Peter thiab Paul Fortress, nyob hauv plawv nroog St. Petersburg ntawm Hare Island, hnub no yog ib qho chaw pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev coj noj coj ua peev ntawm Russia. Cia peb qhia me ntsis txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation thiab taug kev mus rau lub tsev loj cuj nto moo ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress.
History of Creation
Peter thiab Paul Fortress yog ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev qub nyob rau sab qaum teb. Nws thawj pob zeb tau muab tso rau hauv 1703. Nws tshwm sim rau lub Tsib Hlis 3. Nws ntseeg tau tias Lavxias teb sab huab tais Peter kuv ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nrog kev saib xyuas zoo xaiv qhov chaw rau lub fortress tshiab, uas yog li tsim nyog rau lub xeev thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Muaj kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Swedish, thiab txhawm rau ua kom pom lub zog thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, Peter tau tsim qhov kev tsim kho no.
Qhov zoo dua tsis ntseeg yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub fortress. Ntxiv rau qhov nyob hauv ib lub koog pov txwv,Kev tiv thaiv ntxiv yog muab los ntawm ob lub fortification dej uas ntxuav nws los ntawm txhua sab - Neva thiab Kronverk channel.
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias huab tais tus kheej tau saib xyuas kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortress, ntxiv rau, nws tus kheej tau ua qhov tsim nyog suav. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yog tias tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm txawv teb chaws, tshwj xeeb, cov haujlwm ntawm Fabkis engineers Lambert thiab Trezzini tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj.
Architectural ensemble
Peter thiab Paul Fortress yog qhov txawv los ntawm ntau lub tsev qub qub zoo nkauj, txhua tus muaj nws keeb kwm. Thaj chaw loj ntawm cov kob tso cai rau koj taug kev ntawm no txhua hnub! Ua ntej mus rau hauv tsev loj cuj, cia saib lwm lub tsev uas tus qhua yuav pom ntawm no.
Peter thiab Paul Cathedral
Lub tsev no, tej zaum, tuaj yeem suav tias yog daim npav tuaj xyuas ntawm lub fortress. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1703 los ntawm Italian kws kes duab vajtse Domenico Trezzini. Qhov no grandiose monument ntawm Petrine baroque architecture ua lub qhov ntxa ntawm huab tais. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov seem ntawm Peter lub Great thiab lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Romanov dynasty raug faus rau niaj hnub no, mus txog rau leej niam ntawm lub xeem Lavxias teb sab Emperor Nicholas II, Maria Feodorovna, uas tuag nyob rau hauv Denmark.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog kos rau lub spire ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj: nyob rau sab saum toj yog lub cim ntawm lub peev txheej kab lis kev cai - daim duab ntawm tus tim tswv, paub txog txhua tus Petersburger. Hnub no, leej twg tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj.
Bastions
Petus thiab Paul Fortress muaj rau lub bastions. Thawj ntawm lawv thiab ntxov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim kho yog Gosudarev. Nws yog los ntawm nws hais tias kev tsim kho ntawm tag nrho cov architectural pawg pib. Lub bastion tau siv los ua lub tsev khaws khoom rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm raws li barracks.
Tag nrho cov bastions muaj npe tom qab comrades-hauv-arms ntawm tus huab tais loj: Naryshkin, Trubetskoy, Zotov, Golovkin, Menshikov. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj fortification thiab ib co lwm yam functions. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau xyoo 1730, ib qho kev coj txawv txawv tshwm sim uas tseem niaj hnub no. Tsis tu ncua, rab phom tua raug rho tawm los ntawm Naryshkin bastion, cim qhov pib ntawm tav su. Nws lub suab nrov heev uas nws tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm txhua sab ntawm lub fortress. Tsis ntev peb yuav qhia koj txog lub tsev loj cuj uas muaj npe nrov hauv lub bastion ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress, qhov twg cov neeg ua phem hauv lub xeev tau ua lawv cov kab lus, tab sis tam sim no…
Lwm yam khoom siv
Ntxiv rau cov tsev no, cov neeg tuaj saib muaj sijhawm pom ntau lub tsev tseem ceeb thiab lub tsev ntawm lub fortress.
