xwm txheej uas lub ntiaj teb muaj peev xwm ua rau choke nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm nws tus kheej tseem ceeb, yog hais tias hnyav heev thiab ceev tsis tau ntsuas.
Kev xavQhov ntsuas ntawm qhov teeb meem, ib qho tseeb yog txaus: hauv qee lub tebchaws, ib tus neeg nyob hauv nroog loj tsim tawm txog li ib tuj ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv ib xyoos. Tos! Hmoov zoo, qee qhov ntawm cov pov tseg no tau rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis feem ntau nws xaus rau hauv cov chaw pov tseg loj, uas nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov nroog loj. Piv txwv li, nyob ib ncig ntawm Moscow tsuas muaj 800 hectares ntawm kev npaj landfils. Thiab tej zaum ntau ntau lub sij hawm ntau ntuj - nyob rau hauv ravines, ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej thiab kwj deg, raws txoj kev.
Thiab tam sim no xav txog ib tsob ntoo loj - metallurgical, textile, tshuaj - nws tsis tseem ceeb. Cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov khoom no kuj ntsuas hauv tons, tab sis tsis yog ib xyoos, tab sis ib hnub. Tsuas yog xav txog qhov dej qias neeg no, muaj kuab lom los ntawm cov smelter hauv Siberia thiab cov nroj tsuag tshuaj nyob rau hauv Pakistan, kev lag luam tsheb hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab cov ntawv zeb hauv Suav teb. Puas yog qhov teeb meem? Muaj tseeb tiag, thiab hnyav heev.
Keeb kwm khib nyiab
Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, pov tseg, feem ntau, tsis muaj nyob. Lub tsho tawg, lub tsho hnav thiab muab pov tseg, lub nkoj sunken, thiab txawm tias tsis nco qab, moss-them tsev fuabtais, txawm hais tias lawv yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm tib neeg, tsis ua rau lub ntiaj teb - cov teeb meem organic tau ua tiav, cov teeb meem tsis muaj sia nyob ntsiag to thiab thaj yeeb. mus rau hauv av, tos kom txaus siab rau archaeologists.
Tej zaum thawj qhov "tiag" hauv tsev pov tseg yog iav, tab sis thaum xub thawj nws tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom tsis txaus. Zoo, thawj zaug kev lag luam pov tseg loj tshwm sim thaum tig ntawm 18-19centuries, nrog lub advent ntawm tshuab-hom factories. Txij thaum ntawd los, lawv tus lej tau nce siab. Yog tias lub Hoobkas ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tsuas yog muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw, ces cov tuam txhab lag luam loj ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st tau nchuav ntau lab litres ntawm cov pov tseg uas muaj kuab lom rau hauv dej, pas dej thiab dej hiav txwv, tig mus rau hauv "qhov ntxa loj".
Ib qho "kev hloov pauv" tiag tiag hauv kev nce cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam pov tseg tau tshwm sim thawj peb lub xyoo pua 20th, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm kev siv roj thiab roj av ntau thiab tom qab - yas.
Yuav ua li cas yog hom khib nyiab: kev faib tawm
Tib neeg tau tsim cov khoom pov tseg ntau dhau xyoo dhau los uas lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg: zaub mov thiab ntawv pov tseg, iav thiab yas, kev kho mob thiab hlau, ntoo thiab roj hmab, xov tooj cua thiab lwm yam.
Tau kawg, lawv txhua tus tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig. Txhawm rau kom pom qhov pom ntau dua, peb yuav faib tag nrho cov pov tseg rau hauv ob peb pawg raws li qib ntawm cov pa phem.
Yog li, qhov khib nyiab "zoo" thiab qhov twg "tsis zoo"?