- Mint. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov lag luam ua lag luam thawj zaug, qhov twg cov nyiaj npib thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm hnub no.
- Botny house. Niaj hnub no muaj cov chaw pib pib thiab ib lub tsev cia puav pheej-khw me me uas koj tuaj yeem paub txog keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog St. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, ib qho tseem ceeb imperial relic tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tsev - lub me me nkoj ntawm Peter kuv, hu ua "yawg ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab fleet".
- Artillery arsenal. Nws tau tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab tau siv los ua ib qho chaw cia khoom rau tub rog. Tom qab ntawd, lub chaw tua hluav taws tau nyob ntawm no, uas tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev sib pauv xov tooj, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub tsev khaws khoom tau hloov mus rau hauv tsev loj cuj.
- Thiab lwm cov qauv xws li Engineering House,Commandant lub tsev, guardhouse.
Peter thiab Paul Fortress Prison
Tam sim no mus rau qhov chaw nyob imperial. Tawm tsam lub caij ntuj no zoo kawg nkaus yog lub tsev loj cuj ntawm Trubetskoy Bastion ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Qhov chaw yog lub cim zoo heev: raws li cov neeg nyob hauv Petersburgers, nws nyob ntawm no uas ob lub zog sib sau ua ke, txhua tus tsis tuaj yeem nyob ntawm nws tus kheej.
Hauv qab no yog daim duab ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress tsev loj cuj los ntawm lub tshav puam.
Yim dhau los ntawm qhov chaw txawv txawv no yog dab tsi?
Lub Trubetskoy Bastion tau siv tsis raug cai los ua lub tsev loj cuj rau Peter thiab Paul Fortress rov qab rau xyoo 18th. Txij thaum ntawd los, muaj ntau tus neeg ua txhaum cai nom tswv tau nyob ntawm no. Thawj yog Tsarevich Alexei (tus tub ntawm Peter I thiab Evdokia Lopukhina), boyars Kikin thiab Lopukhin thiab Prince Dolgoruky. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv raug liam ntawm kev ntxeev siab thiab kev ntxeev siab thiab raug kaw rau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev lojcuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Kuj tseem muaj lub chaw ua haujlwm zais cia uas tau nug cov neeg raug kaw. Nws ntseeg tias Peter nws tus kheej tau nyob rau lub sijhawm nug cov lus nug no thiab feem ntau ua tus tua neeg.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm thaj chaw rau khaws cov neeg ua phem hauv lub fortress, yog li xyoo 1870 nws tau txiav txim siab rov tsim Trubetskoy bastion rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Lub tsev loj cuj yog zais cia. Tsuas yog cov neeg raug liam tias nws ua txhaum cai ntawm kev nom kev tswv tau khaws cia ntawm no. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov neeg uas tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav. Tsuas yogHauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, cov neeg ua txhaum cai raug txim tuag lossis raug kaw rau lub neej raug kaw.
Lub tsev loj cuj Trubetskoy muaj nyob rau ib nrab xyoo pua. Cov npe ntawm feem coob ntawm nws cov neeg raug kaw tau khaws cia mus ib txhis ntawm nplooj ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias. Thawj cov neeg uas tawm tsam Alexander II, Alexander Ulyanov, tus tij laug ntawm tib lub Ulyanov-Lenin, uas npau suav ntawm kev ua ib tug socialist kiv puag ncig, nto moo Lavxias teb sab sau Maxim Gorky, uas tau raug tso tawm tom qab ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm vim pej xeem siab … Muaj ntau ntau lub npe uas paub zoo rau txhua tus neeg Lavxias. Tab sis muaj pes tsawg tus neeg raug kaw peb tseem tsis paub txog?
Lub tsev kaw neeg Trubetskoy ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress muaj mus txog xyoo 1924. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau hloov mus ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej, uas niaj hnub no txhua tus tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas.