"Tseeb" khib
- Ntawv. Qhov no suav nrog cov ntawv xov xwm qub, phau ntawv, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, cov ntawv nplaum, lub tes tsho ntawv thiab cov duab los qhia, cov ntawv xov xwm glossy thiab lwm yam. Recycling thiab pov tseg ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg yog ib qho yooj yim tshaj plaws - feem ntau ntawm nws yog qhov hu ua cov ntawv pov tseg thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua dua.ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm thiab cardboard thawv. Thiab txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg pov tseg rau hauv lub qhov thiab tsis nco qab yuav lwj hauv lub sijhawm luv luv (kwv yees rau qee hom) yam tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov xwm txheej, ntxiv rau cov number case los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv luam tawm poob rau hauv av thiab dej. Daim ntawv glossy yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau kev decompose, thaum daim ntawv nyoos thiab xoob yog qhov yooj yim tshaj.
- Khoom noj. Tag nrho cov organic pov tseg los ntawm chav ua noj, tsev noj mov, tsev so, chaw ua liaj ua teb, chaw ua liaj ua teb thiab chaw ua zaub mov - txhua yam uas yog "ib nrab noj" los ntawm tus txiv neej. Cov zaub mov pov tseg kuj decomposes sai heev, txawm tias peb xav tias ntau xyoo dhau los, cov khoom noj tau dhau los ua cov khoom ntuj tsim thiab ntau thiab ntau cov tshuaj. Nws yog qhov tseeb qhov no ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau qhov xwm txheej - piv txwv li, tshuaj tua kab mob uas tau siv dav hauv kev yug tsiaj txhu, tshuaj uas ua rau kom lub neej txee thiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom noj. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob los ntawm GMO tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob. GMOs, cov khoom noj hloov pauv hloov pauv, yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cav sib cav ntawm lawv cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa. Preservatives, ntawm qhov tod tes, thaiv lub ntuj decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem - nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau lawv tua nws los ntawm lub ntuj voj voog ntawm decomposition thiab creation.
- iav. iav thiab nws cov feem ntau yog tej zaum yog hom qub tshaj plaws ntawm "cov pov tseg cuav". Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv yog inert, thiab tsis tso dab tsi rau hauv ib puag ncig, tsis txhob ua pa phem rau huab cua thiab dej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nrog cov nyiaj txaus txaus, iav rhuav tshem cov biotopes ntuj - cov zej zog ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem hais cov tsiaj uas tau txaisqhov txhab thiab tuag, tsis muaj cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov tawg tawg tawg nyob txhua qhov chaw - thiab qhov no tsis yog hais txog qhov tsis yooj yim rau cov neeg lawv tus kheej. Lub sij hawm iav lwj yog txog ib txhiab xyoo. Peb cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv nyob deb yuav tau kov yeej cov galaxies nyob deb, thiab cov fwj uas tau muab pov rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab hnub no tseem yuav nyob hauv av. Kev pov tseg cov iav pov tseg tsis yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab yog li lawv cov lej tau nce ntau txhua xyoo.
Khib "mob"
- Plastic. Tus nqi ntawm cov khib nyiab yas niaj hnub no tsuas yog amazing - cov npe yooj yim ntawm nws hom yuav siv ob peb nplooj ntawv. Nws yuav tsis yog qhov loj tshaj uas hais tias niaj hnub no yuav luag txhua yam yog ua los ntawm cov yas - ntim thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev, lub raj mis thiab khaub ncaws, khoom siv thiab tsheb, tais diav thiab yachts. Yas decomposes ob zaug sai li iav - tsuas yog 500 xyoo. Tab sis tsis zoo li nws, nws yuav luag ib txwm tso cov tshuaj lom rau hauv ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee yam ntawm cov khoom yas ua rau nws yog "zoo meej killer". Tsawg tus neeg paub tias tag nrho "cov Islands tuaj" tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb cov dej hiav txwv los ntawm lub raj mis, corks, hnab thiab lwm yam "profile" khib nyiab coj los ntawm cov dej ntws. Lawv rhuav tshem tsheej lab ntawm cov kab mob marine. Piv txwv li, seabirds tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom siv yas los ntawm cov khoom noj, thiab ib txwm tuag los ntawm txhaws lub cev. Kev siv cov yas khib nyiab yog ib qho teeb meem loj tshaj plaws niaj hnub no.
- Metallurgical khib nyiab, tsis ua kom zoocov khoom siv roj, ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab, kev tsim kho thiab ib feem ntawm cov khib nyiab tsheb (nrog rau cov log tsheb qub). Tag nrho cov no ua rau ib puag ncig zoo heev (tshwj xeeb yog tias koj xav txog qhov ntsuas), tab sis lawv decompose sai heev - hauv 30-50 xyoo.
Qhov "hnyav tshaj" khib nyiab
- Pov tseg uas muaj mercury. Cov ntsuas kub kub thiab lub teeb tawg, qee yam khoom siv. Peb txhua tus nco ntsoov tias tus pas ntsuas kub mercury tawg tau dhau los ua qhov muaj kev kub ntxhov hnyav - cov menyuam yaus raug tshem tawm tam sim ntawd los ntawm chav "pab" thiab cov neeg laus ua tib zoo khaws cov khoom ua kua hlau uas "dov" rau hauv pem teb. Qhov phem toxicity ntawm mercury yog sib npaug txaus ntshai rau tib neeg thiab cov av - txhua xyoo kaum tawm tons ntawm cov khoom no tsuas yog muab pov tseg, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qhov xwm txheej. Tias yog vim li cas mercury tau raug xa mus rau thawj (siab tshaj) cov phom sij - cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb sau rau cov khib nyiab uas muaj mercury raug teeb tsa, thiab cov thawv ntim nrog cov khoom txaus ntshai no tau muab tso rau hauv cov thawv ntim, sau thiab khaws cia kom txog thaum lub sijhawm zoo, thaum lawv tuaj yeem nyab xeeb. pov tseg - tam sim no, pov tseg ua cov mercury tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
- roj teeb. Cov roj teeb, tsev neeg, kev lag luam thiab lub tsheb roj teeb muaj tsis tsuas yog txhuas, tab sis kuj sulfuric acid, nrog rau tag nrho ntau yam ntawm lwm yam tshuaj lom uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ib puag ncig. Ib lub roj teeb zoo tib yam, uas koj tau tawm ntawm lub TV chaw taws teeb tswj thiab muab pov tseg rau ntawm txoj kev, yuav ua rau muaj tshuaj lom ntau ntau square meters.meters ntawm av. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes rau cov roj teeb siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom ntim tau tshwm sim hauv ntau lub nroog loj, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev phom sij loj heev los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg.
- Radioactive pov tseg. Cov khib nyiab txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog kev tuag thiab kev puas tsuaj hauv nws daim ntawv purest. Radioactive pov tseg nyob rau hauv txaus concentration ua rau tag nrho lub neej txawm tsis muaj kev sib cuag. Tau kawg, tsis muaj leej twg yuav pov tseg cov uranium rods hauv qhov chaw pov tseg - qhov chaw tso thiab pov tseg cov khib nyiab ntawm "hnyav hlau" yog txheej txheem hnyav heev. Rau qib qis thiab nruab nrab-theem pov tseg (muaj qhov luv luv ib nrab-lub neej), ntau lub ntim yog siv nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom siv tau ntim nrog cov cement mortar lossis bitumen. Tom qab ib nrab-lub neej tau dhau mus, cov pov tseg no tuaj yeem muab pov tseg raws li cov khib nyiab ib txwm. Cov khib nyiab siab yog rov ua dua tshiab siv cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim thiab kim. Ua tiav kev ua tiav ntawm qib siab "qhuav hlau" pov tseg yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau theem tam sim no ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, thiab lawv tau khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm ntev heev - piv txwv li, ib nrab-lub neej ntawm uranium-234 yog txog ib puas txhiab. xyoo!
Kev xav rau qhov teeb meem ntawm pov tseg hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no
Nyob rau tiam 21st, qhov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug nrog pov tseg yog ib qho mob hnyav tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev sib cav. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm txawv teb chaws rau nws yog ib yam nkaus li txawv. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws Western, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab thiabKev ua cov khib nyiab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev nrog kev nyab xeeb tom qab, ntau pua cov nroj tsuag rov ua dua tshiab, tshwj xeeb cov chaw tiv thaiv rau kev pov tseg cov khoom phom sij thiab tshuaj lom. Tsis ntev los no, ntau lub teb chaws tau ua raws li txoj cai ntawm "kev lag luam ncig" - ib qho system uas cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yuav yog 100%. Denmark, Nyiv, Sweden, Scotland thiab Holland tau mus deb tshaj txoj kev no.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb thib peb, tsis muaj nyiaj txiag thiab lub koom haum kev pab cuam rau kev ua thiab kev pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov chaw pov tseg loj heev tshwm sim, qhov chaw pov tseg hauv nroog, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm nag, hnub thiab cua, emits cov pa phem heev uas lom txhua yam nyob ib ncig ntawm kaum kilometers. Hauv Brazil, Mexico, Is Nrias teb, thiab African lub teb chaws, ntau pua hectares ntawm cov pov tseg txaus ntshai yog nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau lab daus las megacities, uas niaj hnub ntxiv lawv "cov khoom lag luam" nrog ntau thiab ntau cov pov tseg.
Txhua txoj hauv kev kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab
- Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab rau qhov chaw pov tseg. Txoj kev uas feem ntau muab pov tseg. Qhov tseeb, cov khib nyiab tsuas yog tshem tawm ntawm qhov pom, pov tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj. Qee qhov chaw pov tseg yog khaws cia ib ntus ua ntej yuav rov siv dua hauv cov nroj tsuag pov tseg, thiab qee qhov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb thib peb, tsuas yog loj tuaj.
- Kev pov tseg cov khib nyiab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. Cov khib nyiab zoo li no twb ntau dua "civilized". Nws cov txheej txheem yog pheej yig dua thiab ntau npaum li cas. Yuav luag txhua lub tebchawsCov teb chaws Europe sab hnub poob tau hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khib nyiab cais, thiab raug nplua hnyav heev rau kev pov tawm lub hnab "ntau lub hom phiaj" nrog cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev.
- Khib nyiab incinerators. Hauv cov nroj tsuag zoo li no, cov khib nyiab pov tseg yog siv rau qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob ntawm seb hom kev pov tseg thiab nyiaj txiag muaj peev xwm, siv cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv.
- Incinerate pov tseg los tsim lub zog. Tam sim no ntau thiab ntau cov nroj tsuag tau hloov mus rau kev siv tshuab kom tau txais lub zog ntawm cov khib nyiab - piv txwv li, hauv Sweden, "khoom siv khib nyiab" muab 20% ntawm lub teb chaws cov kev xav tau. Lub ntiaj teb tab tom pib paub tias khib nyiab yog nyiaj.
- Recycling. Feem ntau ntawm cov pov tseg tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov siv dua. Nws yog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsis-nkim uas cov teb chaws tsim kho tam sim no siv zog. Qhov yooj yim rau rov siv dua yog ntawv, ntoo thiab zaub mov pov tseg.
- Kev khaws cia thiab khaws cia. Txoj kev no yog siv rau cov pov tseg uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws thiab tshuaj lom - mercury, radioactive, roj teeb.
Qhov xwm txheej nrog kev pov tseg thiab rov ua dua tshiab hauv Russia
Russia nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no lag luam deb tshaj lub teb chaws tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb yog thaj chaw loj, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov lag luam tsis siv neeg, lub xeev ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam, thiab, kom muaj kev ncaj ncees, lub tswv yim hauv tsev, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws piav qhia los ntawm cov lus qhia txog huab cua nyob hauv tsev thiab tsis kam paub txog cov teeb meem. ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze.
Leej twg saib mus
Sweden mus txogxws li theem ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab pov tseg pov tseg uas nws tsis muaj! Cov Swedes txawm pab cov neeg Norwegians hauv qhov teeb meem no, cuam tshuam nrog lawv tsev neeg thiab kev lag luam pov tseg rau qee yam xiab.
Cov neeg Nyij Pooj kuj ua rau lawv cov neeg zej zog xav tsis thoob - hauv thaj av ntawm Rising Sun, 98% ntawm cov hlau tau rov qab siv dua. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsis ntev los no cov kws tshawb fawb Nyij Pooj tau pom cov kab mob uas noj cov yas! Raws li kev kwv yees kwv yees, cov kab mob no yuav dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau rov ua dua polyethylene yav tom ntej.
